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</div><div><span>Liver biopsy</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Liver biopsy</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A liver <a test="test" href="./003416.htm">biopsy</a> is a test that takes a sample of tissue from the liver for examination.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Most of the time, the test is done in the hospital or specialized procedure unit. Before the test is done, you may be given a medicine to prevent pain or to calm you (sedative).</p><p>The biopsy may be done through the abdominal wall:</p><ul><li>You will lie on your back with your right hand under your head. You need to stay as still as you can.</li><li>The health care provider will find the correct spot for the biopsy needle to be inserted into the liver. This is often done by using ultrasound.</li><li>The skin is cleaned, and numbing medicine is injected into the area using a small needle.</li><li>A small cut is made, and the biopsy needle is inserted.</li><li>You will be told to hold your breath while the biopsy is taken. This is to reduce the chance of damage to the lung or liver.</li><li>The needle is removed quickly.</li><li>Pressure will be applied to stop the bleeding. A bandage is placed over the insertion site.</li></ul><p>The procedure can also be done by inserting a needle into your liver by moving it through the jugular vein.</p><ul><li>If the procedure is performed this way, you will lie on your back.</li><li>X-rays will be used to guide the provider to the vein.</li><li>A special needle and catheter (thin tube) is used to take the biopsy sample.</li></ul><p>If you receive sedation for this test, you will need someone to drive you home.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Tell your provider about:</p><ul><li>Bleeding problems</li><li>Drug allergies</li><li>Medicines you are taking including herbs, supplements, or medicines you bought without a prescription</li><li>Whether you are pregnant </li></ul><p>You must sign a consent form. Blood tests are sometimes done to test your blood's ability to clot. You will be told not to eat or drink anything for the 8 hours before the test.</p><p>For infants and children:</p><p>The preparation needed for a child depends on the child's age and maturity. Your child's provider will tell you what you can do to prepare your child for this test.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>You will feel a stinging pain when the anesthetic is injected. The biopsy needle may feel like deep pressure and dull pain. Some people feel this pain in the shoulder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The biopsy helps diagnose many <a test="test" href="./000205.htm">liver diseases</a>. The procedure also helps assess the stage (early, advanced) of liver disease. This is especially important in hepatitis B and C infection.</p><p>The biopsy also helps detect:</p><ul><li>Cancer</li><li>Infections</li><li>The cause of abnormal levels of liver enzymes that have been found in blood tests</li><li>The cause of an unexplained liver enlargement </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The liver tissue is normal.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>The biopsy may reveal a number of liver diseases, including <a test="test" href="./000255.htm">cirrhosis</a>, <a test="test" href="./001154.htm">hepatitis</a>, or infections such as <a test="test" href="./000077.htm">tuberculosis</a>. It may also indicate cancer.</p><p>This test also may be performed for:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000281.htm">Alcoholic liver disease </a>(fatty liver, hepatitis, or cirrhosis)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000211.htm">Amebic liver abscess</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000245.htm">Autoimmune hepatitis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001145.htm">Biliary atresia</a></li><li>Chronic active hepatitis</li><li>Chronic persistent hepatitis</li><li><a test="test" href="./001322.htm">Disseminated coccidioidomycosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000327.htm">Hemochromatosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000279.htm">Hepatitis B</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000284.htm">Hepatitis C</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000216.htm">Hepatitis D</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000280.htm">Hepatocellular carcinoma</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000580.htm">Hodgkin lymphoma</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./007657.htm">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000581.htm">Non-Hodgkin lymphoma</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000261.htm">Pyogenic liver abscess</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001565.htm">Reye syndrome</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000285.htm">Sclerosing cholangitis</a></li><li>Primary biliary cholangitis</li><li><a test="test" href="./000785.htm">Wilson disease</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Risks may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000087.htm">Collapsed lung</a></li><li>Complications from the sedation</li><li>Injury to the gallbladder or kidney</li><li>Internal bleeding </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Biopsy - liver; Percutaneous liver biopsy; Needle biopsy of liver</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1102t.jpg" alt="Liver biopsy" title="Liver biopsy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1102.htm">Liver biopsy</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Holmes JA, Chung RT. Hepatitis C. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds. <em>Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease.</em> 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 80.</p><p>Martin P. Approach to the patient with liver disease. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine.</em> 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 137.</p><p>Paradis V, Zucman-Rossi J. Cellular and molecular techniques. In: Burt AD, ed. <em>MacSween's Pathology of the Liver. </em>8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 2.
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