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</div><div><span>Coronary angiography</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Coronary angiography</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Coronary angiography is a procedure that uses a special dye (contrast material) and x-rays to see how blood flows through the arteries in your heart. </p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Coronary angiography is sometimes performed with <a test="test" href="./003419.htm">cardiac catheterization</a>. This is a procedure that measures pressures in the heart chambers.</p><p>Before the test starts, you will be given a mild sedative to help you relax.</p><p>An area of your body (the arm or groin) is cleaned and numbed with a local numbing medicine (anesthetic). The cardiologist passes a thin hollow tube, called a catheter, through an artery and carefully moves it up into the heart. X-ray images help the doctor position the catheter.</p><p>Once the catheter is in place, dye (contrast material) is injected into the catheter. X-ray images are taken to see how the dye moves through the artery. The dye helps highlight any blockages in blood flow.</p><p>The procedure most often lasts 30 to 60 minutes.</p><img title="Coronary angiography" alt="Coronary angiography" src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/fullsize/18129.jpg" class="img-e" itemprop="image"/></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>You should not eat or drink anything for 8 hours before the test starts.</p><p>You will wear a hospital gown. You must sign a consent form before the test. Your health care provider will explain the procedure and its risks.</p><p>Tell your provider if you: </p><ul><li>Are allergic to any medicines or if you have had a bad reaction to contrast material in the past</li><li>Are taking sildenafil (Viagra), vardenafil (Levitra), tadalafil (Cialis) or other medicines from this class</li><li>Might be pregnant </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>In most cases, you will be awake during the test. You may feel some pressure at the site where the catheter is placed.</p><p>You may feel a flushing or warm sensation after the dye is injected.</p><p>After the test, the catheter is removed. You might feel a firm pressure being applied at the insertion site to prevent bleeding. If the catheter is placed in your groin, you will be asked to lie flat on your back for a few hours to several hours after the test to avoid bleeding. This may cause some mild back discomfort.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Coronary angiography may be done if: </p><ul><li>You have angina for the first time.</li><li>Your angina that is becoming worse, not going away, occurring more often, or happening at rest (called <a test="test" href="./000201.htm">unstable angina</a>).</li><li>You have <a test="test" href="./000178.htm">aortic stenosis</a> or another heart valve problem.</li><li>You have atypical chest pain, when other tests are normal.</li><li>You had an abnormal heart stress test.</li><li>You are going to have surgery on your heart and you are at high risk for coronary artery disease.</li><li>You have <a test="test" href="./000158.htm">heart failure</a>.</li><li>You have been diagnosed as having a heart attack. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Normal Results</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>There is a normal supply of blood to the heart and no blockages.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>An abnormal result may mean you have a blocked artery. The test can show how many coronary arteries are blocked, where they are blocked, and the severity of the blockages.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Cardiac catheterization carries a slightly increased risk when compared with other heart tests. However, the test is very safe when performed by an experienced team.</p><p>Generally, the risk for serious complications ranges from 1 in 1,000 to 1 in 500. Risks of the procedure include the following:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000194.htm">Cardiac tamponade</a></li><li>Irregular heartbeats</li><li>Injury to a heart artery</li><li>Low blood pressure</li><li>Allergic reaction to contrast dye or a medicine administered during the exam</li><li><a test="test" href="./000726.htm">Stroke</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000195.htm">Heart attack</a></li></ul><p>Considerations associated with any type of catheterization include the following:</p><ul><li>In general, there is a risk for bleeding, infection, and pain at the IV or catheter site.</li><li>There is a very small risk that the soft plastic catheters could damage the blood vessels or surrounding structures.</li><li>Blood clots could form on the catheters and later block blood vessels elsewhere in the body.</li><li>The contrast dye could damage the kidneys (particularly in people with diabetes or prior kidney problems). </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>If a blockage is found, your cardiologist may perform a percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to open the blockage. This can be done during the same procedure, but may be delayed for various reasons. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Cardiac angiography; Angiography - heart; Angiogram - coronary; Coronary artery disease - angiography; CAD - angiography; Angina - angiography; Heart disease - angiography</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/18129t.jpg" alt="Coronary angiography" title="Coronary angiography" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/18129.htm">Coronary angiography</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dangas GD, Mehran R. Coronary angiography and intravascular imaging. In: Libby P, Bonow RO, Mann DL, Tomaselli GF, Bhatt DL, Solomon SD, eds. <em>Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 21.</p><p>Lange RA, Mukherjee D. Acute coronary syndrome: unstable angina and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 57.</p><p>Teirstein PS, Kirtane AJ. Interventional diagnosis and treatment of coronary artery disease. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 59.</p><p>Virani SS, Newby LK, Arnold SV, et al. 2023 AHA/ACC/ACCP/ASPC/NLA/PCNA Guideline for the management of patients with chronic coronary disease: A report of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology joint committee on clinical practice guidelines. <em>Circulation</em>. 2023;148:e9–e119. PMID: 37471501 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37471501/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/37471501/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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