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</div><div><span>Intravenous pyelogram</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Intravenous pyelogram</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>An intravenous pyelogram (IVP) is a special <a test="test" href="./003337.htm">x-ray</a> exam of the kidneys, bladder, and ureters (the tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>An IVP is done in a hospital radiology department or a health care provider's office.</p><p>You may be asked to take some medicine to clear your bowels before the procedure to provide a better view of the urinary tract. You will need to empty your bladder right before the procedure starts.</p><p>Your provider will inject an iodine-based contrast (dye) into a vein in your arm. A series of x-ray images are taken at different times. This is to see how the kidneys remove the dye and how it collects in your urine.</p><p>You will need to lie still during the procedure. The test may take up to an hour.</p><p>Before the final image is taken, you will be asked to urinate again. This is to see how well the bladder has emptied.</p><p>You can go back to your normal diet and medicines after the procedure. You should drink plenty of fluids to help remove all the contrast dye from your body.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How to Prepare for the Test</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>As with all x-ray procedures, tell your provider if you:</p><ul><li>Are allergic to contrast material</li><li>Are pregnant</li><li>Have any drug allergies</li><li>Have kidney disease or diabetes</li></ul><p>Your provider will tell you if you can eat or drink before this test. You may be given a laxative to take the afternoon before the procedure to clear the intestines. This will help your kidneys to be seen clearly.</p><p>You must sign a consent form. You will be asked to wear a hospital gown and to remove all jewelry.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>How the Test will Feel</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>You may feel a burning or <a test="test" href="./003241.htm">flushing</a> sensation in your arm and body as the contrast dye is injected. You may also have a metallic taste in your mouth. This is normal and will go away quickly.</p><p>Some people develop a headache, nausea, or vomiting after the dye is injected.</p><p>The belt across the kidneys may feel tight over your belly area.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Why the Test is Performed</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>An IVP can be used to evaluate:</p><ul><li>An abdominal injury</li><li>Bladder and kidney infections</li><li>Blood in the urine</li><li><a test="test" href="./003113.htm">Flank pain</a> (possibly due to <a test="test" href="./000458.htm">kidney stones</a>)</li><li>Tumors </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>What Abnormal Results Mean</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The test may reveal kidney diseases, birth defects of the urinary system, tumors, kidney stones, or damage to the urinary system.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Risks</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>There is a chance of an <a test="test" href="./000005.htm">allergic reaction</a> to the dye, even if you have received contrast dye in the past without any problem. If you have a known allergy to iodine-based contrast, a different test can be done. Other tests include retrograde pyelography, MRI, or ultrasound.</p><p>There is low radiation exposure. Most experts feel that the risk is low compared with the benefits.</p><p>Children are more sensitive to the risks of radiation. This test is generally avoided during pregnancy. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Considerations</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Computed tomography (CT) scans have replaced IVP as the main tool for checking the urinary system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is also used to look at the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Excretory urography; IVP</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1101t.jpg" alt="Kidney anatomy" title="Kidney anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1101.htm">Kidney anatomy</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1704t.jpg" alt="Kidney - blood and urine flow" title="Kidney - blood and urine flow" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1704.htm">Kidney - blood and urine flow</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9481t.jpg" alt="Intravenous pyelogram" title="Intravenous pyelogram" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9481.htm">Intravenous pyelogram</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Bishoff JT, Rastinehad AR. Urinary tract imaging: basic principles of CT, MRI, and plain film imaging. In: Partin AW, Domochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. <em>Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology</em>. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 3.</p><p>Gallagher KM, Hughes J. Urinary tract obstruction. In: Feehally J, Floege J, Tonelli M, Johnson RJ, eds. <em>Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2019:chap 58.</p><p>Sakhaee K, Moe OW. Urolithiasis. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Taal MW, Skorecki K, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 38.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 1/1/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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