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</div><div><span>Boils</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Boils</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A boil is an infection that affects groups of hair follicles and nearby skin tissue.</p><p>Related conditions include <a test="test" href="./000823.htm">folliculitis</a>, an inflammation of one or more hair follicles, and <a test="test" href="./000825.htm">carbunculosis</a>, a skin infection that often involves a group of hair follicles. </p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Boils are very common. They are most often caused by the bacteria <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>. They can also be caused by other types of bacteria or fungi found on the skin's surface. Damage to the hair follicle allows the infection to grow deeper into the follicle and the tissues under it. </p><p>Boils may occur in the hair follicles anywhere on the body. They are most common on the face, neck, armpit, buttocks, and thighs. You may have one or many boils. The condition may occur only once or it can be a long-lasting (chronic) or recurring problem.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>A boil may begin as tender, pinkish-red, and swollen, on a firm area of the skin. Over time, it will feel like a water-filled balloon or <a test="test" href="./003240.htm">cyst</a>.</p><p>Pain gets worse as it fills with pus and dead tissue. Pain lessens when the boil drains. A boil may drain on its own. More often, the boil needs to be opened to drain.</p><p>The main symptoms of a boil include:</p><ul><li>A bump about the size of a pea, but may be as large as a golf ball</li><li>White or yellow center (<a test="test" href="./003234.htm">pustules</a>)</li><li>Spread to other skin areas or joining with other boils</li><li>Quick growth</li><li>Weeping, oozing, or crusting </li></ul><p>Other symptoms may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li>Fever</li><li>General ill-feeling</li><li>Itching before the boil develops</li><li>Skin redness around the boil</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider can usually diagnose a boil based on how it looks. A sample of cells from the boil may be sent to the lab for a <a test="test" href="./003762.htm">culture</a> to look for staphylococcus or other bacteria.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Boils may heal on their own after a period of itching and mild pain. More often, they become more painful as pus builds up.</p><p>Boils usually need to open and drain in order to heal. This most often happens within 2 weeks. You should:</p><ul><li>Put warm, moist, compresses on the boil several times a day to speed draining and healing.</li><li>Never squeeze a boil or try to cut it open at home. This can spread the infection.</li><li>Continue to put warm, wet, compresses on the area after the boil opens. </li></ul><p>You may need to have surgery to drain deep or large boils. Get treatment from your provider if:</p><ul><li>You have a fever or other symptoms with the boil.</li><li>The boil causes pain or discomfort. </li><li>You have a boil on your spine or the middle of your face.</li><li>A boil lasts longer than 1 week.</li><li>A boil comes back.</li></ul><p>It is important to keep a boil clean. To do this:</p><ul><li>Clean boils and change their dressing often.</li><li>Wash your hands well before and after touching a boil.</li><li>Do not reuse or share washcloths or towels. Wash clothing, washcloths, towels, and sheets or other items that have touched infected areas in hot water.</li><li>Throw out used dressings in a sealed bag so that fluid from the boil does not touch anything else. </li></ul><p>Your provider may give you antibiotics to take by mouth or a shot, if the boil is very bad or comes back.</p><p>Antibacterial soaps and creams cannot help much once a boil has formed.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Some people have repeated boil infections and are unable to prevent them. </p><p>Boils in areas such as the ear canal or nose can be very painful.</p><p>Boils that form close together may expand and join, causing a condition called carbunculosis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>These complications may occur:</p><ul><li>Abscess of the skin, spinal cord, brain, kidneys, or other organ</li><li>Brain infection</li><li><a test="test" href="./001098.htm">Heart infection</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000437.htm">Bone infection</a></li><li>Infection of the blood or tissues (<a test="test" href="./000666.htm">sepsis</a>)</li><li>Spinal cord infection</li><li>Spread of infection to other parts of the body or skin surfaces</li><li>Permanent scarring</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if boils:</p><ul><li>Appear on your face or spine</li><li>Occur along with a fever, red streaks coming out from the sore, a large build-up of fluid in the area, or other symptoms of infection</li><li>Cause pain or discomfort</li><li>Do not heal with home treatment within 1 week</li><li>Come back after treatment</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>The following may help prevent the spread of infection:</p><ul><li><div>Antibacterial soaps</div></li><li><div>Antiseptic (germ-killing) washes</div></li><li><div>Keeping clean (such as thorough hand washing)</div></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Furuncle</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9703t.jpg" alt="Hair follicle anatomy" title="Hair follicle anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9703.htm">Hair follicle anatomy</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dinulos JGH. Bacterial infections. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. <em>Habif's Clinical Dermatology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 9.</p><p>Pulia M, May LS. Skin and soft tissue infections. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 126.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/30/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Ramin Fathi, MD, FAAD, Director, Phoenix Surgical Dermatology Group, Phoenix, AZ. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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