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</div><div><span>Vernal conjunctivitis</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Vernal conjunctivitis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Vernal conjunctivitis is long-term (chronic) swelling (inflammation) of the outer lining of the eyes. It is due to an <a test="test" href="./001031.htm">allergic reaction</a>.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Vernal conjunctivitis often occurs in people with a strong family history of allergies. These may include <a test="test" href="./000813.htm">allergic rhinitis</a>, <a test="test" href="./000141.htm">asthma</a>, and eczema. It is most common in young males, and most often occurs during the spring and summer.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003034.htm">Burning eyes</a>.</li><li>Discomfort in bright light (<a test="test" href="./003041.htm">photophobia</a>).</li><li><a test="test" href="./003034.htm">Itching eyes</a>.</li><li>The area around the cornea where the white of the eye and the cornea meet (limbus) may become rough and swollen.</li><li>The inside of the eyelids (most often the upper ones) may become rough and covered with bumps and a white mucus.</li><li>Watering eyes.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will perform an eye exam.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Avoid allergy triggers (allergens).</p><p>Avoid rubbing the eyes because this can irritate them more.</p><p>Cold compresses (a clean cloth soaked in cold water and then placed over the closed eyes) may be soothing.</p><p>Lubricating drops may also help soothe the eye.</p><p>If home-care measures do not help, you may need to be treated by your provider. Treatment may include:</p><ul><li>Antihistamine or anti-inflammatory drops that are placed into the eye</li><li>Eye drops that prevent a type of white blood cell called mast cells from releasing histamine (may help prevent future attacks)</li><li>Mild steroids that are applied directly to the surface of the eye (for severe reactions)</li></ul><p>Cyclosporine 0.1% eye drops contain a mild form of the immune-suppressing medicine and may help treat acute episodes of vernal conjunctivitis. They may also help prevent recurrences.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The condition continues over time (is chronic). It gets worse during certain seasons of the year, most often in the spring and summer. Treatment may provide relief.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Continuing discomfort</li><li>Reduced vision</li><li>Scarring of cornea </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if your symptoms continue or get worse.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Using air conditioning or moving to a cooler climate may help prevent the problem from getting worse in the future.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Barney NP. Allergic and immunologic diseases of the eye. In: Burks AW, Holgate ST, O'Hehir RE, et al, eds. <em>Middleton's Allergy: Principles and Practice</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 38.</p><p>Cho CB, Boguniewicz M, Sicherer SH. Ocular allergies. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics</em>. 21st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 172.</p><p>Nehls SM. Vernal and atopic keratoconjunctivitis. In: Mannis MJ, Holland EJ, eds. <em>Cornea</em>. 5th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 43.</p><p>Rubenstein JB, Patel P. Allergic conjunctivitis. In: Yanoff M, Duker JS, eds. <em>Ophthalmology</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 4.7.</p><p>Yucel OE, Ulus ND. Efficacy and safety of topical cyclosporine A 0.05% in vernal keratoconjunctivitis. <em>Singapore Med J</em>. 2016;57(9):507-510. PMID: 26768065 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26768065/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26768065/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 1/29/2024</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Audrey Tai, DO, MS, Athena Eye Care, Mission Viejo, CA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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