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</div><div><span>Fungal nail infection</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Fungal nail infection</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Fungal nail infection is a fungus growing in and around your fingernail or toenail.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Fungi can live on the dead tissues of the hair, nails, and outer skin layers.</p><p>Common fungal infections include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000875.htm">Athlete's foot</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000876.htm">Jock itch</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001439.htm">Ringworm</a> on the skin of the body or head </li></ul><p>Fungal nail infections often start after a fungal infection on the feet. They occur more often in toenails than in fingernails. They are most often seen in adults as they age.</p><p>You are at higher risk of getting a fungal nail infection if you have any of the following:</p><ul><li>Diabetes</li><li>Peripheral vascular disease</li><li>Peripheral neuropathies</li><li>Minor skin or nail injuries</li><li>Deformed nail or nail disease</li><li>Moist skin for a long time</li><li>Immune system problems</li><li>Family history</li><li>Wear footwear that does not allow air to reach your feet</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include <a test="test" href="./003247.htm">nail changes</a> on one or more nails (usually toenails), such as: </p><ul><li>Brittleness</li><li>Change in nail shape</li><li>Crumbling of the outside edges of the nail</li><li>Debris trapped under the nail</li><li>Loosening or lifting of the nail</li><li>Loss of luster and shine on the nail surface</li><li>Thickening of the nail</li><li>White or yellow streaks on the side of the nail </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will examine your nails to find out if you have a fungal infection. </p><p>The diagnosis can be confirmed by looking at scrapings from the nail under a microscope. This can help determine the type of fungus. Samples can also be sent to a lab for a <a test="test" href="./003762.htm">culture</a>. (Results may take 4 to 6 weeks.)</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Over-the-counter creams and ointments usually do not help treat this condition.</p><p>Prescription antifungal medicines that you take by mouth may help clear the fungus.</p><ul><li>You will need to take the medicine for about 2 to 3 months for toenails; a shorter time for fingernails.</li><li>Your provider will do lab tests to check for liver damage while you are taking these medicines. </li></ul><p>Laser treatments may sometimes get rid of the fungus in the nails. This is less effective than medicines.</p><p>In some cases, you may need to have the nail removed.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The fungal nail infection is cured by the growth of new, non-infected nails. Nails grow slowly. Even if treatment is successful, it may take up to a year for a new clear nail to grow.</p><p>Fungal nail infections may be hard to treat. Medicines clear up fungus in about one half of the people who try them.</p><p>Even when treatment works, the fungus may return.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Contact your provider if:</p><ul><li>You have fungal nail infections that do not go away</li><li>Your fingers become painful, red, or drain pus</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Good general health and hygiene help prevent fungal infections.</p><ul><li>DO NOT share tools used for manicures and pedicures.</li><li>Keep your skin clean and dry.</li><li>Take proper care of your nails.</li><li>Wash and dry your hands thoroughly after touching any kind of fungal infection. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Nails - fungal infection; Onychomycosis; Tinea unguium</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1877t.jpg" alt="Nail infection - candidal" title="Nail infection - candidal" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1877.htm">Nail infection - candidal</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19348t.jpg" alt="Yeast and mold" title="Yeast and mold" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19348.htm">Yeast and mold</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Dinulos JGH. Nail diseases. In: Dinulos JGH, ed. <em>Habif's Clinical Dermatology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 25.</p><p>Holguin T, Osmani S, Mishra K. Fungal infections of the skin. In: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, eds. <em>Conn's Current Therapy 2022</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:1058-1062.</p><p>Tosti A, Iorizzo M. Tinea unguium. In: Lebwohl MG, Heymann WR, Coulson IH, Murrell DF, eds. <em>Treatment of Skin Disease: Comprehensive Therapeutic Strategies</em>. 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2022:chap 243.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 11/18/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Elika Hoss, MD, Assistant Professor of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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