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</div><div><span>Varicocele</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Varicocele</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A varicocele is the swelling of the veins inside the scrotum. These veins are found along the cord that holds up a man's <a test="test" href="./002334.htm">testicles</a> (spermatic cord).</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>A varicocele forms when valves inside the veins that run along the spermatic cord prevent blood from flowing properly. Blood backs up, leading to swelling and widening of the veins. (This is similar to <a test="test" href="./001109.htm">varicose veins</a> in the legs.)</p><p>Most of the time, varicoceles develop slowly. They are more common in men ages 15 to 25 and are most often seen on the left side of the <a test="test" href="./002296.htm">scrotum</a>.</p><p>A varicocele in an older man that appears suddenly may be caused by a <a test="test" href="./000516.htm">kidney tumor</a>, which can block blood flow to a vein.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms include:</p><ul><li>Enlarged, twisted veins in the scrotum</li><li>Dull ache or discomfort</li><li>Painless <a test="test" href="./003162.htm">testicle lump</a>, <a test="test" href="./003161.htm">scrotal swelling</a>, or bulge in the scrotum</li><li>Possible problems with fertility or decreased sperm count</li></ul><p>Some men do not have symptoms.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>You will have an exam of your groin area, including the scrotum and testicles. Your health care provider may feel a twisted growth along the spermatic cord.</p><p>Sometimes the growth may not be able to be seen or felt, especially when you are lying down.</p><p>The testicle on the side of the varicocele may be smaller than the one on the other side.</p><p>You may also have an ultrasound of the scrotum and testicles, as well as an ultrasound of the kidneys.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>A jock strap or snug underwear may help ease discomfort. You may need other treatment if the pain does not go away or you develop other symptoms. </p><p>Surgery to correct a varicocele is called varicocelectomy. For this procedure:</p><ul><li>You will receive some form of anesthesia. </li><li>The urologist (surgeon) will make a cut, most often in the lower abdomen, and tie off the abnormal veins. This directs blood flow in the area to the normal veins. The operation may also be done as a laparoscopic procedure (through small incisions with a camera).</li><li>You will be able to leave the hospital on the same day as your surgery.</li><li>You will need to keep an ice pack on the area for the first 24 hours after surgery to reduce swelling.</li></ul><p>An alternative to surgery is varicocele embolization. For this procedure:</p><ul><li>A small hollow tube called a catheter (tube) is placed into a vein in your groin or neck area.</li><li>The provider moves the tube into the varicocele using x-rays as a guide. </li><li>A tiny coil passes through the tube into the varicocele. The coil blocks blood flow to the abnormal vein and sends it to normal veins.</li><li>You will need to keep an ice pack on the area to reduce swelling and wear a scrotal support for a little while.</li></ul><p>This method is also done without an overnight hospital stay. It uses a much smaller cut than surgery, so you will heal faster. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>A varicocele is often harmless and often does not need to be treated, unless there is a change in the size of your testicle or a problem with fertility.</p><p>If you have surgery, your sperm count will likely increase and it may improve your fertility. In most cases, testicular wasting (atrophy) does not improve unless surgery is done early in adolescence.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p><a test="test" href="./001191.htm">Infertility</a> is a complication of varicocele.</p><p>Complications from treatment may include:</p><ul><li>Atrophic testis</li><li><div><a test="test" href="./001124.htm">Blood clot</a> formation</div></li><li><div>Infection</div></li><li><div>Injury to the scrotum or nearby blood vessel</div></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Contact your provider if you discover a <a test="test" href="./003162.htm">testicle lump</a> or need to treat a diagnosed varicocele.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Varicose veins - scrotum</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19472t.jpg" alt="Varicocele" title="Varicocele" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19472.htm">Varicocele</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9658t.jpg" alt="Male reproductive system" title="Male reproductive system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9658.htm">Male reproductive system</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Goldstein M. Surgical management of male infertility. In: Partin AW, Domochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. <em>Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology.</em> 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 67.</p><p>Palmer LS, Palmer JS. Management of abnormalities of the external genitalia in boys. In: Partin AW, Domochowski RR, Kavoussi LR, Peters CA, eds. <em>Campbell-Walsh-Wein Urology.</em> 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 44.</p><p>Schlegel PN. Clinical management of male infertility. In: Robertson RP, ed. <em>DeGroot's Endocrinology</em>. 8th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 113.</p><p>Silay MS, Hoen L, Quadackaers J, et al. Treatment of varicocele in children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis from the European Association of Urology/European Society for Paediatric Urology Guidelines Panel. <em>Eur Urol.</em> 2019;75(3):448-461. PMID: 30316583 <a href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316583/" target="_blank">pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30316583/</a>.</p></div></div></section>
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