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</div><div><span>Meningitis - cryptococcal</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Meningitis - cryptococcal</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Cryptococcal <a test="test" href="./000680.htm">meningitis</a> is a fungal infection of the tissues covering the brain and spinal cord. These tissues are called meninges.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>In most cases, cryptococcal meningitis is caused by the fungus <em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em>. This fungus is found in soil around the world. <em>Cryptococcus gattii</em> can also cause meningitis, but this form can cause disease in patients with a normal immune system as well.</p><p>This type of meningitis is not spread from person to person. Usually, it spreads through the bloodstream to the brain from another place in the body that has the infection. </p><p><em>Cryptococcus neoformans</em> meningitis most often affects people with a weakened immune system, including people with:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000594.htm">AIDS</a></li><li>Cirrhosis (a type of liver disease)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001214.htm">Diabetes</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001299.htm">Leukemia</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000580.htm">Lymphoma</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000076.htm">Sarcoidosis</a></li><li>An organ transplant </li></ul><p>The disease is rare in people who have a normal immune system and no long-term health problems.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>This form of meningitis starts slowly, over a few days to a few weeks. Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Fever</li><li><a test="test" href="./003258.htm">Hallucinations</a></li><li>Headache</li><li><a test="test" href="./003205.htm">Mental status change</a> (confusion)</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li><a test="test" href="./003041.htm">Sensitivity to light</a></li><li>Stiff neck </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will examine you and ask about your symptoms.</p><p>A lumbar puncture (<a test="test" href="./003428.htm">spinal tap</a>) is used to diagnose meningitis. In this test, a sample of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is removed from your spine and tested.</p><p>Other tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003744.htm">Blood culture</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">Chest x-ray</a></li><li>Cryptococcal antigen in CSF or blood</li><li>CSF examination for cell count, glucose, and protein</li><li><a test="test" href="./003786.htm">CT scan of the head</a></li><li>Gram stain, other special stains, and <a test="test" href="./003769.htm">culture of CSF</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Antifungal medicines are used to treat this form of meningitis. <a test="test" href="./002383.htm">Intravenous</a> (IV, through a vein) therapy with amphotericin B is the most common treatment. It is often combined with an oral antifungal medicine called 5-flucytosine.</p><p>Another oral drug, fluconazole, in high doses may also be effective. If needed, it will be prescribed later in the disease course.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>People who recover from cryptococcal meningitis need long-term medicine to prevent the infection from coming back. People with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS, will also need long-term treatment to improve their immune system.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>These complications may occur from this infection:</p><ul><li>Brain damage</li><li><a test="test" href="./003044.htm">Hearing</a> or vision loss</li><li><a test="test" href="./001571.htm">Hydrocephalus</a> (excessive CSF in the brain)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003200.htm">Seizures</a></li><li>Death </li></ul><p>Amphotericin B can have side effects such as:</p><ul><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Fever and chills</li><li>Joint and muscles aches</li><li>Kidney damage </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Call 911 or the local emergency number if you develop any of the serious symptoms listed above. Meningitis can quickly become a life-threatening illness.</p><p>Call your local emergency number or go to an emergency room if you suspect meningitis in a young child who has these symptoms:</p><ul><li>Feeding difficulties</li><li>High-pitched cry</li><li>Irritability</li><li>Persistent, unexplained fever </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Cryptococcal meningitis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. Meningitis. About fugal meningitis. <a href="https://www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/fungal-meningitis.html" target="_blank">www.cdc.gov/meningitis/about/fungal-meningitis.html</a>. Updated January 5, 2024. Accessed June 18, 2024.</p><p>Kauffman CA, Chen S. Cryptococcosis. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 317.</p><p>Perfect JR. Cryptococcosis (<em>Cryptococcus neoformans </em>and<em> Cryptococcus gattii</em>). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 262.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 12/4/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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