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<link rel="alternative" hreflang="en" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000627.htm"/><meta property="og:title" content="Cysticercosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000627.htm"/><meta property="twitter:title" content="Cysticercosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="description" content="Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in different areas of the body."/><meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in different areas of the body."/><meta property="og:description" content="Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in different areas of the body."/><meta property="twitter:description" content="Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called Taenia solium (T solium). It is a pork tapeworm that creates cysts in different areas of the body."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_2.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_3.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/>
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</div><div><span>Cysticercosis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Cysticercosis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Cysticercosis is an infection by a parasite called <em>Taenia solium</em> (<em>T solium</em>). It is a pork tapeworm that creates <a test="test" href="./003240.htm">cysts</a> in different areas of the body.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Cysticercosis is caused by swallowing eggs from <em>T solium</em>. The eggs are found in contaminated food. Autoinfection is when a person who is already infected with adult <em>T solium</em> swallows its eggs. This occurs due to <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000972.htm">improper hand washing</a> after a bowel movement (fecal-oral transmission).</p><p>Risk factors include eating pork, fruits, and vegetables contaminated with <em>T solium</em> as a result of undercooking or <a test="test" href="./001652.htm">improper food preparation</a>. The disease can also be spread by contact with infected feces.</p><p>The disease is rare in the United States. It is common in many developing countries.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Most often, the worms stay in muscles and do not cause symptoms.</p><p>Symptoms occur depending on where the infection is found in the body:</p><ul><li>Brain -- <a test="test" href="./003200.htm">seizures</a> or symptoms similar to those of a <a test="test" href="./007222.htm">brain tumor</a></li><li>Eyes -- decreased vision or blindness</li><li>Heart -- <a test="test" href="./001101.htm">abnormal heart rhythms</a> or <a test="test" href="./000158.htm">heart failure</a> (rare)</li><li>Spine -- weakness or changes in walking due to damage to nerves in the spine</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li>Blood tests to detect <a test="test" href="./002223.htm">antibodies</a> to the parasite</li><li><a test="test" href="./003416.htm">Biopsy</a> of the affected area
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</li><li><a test="test" href="./003330.htm">CT</a> scan, <a test="test" href="./003335.htm">MRI</a> scan, or <a test="test" href="./003337.htm">x-rays</a> to detect the lesion</li><li>Spinal tap (lumbar puncture)</li><li>Test in which an ophthalmologist looks inside the eye</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment may involve:</p><ul><li>Medicines to kill the parasites, such as albendazole or praziquantel</li><li>Powerful anti-inflammatories (steroids) to reduce swelling</li></ul><p>If the cyst is in the eye or brain, steroids should be started a few days before other medicines to avoid problems caused by swelling during antiparasitic treatment. Not all people benefit from antiparasitic treatment.</p><p>Sometimes, surgery may be needed to remove the infected area.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outlook is good, unless the lesion has caused blindness, heart failure, or brain damage. These are rare complications.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Blindness, decreased vision</li><li>Heart failure or abnormal heart rhythm</li><li><a test="test" href="./001571.htm">Hydrocephalus</a> (fluid buildup in part of the brain, often with increased pressure)</li><li>Seizures</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>If you have any symptoms of cysticercosis, contact your health care provider.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Avoid unwashed foods, do not eat uncooked foods while traveling, and always wash fruits and vegetables well.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8710t.jpg" alt="Digestive system organs" title="Digestive system organs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8710.htm">Digestive system organs</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>White AC, Brunetti E. Cestodes. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine.</em> 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 325.</p><p>White AC, Cabada MM, Fischer PR. Cysticercosis. In: Kliegman RM, St. Geme JW, Blum NJ, Shah SS, Tasker RC, Wilson KM, eds. <em>Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics.</em> 22nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2025:chap 349.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 12/31/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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