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</div><div><span>Interstitial nephritis</span></div></div>
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Interstitial nephritis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Interstitial nephritis is a kidney disorder in which the spaces between the kidney tubules become swollen (inflamed). This can cause problems with the way your kidneys work.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Interstitial nephritis may be temporary (<a test="test" href="./002215.htm">acute</a>), or it may be long-lasting (<a test="test" href="./002312.htm">chronic</a>) and get worse over time.</p><p>The acute form of interstitial nephritis is most often a side effect of certain drugs.</p><p>The following can cause interstitial nephritis:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000005.htm">Allergic reaction</a> to a drug (acute interstitial allergic nephritis).</li><li>Autoimmune disorders, such as anti-tubular basement membrane disease or <a test="test" href="./000989.htm">Kawasaki disease</a>.</li><li>Infections.</li><li>Long-term use of medicines such as acetaminophen (Tylenol), aspirin, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). This is called <a test="test" href="./000482.htm">analgesic nephropathy</a>.</li><li>Side effect of certain antibiotics such as penicillin, ampicillin, methicillin, and sulfonamide medicines.</li><li>Side effect of other medicines such as furosemide, thiazide diuretics, omeprazole, triamterene, and allopurinol.</li><li>Too little potassium in your blood.</li><li>Too much calcium or uric acid in your blood. </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Interstitial nephritis can cause mild to severe kidney problems, including <a test="test" href="./000501.htm">acute kidney failure</a>. In about half of cases, people will have <a test="test" href="./003147.htm">decreased urine output</a> and other signs of acute kidney failure.</p><p>Symptoms of this condition may include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003138.htm">Blood in the urine</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a></li><li>Increased or <a test="test" href="./003147.htm">decreased urine output</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003205.htm">Mental status changes</a> (<a test="test" href="./003208.htm">drowsiness</a>, <a test="test" href="./003205.htm">confusion</a>, <a test="test" href="./003202.htm">coma</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003117.htm">Nausea</a>, <a test="test" href="./003117.htm">vomiting</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003220.htm">Rash</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003103.htm">Swelling</a> of any area of body</li><li><a test="test" href="./003084.htm">Weight gain</a> (from retaining fluid)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will perform a physical exam. This may reveal:</p><ul><li>Abnormal lung or heart sounds</li><li><a test="test" href="./000468.htm">High blood pressure</a></li><li>Fluid in the lungs (<a test="test" href="./000140.htm">pulmonary edema</a>)</li></ul><p>Common tests include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003468.htm">Blood chemistry</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003474.htm">BUN</a> and blood <a test="test" href="./003475.htm">creatinine</a> levels</li><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003907.htm">Kidney biopsy</a></li><li>Kidney ultrasound</li><li><a test="test" href="./003579.htm">Urinalysis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment depends on the cause of the problem. Avoiding medicines that lead to this condition may quickly relieve symptoms.</p><p>Limiting <a test="test" href="../patientinstructions/000109.htm">salt</a> and fluid in the diet can improve swelling and high blood pressure. Limiting <a test="test" href="./002467.htm">protein</a> in the diet can help control the buildup of waste products in the blood (<a test="test" href="./000508.htm">azotemia</a>), which can lead to symptoms of acute kidney failure.</p><p>If dialysis is necessary, it usually is required for only a short time.</p><p>Corticosteroids or stronger anti-inflammatory medicines such as cyclophosphamide can sometimes be helpful.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Most often, interstitial nephritis is a short-term disorder. In rare cases, it can cause permanent damage, including long-term (chronic) kidney failure.</p><p>Acute interstitial nephritis may be more severe and more likely to lead to long-term or permanent <a test="test" href="./001065.htm">kidney damage</a> in older people.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p><a test="test" href="./000335.htm">Metabolic acidosis</a> can occur because the kidneys aren't able to remove enough acid. The disorder can lead to acute or <a test="test" href="./000471.htm">chronic kidney failure</a> or <a test="test" href="./000500.htm">end-stage kidney disease</a>.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of interstitial nephritis.</p><p>If you have interstitial nephritis, contact your provider if you get new symptoms, especially if you are less alert or have a decrease in urine output.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Often, the disorder can't be prevented. Avoiding or reducing your use of medicines that can cause this condition can help reduce your risk. If needed, your provider will tell you which medicines to stop or reduce.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Tubulointerstitial nephritis; Nephritis - interstitial; Acute interstitial (allergic) nephritis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1101t.jpg" alt="Kidney anatomy" title="Kidney anatomy" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1101.htm">Kidney anatomy</a></li>
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Ghossein C, Neilson EG. Interstitial nephritis. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 108.</p><p>Perazella MA, Rosner MH. Tubulointerstitial diseases. In: Yu ASL, Chertow GM, Luyckx VA, Marsden PA, Skorecki K, Taal MW, eds. <em>Brenner and Rector's The Kidney</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 35.</p><p>Tanaka T, Nangaku M. Chronic interstitial nephritis. In: Johnson RJ, Floege J, Tonelli M, eds. <em>Comprehensive Clinical Nephrology</em>. 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 65.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 8/28/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Walead Latif, MD, Nephrologist and Clinical Associate Professor, Rutgers Medical School, Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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