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</div><div><span>Fungal arthritis</span></div></div>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Fungal arthritis is <a test="test" href="./003103.htm">swelling</a> and irritation (inflammation) of a joint by a fungal infection. It is also called mycotic arthritis.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Fungal arthritis is a rare condition. It can be caused by any of the invasive types of fungi. The infection can result from an infection in another organ, such as the lungs and travel to a joint through the bloodstream. A joint can also become infected during a surgery. People with weakened immune systems who travel or live in areas where the fungi are common, are more susceptible to most causes of fungal arthritis.</p><p>Conditions that can cause fungal arthritis include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./000102.htm">Blastomycosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001511.htm">Candidiasis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001322.htm">Coccidioidomycosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001328.htm">Cryptococcosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001082.htm">Histoplasmosis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./001338.htm">Sporotrichosis</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The fungus can affect bone or joint tissue. One or more joints can be affected, most often the large, weight-bearing joints, such as the knees.</p><p>Symptoms may include any of the following:</p><ul><li>Fever</li><li><a test="test" href="./003261.htm">Joint pain</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003261.htm">Joint stiffness</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003262.htm">Joint swelling</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003104.htm">Swelling of the ankles, feet, and legs</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Your health care provider will examine you.</p><p>Tests that may be ordered include:</p><ul><li>Removal of joint fluid to look for fungus under a microscope</li><li><a test="test" href="./003742.htm">Culture of joint fluid</a> to look for fungus</li><li><a test="test" href="./003810.htm">Joint x-ray</a> that may show joint changes</li><li>Positive antibody test (serology) for fungal disease</li><li><a test="test" href="./003922.htm">Synovial biopsy</a> showing fungus </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goal of treatment is to cure the infection using antifungal medicines. Commonly used antifungal medicines are amphotericin B or medicines in the azole family (fluconazole, ketoconazole, or itraconazole).</p><p>
Chronic or advanced bone or joint infection may require surgery (debridement) to remove the infected tissue.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>How well you do depends on the underlying cause of the infection and your overall health. A weakened immune system, cancer, and certain medicines can affect the outcome.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Joint damage may occur and the risk of damage is higher if the infection is not treated right away.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider for an appointment if you have any symptoms of fungal arthritis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Thorough treatment of fungal infections elsewhere in the body may help prevent fungal arthritis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Mycotic arthritis; Infectious arthritis - fungal</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/19399t.jpg" alt="The structure of a joint" title="The structure of a joint" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/19399.htm">The structure of a joint</a></li>
<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/8811t.jpg" alt="Shoulder joint inflammation" title="Shoulder joint inflammation" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/8811.htm">Shoulder joint inflammation</a></li>
<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9485t.jpg" alt="Fungus" title="Fungus" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9485.htm">Fungus</a></li>
</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Ohl CA. Infectious arthritis of native joints. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 103.</p><p>Ruderman EM, Flaherty JP. Fungal infections of bones and joints. In: Firestein GS, Budd RC, Gabriel SE, Koretzky GA, McInnes IB, O'Dell JR, eds. <em>Firestein and Kelley's Textbook of Rheumatology</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 119.</p></div></div></section>
<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 12/31/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jatin M. Vyas, MD, PhD, Associate Professor in Medicine, Harvard Medical School; Associate in Medicine, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team. </p>
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<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/infectiousarthritis.html">Infectious Arthritis</a></li>
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