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</div><div><span>Urethritis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Urethritis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Urethritis is inflammation (swelling and irritation) of the urethra. The urethra is the tube that carries urine from the body.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Both bacteria and viruses may cause urethritis. Some of the bacteria that cause this condition include <em>E coli, </em><a test="test" href="./001345.htm">chlamydia</a>, and <a test="test" href="./007267.htm">gonorrhea</a>. These bacteria also cause <a test="test" href="./000521.htm">urinary tract infections</a> (UTIs) and some sexually transmitted diseases. Viral causes are <a test="test" href="./000857.htm">herpes simplex virus</a> and cytomegalovirus.</p><p>Other causes include:</p><ul><li>Injury</li><li>Sensitivity to the chemicals used in spermicides, contraceptive jellies, or foams </li></ul><p>Sometimes the cause is unknown.</p><p>Risks for urethritis include:</p><ul><li>Being a female</li><li>Being male, ages 20 to 35</li><li>Having many sexual partners</li><li>High-risk sexual behavior (such as men having penetrating anal sex without a condom)</li><li>History of sexually transmitted diseases </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>In men:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003163.htm">Blood in the urine or semen</a></li><li>Burning pain while urinating (<a test="test" href="./003145.htm">dysuria</a>)</li><li>Discharge from penis</li><li>Fever (rare)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003140.htm">Frequent or urgent urination</a></li><li>Itching, tenderness, or swelling in penis</li><li>Enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area</li><li>Pain with intercourse or ejaculation </li></ul><p>In women:</p><ul><li>Abdominal pain</li><li>Burning pain while urinating</li><li>Fever and chills</li><li>Frequent or urgent urination</li><li>Pelvic pain</li><li>Pain with intercourse</li><li>Vaginal discharge </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will examine you. In men, the exam will include the abdomen, bladder area, penis, and scrotum. The physical exam may show:</p><ul><li>Discharge from the penis</li><li>Tender and enlarged lymph nodes in the groin area</li><li>Tender and swollen penis </li></ul><p>A <a test="test" href="./007069.htm">digital rectal exam</a> will also be performed.</p><p>Women will have abdominal and pelvic exams. The provider will check for:</p><ul><li>Discharge from the urethra</li><li>Tenderness of the lower abdomen</li><li>Tenderness of the urethra</li></ul><p>The following tests may be done:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003642.htm">Complete blood count</a> (CBC)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003356.htm">C-reactive protein test</a></li><li>Cystoscopy (examination of the urethra and bladder with a camera)</li><li>Pelvic <a test="test" href="./003336.htm">ultrasound</a> (women only)</li><li>Pregnancy test (women only)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003579.htm">Urinalysis</a> and urine cultures</li><li>Tests for <a test="test" href="./007267.htm">gonorrhea</a>, <a test="test" href="./001345.htm">chlamydia</a>, and other sexually transmitted illnesses (STI)</li><li>Urethral swab</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The goals of treatment are to:</p><ul><li>Get rid of the cause of infection</li><li>Improve symptoms</li><li>Prevent the spread of infection </li></ul><p>If you have a bacterial infection, you will be given antibiotics.</p><p>You may take both pain relievers for general body pain and products for localized urinary tract pain, plus antibiotics.</p><p>People with urethritis who are being treated should avoid sex, or use condoms during sex. Your sexual partner must also be treated if the condition is caused by an infection.</p><p>Urethritis caused by trauma or chemical irritants is treated by avoiding the source of injury or irritation.</p><p>Urethritis that does not clear up after antibiotic treatment and lasts for at least 6 weeks is called chronic urethritis. Different antibiotics may be used to treat this problem.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>With the correct diagnosis and treatment, urethritis most often clears up without further problems. </p><p>However, urethritis can lead to long-term damage to the urethra and scar tissue called a <a test="test" href="./001271.htm">urethral stricture</a>. It can also cause damage to other urinary organs in both men and women. In women, the infection could lead to fertility problems if it spreads to the pelvis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Men with urethritis are at risk for the following:</p><ul><li>Bladder infection (<a test="test" href="./000521.htm">cystitis</a>)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001279.htm">Epididymitis</a></li><li>Infection in the testicles (<a test="test" href="./001280.htm">orchitis</a>)</li><li>Prostate infection (prostatitis) </li></ul><p>After a severe infection, the urethra may become scarred and then narrowed.</p><p>Women with urethritis are at risk for the following:</p><ul><li>Bladder infection (cystitis)</li><li><a test="test" href="./001495.htm">Cervicitis</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000888.htm">Pelvic inflammatory disease</a> (PID -- an infection of the uterus lining, fallopian tubes, or ovaries) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Contact your provider if you have symptoms of urethritis.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Things you can do to help avoid urethritis include:</p><ul><li>Keep the area around the opening of the urethra clean.</li><li>Follow safer sex practices. Have one sexual partner only (monogamy) and use condoms.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Urethral syndrome; NGU; Non-gonococcal urethritis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Babu TM, Urban MA, Augenbraun MH. Urethritis. In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases</em>. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 107.</p><p>Swygard H, Cohen MS. Approach to the patient with a sexually transmitted infection. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 264.</p></div></div></section>
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