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</div><div><span>Alcoholic ketoacidosis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Alcoholic ketoacidosis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Alcoholic ketoacidosis is the buildup of ketones in the blood due to alcohol use. Ketones are a type of acid that form when the body breaks down fat for energy.</p><p>The condition is an <a test="test" href="./002215.htm">acute</a> form of <a test="test" href="./000335.htm">metabolic acidosis</a>, a condition in which there is too much acid in body fluids.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Alcoholic ketoacidosis is caused by very heavy alcohol use. It most often occurs in a <a test="test" href="./000404.htm">malnourished</a> person who drinks large amounts of alcohol every day.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms of alcoholic ketoacidosis include:</p><ul><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Abdominal pain</li><li><a test="test" href="./003212.htm">Agitation</a>, <a test="test" href="./003205.htm">confusion</a></li><li>Changed level of alertness, which may lead to coma</li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a>, slow movements</li><li>Deep, labored, <a test="test" href="./003071.htm">rapid breathing</a></li><li>Loss of appetite</li><li>Symptoms of <a test="test" href="./000982.htm">dehydration</a>, such as dizziness, lightheadedness, and thirst</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>Tests may include:</p><ul><li>Arterial <a test="test" href="./003855.htm">blood gases</a> (measures the acid/base balance and oxygen level in blood)</li><li>Blood alcohol level</li><li>Blood chemistries and liver function tests</li><li>CBC (complete blood count), measures red and white blood cells, and platelets, which help blood to clot</li><li>Prothrombin time (PT), measures blood clotting, often abnormal from liver disease</li><li>Toxicology study (checking for other poisons in your body)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003585.htm">Urine ketones</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment may involve fluids (salt and sugar solution) given through a vein. You may need to have frequent blood tests. You may get vitamin supplements to treat malnutrition caused by excessive alcohol use.</p><p>People with this condition are usually admitted to the hospital, often to the intensive care unit (ICU). Alcohol use is stopped to help recovery. Medicines may be given to prevent <a test="test" href="./000764.htm">alcohol withdrawal</a> symptoms. </p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>Prompt medical attention improves the overall outlook. How severe the alcohol use is, and the presence of liver disease or other problems, may also affect the outlook.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>This can be a life-threatening condition. Complications may include:</p><ul><li>Coma and seizures</li><li><a test="test" href="./003133.htm">Gastrointestinal bleeding</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./000287.htm">Inflamed pancreas</a> (pancreatitis)</li><li><a test="test" href="./000145.htm">Pneumonia</a></li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>If you or someone else has symptoms of alcoholic ketoacidosis, seek emergency medical help.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Limiting the amount of alcohol you drink will help prevent this condition.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Ketoacidosis - alcoholic; Alcohol use - alcoholic ketoacidosis</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Finnell JT. Alcohol-related disease. In: Walls RM, ed. <em>Rosen's Emergency Medicine: Concepts and Clinical Practice</em>. 10th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:chap 137.</p><p>O'Connor PG. Alcohol use disorders. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 30.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 6/12/2023</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<div id="section-version" class="section-body"><p>Updated by: Jacob Berman, MD, MPH, Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine, Division of General Internal Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA. Also reviewed by David C. Dugdale, MD, Medical Director, Brenda Conaway, Editorial Director, and the A.D.A.M. Editorial team.</p>
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