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</div><div><span>Pancreatic pseudocyst</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Pancreatic pseudocyst</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>A pancreatic pseudocyst is a fluid-filled sac in the abdomen that arises from the pancreas. It may also contain tissue from the pancreas, enzymes, and blood.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>The pancreas is an organ located behind the stomach. It produces chemicals (called enzymes) needed to digest food. It also produces the hormones insulin and glucagon.</p><p>Pancreatic pseudocysts most often develop after an episode of severe pancreatitis. <a test="test" href="./000287.htm">Pancreatitis</a> happens when your pancreas gets inflamed. There are many causes of this problem.</p><p>This problem may sometimes occur:</p><ul><li>In someone with long-term (chronic) <a test="test" href="./000221.htm">swelling of the pancreas</a> (pancreatitis), most often due to alcohol abuse</li><li>After trauma to the belly, more often in children</li></ul><p>The pseudocyst happens when the ducts (tubes) in the pancreas are damaged and fluid with enzymes cannot drain.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>Symptoms can occur within days to months after an attack of pancreatitis. They include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003123.htm">Bloating of the abdomen</a></li><li>Constant pain or deep ache in the abdomen, which may also be felt in the back</li><li>Nausea and vomiting</li><li>Loss of appetite</li><li>Difficulty eating and digesting food</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will feel your abdomen for a pseudocyst. It will feel like a lump in the middle or left upper abdomen.</p><p>Tests that may help detect pancreatic pseudocyst include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003789.htm">Abdominal CT scan</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003796.htm">Abdominal MRI</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003777.htm">Abdominal ultrasound</a></li><li>Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>Treatment depends on the size of the pseudocyst and whether it is causing symptoms. Many pseudocysts go away on their own. Those that remain for more than 6 weeks and are larger than 5 centimeters (about 2 inches) in diameter may need treatment. However, size and duration do not always mean treatment is needed, especially in a person without any symptoms and whose pseudocyst is not getting bigger.</p><p>Possible treatments include:</p><ul><li>Drainage through the skin using a needle, most often guided by a CT scan.</li><li><a test="test" href="./002360.htm">Endoscopic</a>-assisted drainage using an endoscope. In this, a tube containing a camera and a light is passed down into the stomach).</li><li>Surgical drainage of the pseudocyst. A connection is made between the cyst and the stomach or small intestine. This may be done using a laparoscope.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>The outcome is generally good with treatment. It is important to make sure that it is not a pancreatic cancer that starts in a cyst, which has a worse outcome.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications may include:</p><ul><li>A <a test="test" href="./000270.htm">pancreatic abscess</a> can develop if the pseudocyst becomes infected.</li><li>The pseudocyst can break open (rupture). This can be a serious complication because <a test="test" href="./000039.htm">shock</a> and excess bleeding (hemorrhage) may develop.</li><li>The pseudocyst may press down on (compress) nearby organs.</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>If you are known to have a pseudocyst, rupture of the pseudocyst is a medical emergency. Go to the emergency room or call 911 or the local emergency number if you develop symptoms of bleeding or shock, such as:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003092.htm">Fainting</a></li><li>Fever and chills</li><li><a test="test" href="./003081.htm">Rapid heartbeat</a></li><li>Severe abdominal pain </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>The way to prevent pancreatic pseudocysts is by preventing pancreatitis. If pancreatitis is caused by <a test="test" href="./000273.htm">gallstones</a>, the provider will perform surgery to remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomy). </p><p>When pancreatitis occurs due to alcohol abuse, you must stop drinking alcohol to prevent future attacks.</p><p>When pancreatitis occurs due to high blood triglycerides, this condition should be treated.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Pancreatitis - pseudocyst</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Forsmark CE. Pancreatitis. In: Goldman L, Cooney KA, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine</em>. 27th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:chap 130.</p><p>Javed AA, Lafaro KJ. Pancreas: Management of pancreatic pseudocyst. In: Cameron J, ed. <em>Current Surgical Therapy</em>. 14th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2023:539-650.</p><p>Van Buren G, Fisher WE. Acute and chronic pancreatitis. In: Kellerman RD, Rakel DP, Heidelbaugh JJ, Lee EM, eds. <em>Conn's Current Therapy 2024</em>. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2024:175-182.</p><p>Vege SS. Acute pancreatitis. In: Feldman M, Friedman LS, Brandt LJ, eds.<em> Sleisenger and Fordtran's Gastrointestinal and Liver Disease: Pathophysiology/Diagnosis/Management</em>. 11th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2021:chap 58.</p></div></div></section>
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