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<link rel="alternative" hreflang="en" href="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000088.htm"/><meta property="og:title" content="Psittacosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000088.htm"/><meta property="twitter:title" content="Psittacosis: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="description" content="Psittacosis is an infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, a type of bacteria found in the droppings of birds. Birds spread the infection to humans."/><meta itemprop="description" name="description" content="Psittacosis is an infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, a type of bacteria found in the droppings of birds. Birds spread the infection to humans."/><meta property="og:description" content="Psittacosis is an infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, a type of bacteria found in the droppings of birds. Birds spread the infection to humans."/><meta property="twitter:description" content="Psittacosis is an infection caused by Chlamydophila psittaci, a type of bacteria found in the droppings of birds. Birds spread the infection to humans."/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_2.jpg"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_3.jpg"/><meta property="twitter:image" content="https://medlineplus.gov/images/share_ency_1.jpg"/>
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</div><div><span>Psittacosis</span></div></div>
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<article><div id="d-article"><div class="page-info"><div class="page-title"><a name="start" id="start">
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</a><h1 class="with-also" itemprop="name">Psittacosis</h1>
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</noscript></div><div class="main"><div id="ency_summary"><p>Psittacosis is an infection caused by <em>Chlamydophila psittaci,</em> a type of bacteria found in the droppings of birds. Birds spread the infection to humans.</p></div><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Causes</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-1" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-1"><p>Psittacosis infection develops when you breathe in (inhale) the bacteria. People between 30 to 60 years are commonly affected.</p><p>People at high risk for this disease include:</p><ul><li>Bird owners</li><li>Pet shop employees</li><li>People who work in poultry processing plants</li><li>Veterinarians</li></ul><p>Typical birds involved are parrots, parakeets, and budgerigars, although other birds have also caused the disease.</p><p>Psittacosis is a rare disease. Very few cases are reported each year in the United States.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Symptoms</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-2" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-2"><p>The incubation period of psittacosis is 5 to 15 days. The incubation period is the time it takes for symptoms to appear after being exposed to the bacteria.</p><p>Symptoms may include:</p><ul><li>Blood-tinged sputum</li><li>Dry <a test="test" href="./003072.htm">cough</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003088.htm">Fatigue</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003090.htm">Fever</a> and chills</li><li><a test="test" href="./003024.htm">Headache</a></li><li>Joint aches</li><li><a test="test" href="./003178.htm">Muscle aches</a> (most often in the head and neck)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003075.htm">Shortness of breath</a></li><li>Diarrhea</li><li>Swelling in the back of the throat (pharyngitis)</li><li>Swelling of the liver</li><li>Confusion </li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Exams and Tests</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-3" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-3"><p>The health care provider will hear abnormal lung sounds such as crackles and decreased breath sounds when listening to the chest with a stethoscope.</p><p>Tests that may be done include:</p><ul><li><a test="test" href="./003333.htm">Antibody titer</a> (rising titer over time is a sign of infection)</li><li><a test="test" href="./003744.htm">Blood culture</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003723.htm">Sputum culture</a></li><li><a test="test" href="./003804.htm">X-ray of the chest</a></li><li>Complete blood count</li><li>CT scan of the chest</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Treatment</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-4" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-4"><p>The infection is treated with antibiotics. Doxycycline is used first. Other antibiotics that may be given include:</p><ul><li>Macrolides</li><li>Fluoroquinolones</li><li>Other tetracycline antibiotics</li></ul><p><strong>Note</strong>: Tetracycline and doxycycline by mouth are usually not given to children until after all their permanent teeth have started to grow in, because they can permanently discolor teeth that are still forming. These medicines are also not given to pregnant women. Other antibiotics are used in these situations.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Outlook (Prognosis)</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-5" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-5"><p>A full recovery is expected if you do not have any other conditions that affect your health.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Possible Complications</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-6" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-6"><p>Complications of psittacosis may include:</p><ul><li>Brain involvement</li><li>Decreased lung function as a result of the pneumonia</li><li>Heart valve infection</li><li>Inflammation of the liver (<a test="test" href="./001154.htm">hepatitis</a>)</li></ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>When to Contact a Medical Professional</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-7" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-7"><p>Antibiotics are needed to treat this infection. If you develop symptoms of psittacosis, call your provider.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Prevention</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-8" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-8"><p>Avoid exposure to birds that may carry these bacteria, such as parrots. Medical problems that lead to a weak immune system increase your risk for this disease and should be treated appropriately.</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Alternative Names</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Alt" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Alt"><p>Ornithosis; Parrot pneumonia</p></div></div></section><section><div class="section sec-mb"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Images</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-tnails" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/1103t.jpg" alt="Lungs" title="Lungs" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/1103.htm">Lungs</a></li>
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<li><img src="//medlineplus.gov/ency/images/ency/tnails/9248t.jpg" alt="Respiratory system" title="Respiratory system" class="side-img"/><a href="../imagepages/9248.htm">Respiratory system</a></li>
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</ul></div></div></section><section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>References</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-Ref" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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</div></div><div class="section-body" id="section-Ref"><p>Geisler WM. Diseases caused by chlamydiae. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. <em>Goldman-Cecil Medicine.</em> 26th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 302.</p><p>Schlossberg D. Psittacosis (due to <em>Chlamydia psittaci</em>). In: Bennett JE, Dolin R, Blaser MJ, eds. <em>Mandell, Douglas, and Bennett's Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. </em>Schlossberg D. 9th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2020:chap 181.</p></div></div></section>
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<section><div class="section"><div class="section-header"><div class="section-title"><h2>Review Date 7/31/2022</h2></div><div class="section-button"><button type="submit" aria-controls="section-version" role="button" title="Expand/Collapse section"><span class="icon icon-section-action">
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