1770 lines
181 KiB
HTML
1770 lines
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<meta name="description" content="John B. Calhoun Film 7.1 DATE: 1970-1972 LENGTH: 38 min (edited version) PRODUCER/PUBLISHER: National Institute of Mental Health, Time-Life Broadcasting CATEGORY: Research & Documentation, Sound, Color 00:00:00 - 00:00:17 [7-58* Color 1970-1972 Interview with Calhoun and Introduction of S102 Mice into Universes of Studies 122,123 CA 110 Minutes] [58* Part 1 Color/Sound 1972, Fall Univ.…" />
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<h1 class="page-title">Transcripts—John B. Calhoun Film 7.1</h1> </header><!-- .page-header -->
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<p><a class="video-title" href="https://medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/portfolio/1770/">John B. Calhoun Film 7.1</a><a class="video-thumb" href="https://medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/portfolio/1770/"><img data-recalc-dims="1" decoding="async" data-attachment-id="1809" data-permalink="https://medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/portfolio/1770/john-calhoun-2/" data-orig-file="https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?fit=625%2C480&ssl=1" data-orig-size="625,480" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="John-Calhoun" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?fit=300%2C230&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?fit=625%2C480&ssl=1" class="alignnone wp-image-1809" src="https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?resize=200%2C154&ssl=1" alt="John Calhoun" width="200" height="154" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?resize=300%2C230&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?resize=500%2C384&ssl=1 500w, https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/John-Calhoun.jpg?w=625&ssl=1 625w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></a></p>
|
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<div class="video-meta">
|
||
<p><strong>DATE: </strong>1970-1972<br />
|
||
<strong>LENGTH: </strong>38 min (edited version)<br />
|
||
<strong>PRODUCER/PUBLISHER: </strong>National Institute of Mental Health, Time-Life Broadcasting<br />
|
||
<strong>CATEGORY: </strong>Research & Documentation, Sound, Color</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div id="__essay" class="sec">
|
||
<div class="clearfloatleft"></div>
|
||
<hr />
|
||
<p>00:00:00 – 00:00:17<br />
|
||
[7-58* Color 1970-1972 Interview with Calhoun and Introduction of S102 Mice into Universes of Studies 122,123 CA 110 Minutes]</p>
|
||
<p>[58* Part 1 Color/Sound 1972, Fall Univ. 25, Study 102 McGraw-Hill Interview Scenes Include Last Survivors CA 5 minutes]</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:17 – 00:00:22<br />
|
||
[Narrator:] Two and a half years ago, we found Dr. John Calhoun knee-deep in mice,</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:22 – 00:00:28<br />
|
||
in the mouse heaven he designed for the National Institute of Mental Health’s Animal Center near Washington.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:28 – 00:00:32<br />
|
||
Dr. Calhoun wanted to find out what would happen to a mouse colony</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:32 – 00:00:35<br />
|
||
given everything mice need except living space.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:35 – 00:00:37<br />
|
||
The result was chilling.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:37 – 00:00:42<br />
|
||
Two and a half years ago, more than two thousand mice were packed into Mouse City.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:42 – 00:00:47<br />
|
||
Today, a tiny handful of survivors huddles in one corner of the city.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:47 – 00:00:52<br />
|
||
Dr. Calhoun explains what the overcrowding did to Mouse City’s inhabitants.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:52 – 00:00:59<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] The last thousand animals born never learned to develop the social behaviors.</p>
|
||
<p>00:00:59 – 00:01:04<br />
|
||
They never learned to be aggressive, which is necessary in defense of home sites.</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:04 – 00:01:09<br />
|
||
They never learned to court; there was no mating.</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:09 – 00:01:17<br />
|
||
Being no mating, there were no progeny and the older animals uhh, whose behavior</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:17 – 00:01:23<br />
|
||
is already becoming disrupted, they eventually reach to, an age too old to reproduce.</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:23 – 00:01:31<br />
|
||
And so it was all left up to these last thousand or so, who we call the beautiful ones,</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:31 – 00:01:38<br />
|
||
because, not engaging in any stressful activity and only paying attention to themselves,</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:38 – 00:01:43<br />
|
||
they groomed themselves well so they look uh, very fine specimen.</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:43 – 00:01:50<br />
|
||
But from that point on, which was about the time that you were here two and a half years ago,</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:50 – 00:01:55<br />
|
||
this reproduction totally ceased and the animals have just aged and died.</p>
|
||
<p>00:01:55 – 00:02:01<br />
|
||
[Narrator:] At least one human group, the Ik tribe discovered in Africa by Dr. Colin Turnbull</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:01 – 00:02:06<br />
|
||
has gone through a similar, terrible process, according to Dr. Calhoun.</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:06 – 00:02:12<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Two conditions that they went through was that there was a decision on</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:12 – 00:02:19<br />
|
||
on the then-colonial government to make a wildlife preserve of this big valley</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:19 – 00:02:22<br />
|
||
which was their home, they’re hunter-gatherers.</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:22 – 00:02:28<br />
|
||
They were moved up onto the mountain side and gathered together in much higher density.</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:28 – 00:02:33<br />
|
||
Instead of being spread out in small groups, they were all placed in one place,</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:33 – 00:02:37<br />
|
||
and also required to engage in an entirely different way of life,</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:37 – 00:02:40<br />
|
||
in which their social roles, the whole…</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:40 – 00:02:44<br />
|
||
everything they’d learned how to do had no meaning.</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:44 – 00:02:50<br />
|
||
Under those conditions, the social behavior broke down.</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:50 – 00:02:54<br />
|
||
They began living, they still lived together</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:54 – 00:02:59<br />
|
||
but their activities were directed towards themselves.</p>
|
||
<p>00:02:59 – 00:03:02<br />
|
||
Everything you would think that’s human disappeared.</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:02 – 00:03:08<br />
|
||
[Narrator:] Perhaps the most chilling conclusion from his Mouse City studies, says Dr. Calhoun</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:08 – 00:03:14<br />
|
||
is that once this change in social behavior occurs, it apparently cannot be reversed.</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:14 – 00:03:23<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] It’s this fact of apparent irreversible phase shifts that gives some of us</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:23 – 00:03:26<br />
|
||
particular concern over the fate of the human situation.</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:26 – 00:03:35<br />
|
||
Because we see worldwide, the breaking down of social roles, the increase in contact</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:35 – 00:03:39<br />
|
||
will result in the breakdown of social roles, because there are too many people.</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:39 – 00:03:47<br />
|
||
This might lead to an overriding of our controls of our total culture and would be</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:47 – 00:03:53<br />
|
||
set into a process which would either fix us rigidly forever into some sort of</p>
|
||
<p>00:03:53 – 00:04:00<br />
|
||
global tribalism without any adaptation to change,</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:00 – 00:04:07<br />
|
||
or there would result, perhaps eventually, some decline very much like we’ve seen here,</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:07 – 00:04:10<br />
|
||
but postponed somewhat.</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:10 – 00:04:17<br />
|
||
[Narrator:] Dr. John B. Calhoun, with a very sobering look at a possible future for us.</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:17 – 00:04:24<br />
|
||
Bill Roberts from the National Institute of Mental Health Animal Center near Washington.</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:24 – 00:04:29<br />
|
||
[59* Part 1(CONTD) Color 1970 April 1 caUDN:892 Univ. 25, Study 102,</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:29 – 00:04:35<br />
|
||
Carl Coleman, Time-Life Interview, CA 30 Minutes]</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:35 – 00:04:46<br />
|
||
[Background sounds and voices]</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:46 – 00:04:50<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] Dr. Calhoun why do we have to make decisions now</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:50 – 00:04:52<br />
|
||
on our population control?</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:52 – 00:04:56<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Well, the population’s a very interesting one.</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:56 – 00:04:59<br />
|
||
There’s a lot of talk about a population explosion.</p>
|
||
<p>00:04:59 – 00:05:04<br />
|
||
Well, there’s no population explosion, at least not quite yet, and never has been,</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:04 – 00:05:10<br />
|
||
or you might say there’s always been a population explosion.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:10 – 00:05:15<br />
|
||
If we go back to about forty-thousand years ago, uhh there were perhaps</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:15 – 00:05:17<br />
|
||
four and a half million people on earth.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:17 – 00:05:21<br />
|
||
It had been not…many fewer than this for the previous</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:21 – 00:05:25<br />
|
||
two million years of man’s evolution.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:25 – 00:05:29<br />
|
||
And then suddenly the numbers began to increase,</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:29 – 00:05:35<br />
|
||
and perhaps a little crude drawing here will uhh show this.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:35 – 00:05:38<br />
|
||
These are in millions now.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:38 – 00:05:47<br />
|
||
And this is one, ten, a hundred million, one billion, and we go up above here.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:47 – 00:05:56<br />
|
||
And if we take a time scale here, an inverse log, we go back to a hundred thousand years ago.</p>
|
||
<p>00:05:56 – 00:06:01<br />
|
||
And we go back to, we’ll make this then to ten thousand years ago,</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:01 – 00:06:08<br />
|
||
to one thousand years ago, one thousand years ago.</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:08 – 00:06:16<br />
|
||
Then a hundred which is one-tenth, to one year, from sometime in the future.</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:16 – 00:06:23<br />
|
||
So these are in time, in thousands of years, and if we look at population growth</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:23 – 00:06:28<br />
|
||
in this way, starting back about forty thousand years ago..</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:28 – 00:06:36<br />
|
||
Population started at about here, has gone roughly on this direction.</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:36 – 00:06:44<br />
|
||
Now this is a rather complex curve, it’s the Von Foerster curve, but simply said, starting here</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:44 – 00:06:52<br />
|
||
at forty-thousand years ago, it took about twenty-thousand years umm about twenty-thousand years</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:52 – 00:06:56<br />
|
||
for the population to double.</p>
|
||
<p>00:06:56 – 00:07:01<br />
|
||
Then the next doubling required uhh about ten thousand years.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:01 – 00:07:06<br />
|
||
Then each doubling, five thousand years to the next doubling, twenty-five hundred and so on.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:06 – 00:07:08<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] What doubling are we in now, Doctor?</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:08 – 00:07:13<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] We’re in the tenth doubling and the eleventh doubling.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:13 – 00:07:15<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] Is that the final one?</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:15 – 00:07:18<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Well pretty near, it might be.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:18 – 00:07:27<br />
|
||
The final doubling, starting shortly after the next uh way up here.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:27 – 00:07:35<br />
|
||
We’re up in here, scale about right, uhh in which the world population might be of the order of…</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:35 – 00:07:44<br />
|
||
four and a half billion now, people, would require only twenty years to double.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:44 – 00:07:48<br />
|
||
So starting from twenty thousand years for the first doubling up to about twenty years,</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:48 – 00:07:53<br />
|
||
if this historical process continues.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:53 – 00:07:58<br />
|
||
So we’re back here a little ways from that, not very far from early in the next century.</p>
|
||
<p>00:07:58 – 00:08:03<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] Can it be mathematically projected, Doctor, on a calendar year perhaps</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:03 – 00:08:08<br />
|
||
when the population reaches the point where it outstrips our natural resources,</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:08 – 00:08:11<br />
|
||
our power supplies, our food supplies.</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:11 – 00:08:15<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] When you say mathematically this is what Von Foerster did…</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:15 – 00:08:21<br />
|
||
Projecting this age-old trend, not age-old, forty thousand years, rather short time.</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:21 – 00:08:26<br />
|
||
If this trend continued, you would have instantaneous doubling but we know</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:26 – 00:08:32<br />
|
||
that’s impossible, and thus the critical question is that something is going to happen,</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:32 – 00:08:36<br />
|
||
that man will be different from the start of man.</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:36 – 00:08:40<br />
|
||
And this is where man started about forty thousand years ago as a cultural animal.</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:40 – 00:08:46<br />
|
||
Not as a biological animal, he went considerably back in time below that.</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:46 – 00:08:50<br />
|
||
But if beginning this new process where he quote, now is the only animal</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:50 – 00:08:54<br />
|
||
who could really control his numbers, that is to keep enlarging them,</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:54 – 00:08:58<br />
|
||
which is increasing his own potentiality by so doing.</p>
|
||
<p>00:08:58 – 00:09:04<br />
|
||
And this is continued until now we hit a critical point here, where this process can’t continue.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:04 – 00:09:11<br />
|
||
And so from this time forty thousand years ago, to early in the next century,</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:11 – 00:09:15<br />
|
||
defines what we call man.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:15 – 00:09:20<br />
|
||
And man ends at this point, ’cause there are a lot of bodies around,</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:20 – 00:09:24<br />
|
||
he’s going to have to be something quite different than what he has been historically.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:24 – 00:09:28<br />
|
||
And so one thing that he could do and we’re certainly capable</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:28 – 00:09:31<br />
|
||
of doing it, is keep reproducing.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:31 – 00:09:34<br />
|
||
So that’s one choice.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:34 – 00:09:39<br />
|
||
And another choice that we have, early in the, which will have to be in effect</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:39 – 00:09:44<br />
|
||
by early in the next century, is if he can stabilize the population.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:44 – 00:09:48<br />
|
||
One, he can keep going not very much longer.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:48 – 00:09:52<br />
|
||
Above nine, well I haven’t got this, see.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:52 – 00:09:59<br />
|
||
This would have been at nine billion, I haven’t quite gotten my figures here to double to nine billion.</p>
|
||
<p>00:09:59 – 00:10:09<br />
|
||
This is the end point if we, if the number of children per adults</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:09 – 00:10:11<br />
|
||
continues as it’s been in the past,</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:11 – 00:10:17<br />
|
||
it would be about nine billion people at this point.</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:17 – 00:10:24<br />
|
||
If we begin slowing down so that the population can stabilize, which is the ecological model</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:24 – 00:10:30<br />
|
||
that we’ve tried to for wildlife management to maintain a stable population,</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:30 – 00:10:38<br />
|
||
then, with fewer children, we might keep the, at this level we have seven and a half billion.</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:38 – 00:10:41<br />
|
||
Another critical point here is how many adults.</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:41 – 00:10:47<br />
|
||
Ideally uhh, there should be, at this upper optimum,</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:47 – 00:10:51<br />
|
||
three and a half billion adults in order to make most effective</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:51 – 00:10:56<br />
|
||
the network of people communicating with people.</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:56 – 00:10:59<br />
|
||
However, if we go on the third, there’s a third choice,</p>
|
||
<p>00:10:59 – 00:11:05<br />
|
||
and this is the population will begin slowly to decline.</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:05 – 00:11:10<br />
|
||
And if we go towards that goal, we would have at that point</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:10 – 00:11:13<br />
|
||
roughly about 6.3 billion total people.</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:13 – 00:11:18<br />
|
||
With less than, considerably less than two children per family.</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:18 – 00:11:21<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] Doctor what do you think now of the stress of our environmental problems,</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:21 – 00:11:22<br />
|
||
trying to solve them?</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:22 – 00:11:28<br />
|
||
Should government, the politicians pay more attention to this problem, do you think?</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:28 – 00:11:31<br />
|
||
They’re all interlaced, it isn’t that simple.</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:31 – 00:11:36<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Well, the problem…the environment is just one problem,</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:36 – 00:11:42<br />
|
||
which we’re focused on now, and this may be a real trap because we only look at the</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:42 – 00:11:47<br />
|
||
physical, biological aspects of our surroundings.</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:47 – 00:11:53<br />
|
||
Where if we focused instead, on what is a much more essential comprehensive problem,</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:53 – 00:11:58<br />
|
||
and this is evolution and the designing of evolution.</p>
|
||
<p>00:11:58 – 00:12:04<br />
|
||
In fact, we like to say that, uhh, we are revolutionists here,</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:04 – 00:12:08<br />
|
||
but a particular kind of revolutionist that you could now spell differently.</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:08 – 00:12:13<br />
|
||
Now we all know what this symbol is. This is prescription, but uhh,</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:13 – 00:12:16<br />
|
||
[Sound of chalk writing on chalkboard]</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:16 – 00:12:21<br />
|
||
so we are concerned with the prescription for evolution of the design of the future,</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:21 – 00:12:24<br />
|
||
the design of evolution. So we’re revolutionists.</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:24 – 00:12:29<br />
|
||
[Murmuring in background]</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:29 – 00:12:35<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] Well doctor, why are we falling into a trap, paying so much attention to the environment?</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:35 – 00:12:42<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Well. We are in an environmental crisis, there’s no question about it.</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:42 – 00:12:45<br />
|
||
The concern of the government in this question is good.</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:45 – 00:12:50<br />
|
||
The even greater concern, particularly at the college level and</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:50 – 00:12:55<br />
|
||
the environmental teach-ins that are underway during April of this year</p>
|
||
<p>00:12:55 – 00:13:02<br />
|
||
are extremely good movements, but they may be a very deathly trap.</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:02 – 00:13:07<br />
|
||
For this reason, that is, if we can focus just on the good environment,</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:07 – 00:13:15<br />
|
||
the biological environment, the physical environment, we will miss a great deal of what man is or could be.</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:15 – 00:13:21<br />
|
||
With a concern for increasing human potentiality, and again we like to say</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:21 – 00:13:35<br />
|
||
we’d like to put mental human capacity back in environmental.</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:35 – 00:13:38<br />
|
||
And this is what we’re all about…</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:38 – 00:13:41<br />
|
||
and we could set a trap, see.</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:41 – 00:13:46<br />
|
||
The trap we’re setting here is we’re looking at the environment on the</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:46 – 00:13:52<br />
|
||
strictly biological model and not a man-future evolutionary-directed model.</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:52 – 00:13:59<br />
|
||
If we can develop a stable population in which everything becomes fixed,</p>
|
||
<p>00:13:59 – 00:14:05<br />
|
||
it’ll be unchanging over time, and now we’ll be back in a global tribal situation.</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:05 – 00:14:09<br />
|
||
Sure we might survive for millions of years, but we aren’t going anywhere,</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:09 – 00:14:16<br />
|
||
we’re like the lungfish in Lake Manyara, who in this same situation,</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:16 – 00:14:18<br />
|
||
they’ve handled it very effectively.</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:18 – 00:14:22<br />
|
||
Whenever stresses come along, they encapsulate themselves in a mud ball</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:22 – 00:14:25<br />
|
||
and wait out the dry period and then come back when the environment</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:25 – 00:14:28<br />
|
||
is back in a suitable condition.</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:28 – 00:14:33<br />
|
||
So we could become lungfish and evolution would essentially end.</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:33 – 00:14:36<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] What is government or what should government be doing now?</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:36 – 00:14:41<br />
|
||
Is it aware of this problem in your opinion, are we doing enough?</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:41 – 00:14:43<br />
|
||
We’re doing very little, aren’t we?</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:43 – 00:14:47<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] I think there’s not, I don’t think it’s necessarily leveled at the government.</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:47 – 00:14:54<br />
|
||
I think this is a, whatever comment that could be made here is one of general awareness,</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:54 – 00:14:58<br />
|
||
of becoming involved in the design of evolution,</p>
|
||
<p>00:14:58 – 00:15:01<br />
|
||
the prescription for further evolution.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:01 – 00:15:07<br />
|
||
We have to have a long-time perspective, both in the past and the future,</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:07 – 00:15:10<br />
|
||
and where we may go.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:10 – 00:15:18<br />
|
||
And that, that the issue, the big crisis now, is not when we think of environment</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:18 – 00:15:19<br />
|
||
relating to number of people.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:19 – 00:15:21<br />
|
||
It’s not number of people.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:21 – 00:15:29<br />
|
||
It’s people times capacities of the average individual or the total human capacity.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:29 – 00:15:36<br />
|
||
Now if we, we can choose, now is the time for choosing a goal.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:36 – 00:15:39<br />
|
||
And this in part relates to numbers.</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:39 – 00:15:44<br />
|
||
But it also pertains to whether we are going to select, from what has been</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:44 – 00:15:46<br />
|
||
the definition of man for the last forty thousand years,</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:46 – 00:15:51<br />
|
||
some aspect of this, one of these is what we call human potentiality,</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:51 – 00:15:57<br />
|
||
the capacities of the average individual to understand, to develop new insights,</p>
|
||
<p>00:15:57 – 00:16:00<br />
|
||
to communicate with his fellows more effectively.</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:00 – 00:16:06<br />
|
||
If that is a major overriding goal and is selected, and we select,</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:06 – 00:16:10<br />
|
||
and one of the necessities for that is maintaining a changing environment,</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:10 – 00:16:16<br />
|
||
which includes the numbers, and the only way to do that now is to decrease numbers.</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:16 – 00:16:21<br />
|
||
So that if we choose the goal of gradually going into declining population,</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:21 – 00:16:28<br />
|
||
with increasing human potentiality, we’re now at 1970.</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:28 – 00:16:31<br />
|
||
The critical point is about seventy-five years from now.</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:31 – 00:16:35<br />
|
||
There’s tremendous time lag in social change.</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:35 – 00:16:40<br />
|
||
I mean it’s been only a very short time since the Supreme Court ruling for integration</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:40 – 00:16:45<br />
|
||
and we’ve made lots of strides in some ways and very little in others.</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:45 – 00:16:49<br />
|
||
But this is a much, much more drastic change,</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:49 – 00:16:54<br />
|
||
and if you’re going to change numbers towards declining population,</p>
|
||
<p>00:16:54 – 00:17:00<br />
|
||
the whole attitude of people’s values, the decisions, have to be made in a very short time.</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:00 – 00:17:06<br />
|
||
We’ve got, let’s say fifteen years, or to 1984.</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:06 – 00:17:17<br />
|
||
So in essence if we, we have about fifteen years of grace or opportunity</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:17 – 00:17:19<br />
|
||
that this crisis presents to us,</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:19 – 00:17:23<br />
|
||
in which we can change our whole value system, or not change the value system</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:23 – 00:17:26<br />
|
||
but change the mechanism for changing the value system.</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:26 – 00:17:29<br />
|
||
It’s a meta-process.</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:29 – 00:17:35<br />
|
||
If we don’t do it within this time, we will probably be at, we will go into 1984…</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:35 – 00:17:37<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] George Orwell. [Dr. Calhoun:] in the Orwellian sense.</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:37 – 00:17:40<br />
|
||
So this is why it’s critical.</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:40 – 00:17:46<br />
|
||
It’s the most, by this time, right now is the most critical time since sometime</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:46 – 00:17:48<br />
|
||
before when man made this discovery</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:48 – 00:17:52<br />
|
||
which probably took him about fifteen thousand years</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:52 – 00:17:57<br />
|
||
to learn how to discover a new kind of space, a conceptual world of ideas</p>
|
||
<p>00:17:57 – 00:18:01<br />
|
||
and progressive development of ideas.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:01 – 00:18:06<br />
|
||
So that in the early primitive hunter group they had about fifteen thousand years</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:06 – 00:18:13<br />
|
||
to solve their impasse of when they were stuck by the carrying capacity of environment.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:13 – 00:18:14<br />
|
||
The physical environment.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:14 – 00:18:18<br />
|
||
Now we’re also stuck with a similar problem and have about fifteen years.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:18 – 00:18:21<br />
|
||
So it’s quite a burden.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:21 – 00:18:25<br />
|
||
And the future, the entire future of evolution depends on the next fifteen years.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:26 – 00:18:31<br />
|
||
The people here now, who are involved now…</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:31 – 00:18:37<br />
|
||
which is critical and uh, it’s a question of involvement.</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:37 – 00:18:46<br />
|
||
I’m an ecologist, ecologist/psychologist, however hybrid, and it’s a question of</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:46 – 00:18:53<br />
|
||
environment with involvement in the total environment of physical and social,</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:53 – 00:18:56<br />
|
||
that is the crucial question in our studies here</p>
|
||
<p>00:18:56 – 00:19:00<br />
|
||
which we use mice and rats and other animals for.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:00 – 00:19:10<br />
|
||
And that’s where we bring into focus our research, is on the question of involvement.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:10 – 00:19:15<br />
|
||
And they’re bitten up and the one that’s bitten fails to run away.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:15 – 00:19:18<br />
|
||
There’s one type of..</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:18 – 00:19:19<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] Okay doctor.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:19 – 00:19:24<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] And this is one of the types of lack of involvement,</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:24 – 00:19:29<br />
|
||
of total withdrawal from the reality of the environment,</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:29 – 00:19:33<br />
|
||
that’s compatible with that species.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:33 – 00:19:36<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] Right. Twenty-four hundred mice in this enclosure?</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:36 – 00:19:38<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] There’s something of the order, we don’t know exactly what it is now.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:38 – 00:19:41<br />
|
||
It’s between twenty-two hundred and twenty-five hundred mice,</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:42 – 00:19:44<br />
|
||
that is bodies, moving bodies.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:44 – 00:19:49<br />
|
||
But there are really only uhh about a hundred and fifty mice in here.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:49 – 00:19:53<br />
|
||
Real mice, that is mice who are in the social sphere.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:53 – 00:19:58<br />
|
||
All the others have been rejected in one way or another.</p>
|
||
<p>00:19:58 – 00:20:02<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] What’s happened…</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:02 – 00:20:06<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] …reproductive behavior’s completely inhibited.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:06 – 00:20:13<br />
|
||
It’s inhibited because the la…it’s inhibited because the last few hundred…</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:13 – 00:20:18<br />
|
||
maintained them as juveniles and although they are now adults uh they no longer</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:18 – 00:20:23<br />
|
||
engage in aggressive behavior or in reproductive behavior.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:23 – 00:20:28<br />
|
||
And we call them the beautiful ones because they are so excellent physically,</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:28 – 00:20:29<br />
|
||
they are unstressed.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:29 – 00:20:31<br />
|
||
Now I see one down here.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:31 – 00:20:35<br />
|
||
Most of these live in the apartment houses and rarely come out, but I see one</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:35 – 00:20:39<br />
|
||
who’s taken temporary refuge in one of the nesting material supply cans.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:39 – 00:20:44<br />
|
||
I’ll go over and pull him out, so that you can see what a beautiful specimen this animal is.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:44 – 00:20:47<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] But as far as the mouse is concerned he’s a nothing?</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:47 – 00:20:50<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] He’s a total nothing.</p>
|
||
<p>00:20:50 – 00:21:01<br />
|
||
[Calhoun climbs into the enclosure.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:01 – 00:21:05<br />
|
||
Now here he is lying, in the uh…you going?</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:05 – 00:21:07<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] Go ahead doctor.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:07 – 00:21:10<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Here he is lying in the can.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:10 – 00:21:14<br />
|
||
It’s a place of temporary retreat.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:14 – 00:21:18<br />
|
||
He’s colored very few, practically no wounds, he’s in excellent physical shape.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:18 – 00:21:24<br />
|
||
He has two or three nicks but compared to most of the animals, he’s in excellent shape.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:24 – 00:21:31<br />
|
||
And these animals from previous study shows that they are, are unstressed.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:31 – 00:21:34<br />
|
||
They’re just not here insofar as involvement.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:34 – 00:21:38<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] You started this experiment with just a few mice</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:38 – 00:21:42<br />
|
||
some twenty months ago…apparently you’ve been able to dissect some?</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:42 – 00:21:45<br />
|
||
Have you noticed any changes in tissue?</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:45 – 00:21:48<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Well the major thing..<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] The stress.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:48 – 00:21:52<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] The major thing, well certain classes of these for instance,</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:52 – 00:21:55<br />
|
||
comparing these males on the floor here who are withdrawn.</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:55 – 00:21:59<br />
|
||
They are highly stressed animals but the stress comes from each other</p>
|
||
<p>00:21:59 – 00:22:03<br />
|
||
because of the peculiar violence that they exhibit.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:03 – 00:22:11<br />
|
||
Which leaves them as this animal, withhis tail all chewed up, but they do it to each other.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:11 – 00:22:14<br />
|
||
He’s a highly stressed individual.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:14 – 00:22:18<br />
|
||
On the other hand, the beautiful one which I just showed you,</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:18 – 00:22:21<br />
|
||
are are very, extremely unstressed.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:21 – 00:22:29<br />
|
||
We run the, Dr. Julius Axelrod has run the assay of the enzyme which converts</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:29 – 00:22:32<br />
|
||
noradrenaline to adrenaline as the basis for this.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:33 – 00:22:39<br />
|
||
On the other hand, we’ve been removing females from other populations just terminated</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:39 – 00:22:46<br />
|
||
and looking at their uteri, and for animals up to a year of age who’ve come up in the latter history</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:46 – 00:22:51<br />
|
||
of the colonies there’s essentially no evidence of conceiving.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:51 – 00:22:56<br />
|
||
So they’ve, at this stage, this is part ofthe over-living phenomenon.</p>
|
||
<p>00:22:56 – 00:23:01<br />
|
||
And it’s these individuals who are not conceiving are the ones which are not stressed.</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:01 – 00:23:04<br />
|
||
They’re the beautiful ones who lack involvement.</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:04 – 00:23:10<br />
|
||
So that’s the uh, the essential story of what’s going on in our studies.</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:10 – 00:23:13<br />
|
||
[Interviewer:] Have you been surprised Doctor, about the results of this,</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:13 – 00:23:15<br />
|
||
what you’ve learned so far?</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:15 – 00:23:19<br />
|
||
Some twenty months ago did you think all these things were going to happen?</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:19 – 00:23:23<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] Well, I had a slightly different hypothesis</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:23 – 00:23:27<br />
|
||
which held true only in the early stages,</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:27 – 00:23:34<br />
|
||
and this was that the larger the space the uh, smaller the ultimate population density.</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:34 – 00:23:36<br />
|
||
That’s proved not to be true,</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:36 – 00:23:41<br />
|
||
but a second aspect of that hypothesis was that the larger the space with reference to</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:41 – 00:23:44<br />
|
||
number of colonizers, the slower it would get started.</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:44 – 00:23:50<br />
|
||
This has been true because the essential analogy here is that when there are few animals</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:50 – 00:23:57<br />
|
||
as in this particular universe, a male, any mouse when he was out would rarely meet another.</p>
|
||
<p>00:23:57 – 00:24:03<br />
|
||
Therefore, he identified with all of his physical environment.</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:03 – 00:24:06<br />
|
||
So his own ego boundaries extended out to include all of these things</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:06 – 00:24:09<br />
|
||
which he was committed to,</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:09 – 00:24:14<br />
|
||
and therefore, any other animal coming out and moving towards any portion of that</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:14 – 00:24:19<br />
|
||
would elicit anxiety and therefore aggression.</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:19 – 00:24:24<br />
|
||
And we have huge territories and this is a essential formulation of territoriality.</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:24 – 00:24:28<br />
|
||
So that in the larger the space the more likely animals develop territoriality,</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:28 – 00:24:29<br />
|
||
the more extreme.</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:29 – 00:24:39<br />
|
||
And this did inhibit initial reproductive rate and so with a smaller, we have smaller</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:39 – 00:24:42<br />
|
||
universes than this and they grew much faster.</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:42 – 00:24:43<br />
|
||
They got started quicker.</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:43 – 00:24:50<br />
|
||
So that’s another facet of this problem, so that gradually washed out beyond a certain level,</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:50 – 00:24:59<br />
|
||
and uh then the population increased for a while, fairly rapidly, and then it hit this level at which animals</p>
|
||
<p>00:24:59 – 00:25:05<br />
|
||
begin being rejected out into public space, as the males living on the floor here.</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:05 – 00:25:09<br />
|
||
The females are rejected but they just don’t come out,</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:09 – 00:25:11<br />
|
||
they stay back in the apartment houses.</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:11 – 00:25:15<br />
|
||
[Coleman:] Doctor, one final question here, as a human…</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:15 – 00:25:18<br />
|
||
[Murmuring]</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:18 – 00:25:22<br />
|
||
Dr. Calhoun, as a human being, after going through this experiment,</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:22 – 00:25:24<br />
|
||
what goes through your mind?</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:24 – 00:25:28<br />
|
||
Are you worried about the future of mankind?</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:28 – 00:25:34<br />
|
||
[Dr. Calhoun:] A pathological situation like this, uh gives us an understanding of what may be going on</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:34 – 00:25:39<br />
|
||
in the human situation, and what might go on, and be catastrophic.</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:39 – 00:25:43<br />
|
||
And what is really catastrophic and where the real fear is,</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:43 – 00:25:48<br />
|
||
is on a level where the mice and man are extremely similar.</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:49 – 00:25:54<br />
|
||
That is, the mice have programs, they’re like little computers, uh,</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:54 – 00:25:59<br />
|
||
and this is basically genetic with a much smaller element of learned behavior.</p>
|
||
<p>00:25:59 – 00:26:08<br />
|
||
And too-high a contact rate disorganizes the program so that it gets washed out.</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:08 – 00:26:11<br />
|
||
So it’s disconnected or it doesn’t express itself.</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:11 – 00:26:13<br />
|
||
This is where you get the lack of involvement.</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:13 – 00:26:20<br />
|
||
On a human level, we do have a much more complex brain, it does get programmed,</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:20 – 00:26:25<br />
|
||
less by genetics, less by heredity than for the mice, much more cultural,</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:25 – 00:26:28<br />
|
||
but it’s just as subject to being disorganized,</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:28 – 00:26:35<br />
|
||
to having a program disorganized through inappropriate sequences of contact,</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:35 — 00:26:37<br />
|
||
too many contacts.</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:37 – 00:26:42<br />
|
||
And so that we have this danger and part of the danger</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:42 – 00:26:46<br />
|
||
is that we don’t have an adequate establishment.</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:46 – 00:26:48<br />
|
||
Not a…</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:48 – 00:26:54<br />
|
||
We’re now seeing, because the, quote, establishment doesn’t provide</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:54 – 00:26:57<br />
|
||
all appropriate channels, we should destroy the establishment.</p>
|
||
<p>00:26:57 – 00:27:02<br />
|
||
We need better establishment to allow interrelationships to protect us from too many contacts,</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:02 – 00:27:08<br />
|
||
but to allow us for those contacts which we do engage in to be more meaningful</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:08 – 00:27:09<br />
|
||
for our own lives,</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:09 – 00:27:15<br />
|
||
and for, meaningful to others in a compassionate sense of each of us</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:15 – 00:27:19<br />
|
||
being involved in helping the other to fulfill his role.</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:19 – 00:27:21<br />
|
||
We’ll have many more roles,</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:21 – 00:27:25<br />
|
||
and this is where the notion of compassion comes in,</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:25 – 00:27:31<br />
|
||
in helping, each of us helping others to fulfill their programs for development.</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:31 – 00:27:39<br />
|
||
And so, we’re at this peculiar stage where you’re highly optimistic, at the same time highly pessimistic,</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:39 – 00:27:48<br />
|
||
and you wish to throw your weight, intellectual weight, to moving towards the optimistic side,</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:48 – 00:27:53<br />
|
||
to opening up continuing evolution.</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:53 – 00:27:57<br />
|
||
[7-60* Part 2 Color 1970, Jan. 27 to Feb. 17 UDN: 828 to 844</p>
|
||
<p>00:27:57 – 00:28:01<br />
|
||
Introduction of Study 102 Male Mice into Halsey Marsden’s Study 12, CA 65 Minutes]</p>
|
||
<p>00:28:01 – 00:28:06<br />
|
||
[60* Color 1970 Jan. 27; UDN: 828 12 Aggressive Males from Study 102 into</p>
|
||
<p>00:28:06 – 00:28:09<br />
|
||
Univ. 12, Study 122 CA 15 Minutes]</p>
|
||
<p>00:28:09 – 00:28:37<br />
|
||
[Mice are released from a box onto the center of the floor. They scramble around the area.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:28:37 – 00:28:52<br />
|
||
[One mouse sits in the center of the universe while others sniff around him.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:28:52 – 00:29:01<br />
|
||
[Mice are fighting one another.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:29:01 – 00:29:17<br />
|
||
[A white mouse marked with red continues to be aggressive with every mouse he contacts.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:29:17 – 00:29:34<br />
|
||
[Camera zooms out, showing mice scampering about the universe, seeming to pursue each other.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:29:34 – 00:29:59<br />
|
||
[Some of the non-aggressive mice have retreated to secluded areas of the universe.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:29:59 – 00:30:30<br />
|
||
[One black mouse is actively engaging every other mouse in the secluded areas.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:30:30 – 00:30:42<br />
|
||
[A white mouse with red marking is sitting on top of a shelf where he is out of reach of the others.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:30:42 – 00:31:06<br />
|
||
[Most mice have retreated from the center of the universe and are not making contact with each other.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:31:06 – 00:31:16<br />
|
||
[Two mice are seen fighting.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:31:16 – 00:32:38<br />
|
||
[They continue to fight, eventually drawing in one other.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:32:38 – 00:33:01<br />
|
||
[The mouse who is sitting in his secluded area does not bother to come down while</p>
|
||
<p>00:33:01 – 00:33:50<br />
|
||
the others fight right beneath him.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:33:50 – 00:35:26<br />
|
||
[One of the mice attempts to contact one of the secluded mice but he runs away.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:35:26 – 00:35:44<br />
|
||
[One of the secluded mice lives his habitat to look around.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:35:44 – 00:36:14<br />
|
||
[No other mouse seems to be around while he searches.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:36:14 – 00:36:19<br />
|
||
[He returns to his dwelling.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:36:19 – 00:36:23<br />
|
||
[63* Color 1970 Jan. 29; UDN: 83012 Solitary Withdrawn Males from Study</p>
|
||
<p>00:36:23 – 00:36:29<br />
|
||
102 into Univ. 13, Study 122 CA Minutes]</p>
|
||
<p>00:36:29 – 00:36:46<br />
|
||
[Mice are dropped off into the center of another universe.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:36:46 – 00:37:36<br />
|
||
[They all spread out and don’t make contact with the other mice they cross.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:37:36 – 00:38:30<br />
|
||
[Some mice begin to make contact with each other and immediately get aggressive.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:38:30 – 00:39:30<br />
|
||
[One black mouse begins to initiate aggressive contact with every mouse he encounters.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:39:30 – 00:39:56<br />
|
||
[The aggressiveness begins to spread through the other mice.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:39:56 – 00:40:05<br />
|
||
[Some of the other mice have already started finding areas to separate themselves while</p>
|
||
<p>00:40:05 – 00:40:23<br />
|
||
the others continue to fight.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:40:23 – 00:41:06<br />
|
||
[Every contact experience is aggressive at this point.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:41:06 – 00:41:13<br />
|
||
[Time = 0924]</p>
|
||
<p>00:41:13 – 00:41:33<br />
|
||
[The mice are fighting right in the center of the universe.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:41:33 – 00:41:53<br />
|
||
[The mice have all began making aggressive contact with each other.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:41:53 – 00:42:04<br />
|
||
[Some of the mice have been keeping themselves in seclusion while the others have</p>
|
||
<p>00:42:04 – 00:42:28<br />
|
||
continued to fight.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:42:28 – 00:42:38</p>
|
||
<p>00:42:38 – 00:42:50<br />
|
||
[One mouse chases another who doesn’t<br />
|
||
seem to want to come in contact with him.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:42:50 – 00:42:56<br />
|
||
[The mice have calmed down now they are further away from each other.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:42:56 – 00:43:22<br />
|
||
[One mouse sits in his inhabitance eating the grain.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:43:22 – 00:43:25<br />
|
||
[0936]</p>
|
||
<p>00:43:25 – 00:44:05<br />
|
||
[A pair of mice continue to fight amongst themselves.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:44:05 – 00:44:18<br />
|
||
[Roll 12 Univ. 13 0963]</p>
|
||
<p>00:44:18 – 00:44:34<br />
|
||
[Only two mice remain in sight while the others are hiding.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:44:34 – 00:44:37<br />
|
||
[End Scene 0963]</p>
|
||
<p>00:44:37 – 00:44:48<br />
|
||
[Time 0679]</p>
|
||
<p>00:44:48 – 00:45:21<br />
|
||
[One mouse roams the universe alone.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:45:21 – 00:46:14<br />
|
||
[The doctor replaces the water container on the side of the mouse universe.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:46:14 – 00:46:26<br />
|
||
[A second water container is added for the mice.]</p>
|
||
<p>00:46:26 – 00:46:39<br />
|
||
[The doctor makes sure the water is coming out of the container properly.]</p>
|
||
</div>
|
||
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<p>In the next essay for "Medicine on Screen," Jocelyn Szczepaniak-Gillece delves into <em>The Relaxed Wife</em>, a remarkable mid-century advertising film promoting the mild tranquilizer Atarax. Beneath a veneer of familiar 1950s stereotypes, The Relaxed Wife provides a surprising take on gender roles, the pharmaceutical industry, and the status of the artist under capitalism. </p></div></section><section id="custom_html-4" class="widget_text widget widget_custom_html"><h2 class="widget-title">NEW IN NLM DIGITAL COLLECTIONS</h2><div class="textwidget custom-html-widget"><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/9918248311406676" target="_blank"><img data-recalc-dims="1" src="https://i0.wp.com/medicineonscreen.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2024/07/Where-it-hurts_9918248311406676.jpg?w=740&ssl=1" alt="A cartoon of three men dealing with piles of paperwork labeled pharmacies, hospitals, doctors, X-rays, skin etc."/></a>
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<strong><a href="http://resource.nlm.nih.gov/9918248311406676"><em>Where It Hurts</em> (ca. 1970)</a></strong>
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