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<a href="/topic/hypothyroidism/" class="article_btn">Hypothyroidism</a>
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<h1 id="main">What happens when your thyroid doesn&#8217;t work correctly?</h1>
<!-- article/what-happens-when-your-thyroid-doesnt-work-correctly what-happens-when-your-thyroid-doesnt-work-correctly -->
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<h2 class="lead_text">Hypothyroidism is the most common thyroid disorder</h2>
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<p class="lead_text">January is National Thyroid Awareness Month, which brings attention to the small, butterfly-shaped gland in your neck.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>
<p>The thyroid does a lot for your body. It makes hormones that keep organs running properly. It also controls the way you use energy: for example, how you burn calories and how fast your heart beats.&nbsp;</p>
<p>But sometimes this powerful gland doesn&#39;t work like it&#39;s supposed to.&nbsp;</p>
<p>One common thyroid condition, called hyperthyroidism, causes the thyroid to make more hormones than the&nbsp;body needs.&nbsp;</p>
<p>But the most common thyroid disorder is hypothyroidism, which affects about 4.6% of people in the U.S. This condition causes a lack of hormone, which leads the thyroid to slow down. People with hypothyroidism often gain weight and feel tired, but some may not have any symptoms at all.</p>
<h3>Hashimoto&#39;s disease and hypothyroidism</h3>
<p>The most common cause of hypothyroidism is Hashimoto&#39;s disease. It&#39;s an autoimmune disorder, meaning that the body&#39;s own immune system attacks the thyroid and causes inflammation. This prevents the thyroid from making enough hormones, causing hypothyroidism.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Hashimoto&#39;s disease often runs in families, and it affects women more than men. People with other autoimmune diseases are also more likely to get Hashimoto&#39;s disease.</p>
<h3>Other causes</h3>
<p>Other causes of hypothyroidism include thyroid surgery, radiation treatment, some medications, and thyroiditis (inflammation of the thyroid). Some people may be born with hypothyroidism, which is known as congenital hypothyroidism.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Women are more likely to have hypothyroidism, as well as people older than 60 and people with other thyroid disorders.</p>
<h3>Symptoms</h3>
<p>A person with mild hypothyroidism might feel fine and have no symptoms. But those with symptoms can experience a puffy face, sluggishness, weight gain, feeling cold, a slowed heart rate, constipation, depression, and thinning hair. Not everyone has the same symptoms, so make sure to talk with your health care provider&nbsp;if you think you have hypothyroidism.</p>
<h3>Diagnosis</h3>
<p>A doctor can diagnose hypothyroidism and help people manage it.&nbsp;</p>
<p>The doctor will ask about your symptoms, do a physical exam, and order blood tests. These tests measure your TSH, or thyroid stimulating hormone, level and antibodies. In Hashimoto&#39;s disease, high levels of antibodies in the blood show that the thyroid is being attacked by the immune system.</p>
<p>If you have an enlarged thyroid that&#39;s causing hypothyroidism, called a goiter, your doctor may order an ultrasound to see it better. In rare cases, you might need surgery, since an enlarged thyroid can make it hard to swallow.</p>
<h3>Treatment</h3>
<p>Hypothyroidism can usually be treated with an oral medication called levothyroxine. Levothyroxine replaces a hormone naturally produced by the thyroid gland to regulate the body&#39;s energy.&nbsp;</p>
<p>If your doctor prescribes levothyroxine, be sure to take it at the same time each day.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Your doctor may need to test the level of TSH in your body a few times to make sure the medication is working properly. TSH levels can change more during pregnancy, if you have heart disease, or if you take certain hormone therapies.</p>
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<p><strong>Sources</strong>: MedlinePlus; National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</p>
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<p><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> January 30, 2020</p>
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<li><a href="https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/endocrine-diseases/hypothyroidism" target="_blank">National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases: Hypothyroidism</a></li>
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<p style="text-align: center;"><span class="ff-40-purple"><span style="font-size:80%">4.6%&nbsp;</span><i aria-hidden="true" class="fa fa-users">&nbsp;</i></span></span></p>
<p>Although most cases are mild, about <strong><span class="ff-purple">4.6% of the U.S. population</span></strong> aged 12 and older <strong><span class="ff-purple">has hypothyroidism</span></strong>.</p>
<small><strong>Source:</strong> National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases</small>
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