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<a href="/topic/alopecia-areata/" class="article_btn">Alopecia Areata</a>
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<h1 id="main">Close to home: NIH researcher and alopecia patient seeks a cure </h1>
<!-- article/close-to-home-nih-researcher-and-alopecia-patient-seeks-a-cure close-to-home-nih-researcher-and-alopecia-patient-seeks-a-cure -->
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<h2 class="lead_text">Patient registry helps researchers find genetic links, develop medicine</h2>
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<img src="/images/uploads/main_images/alopecia-research.jpg" alt="Angela Christiano, Ph.D., has studied alopecia for decades. ">
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<p><i class="fa fa-camera"></i> Angela Christiano, Ph.D., has studied alopecia for decades. </p>
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<p class="lead_text">Angela Christiano, Ph.D., is not a typical researcher. Dr. Christiano studies a hair loss disease called alopecia areata. She also has it.</p>
<p>Alopecia areata makes people lose their hair, usually in small patches. While it is not painful, the condition can cause serious confidence and self-image issues.</p>
<blockquote aria-hidden="true">
<p style="font-size:.9em">&quot;With the support of NIH, this research and the development of new treatments can help change the lives of those people with alopecia areata.&quot; <span>- Angela Christiano, Ph.D.</span></p>
</blockquote>
<h3>Dr. Christiano&rsquo;s story</h3>
<p>Dr. Christiano was already doing research in dermatology, which focuses on skin, hair, and nails, when her hairdresser noticed bald patches on her head.</p>
<p>Dr. Christiano suspected alopecia areata and confirmed it with a fellow doctor.</p>
<p>After her diagnosis in 1995, Dr. Christiano wanted to learn as much as she could about the condition and other types of hair loss.</p>
<p>She found there wasn&rsquo;t much research out there.</p>
<p>&quot;I thought, &#39;maybe this is fate directing me to a topic,&#39;&quot;&nbsp;Dr. Christiano says.</p>
<p>Dr. Christiano has been researching alopecia areata for 20 years at Columbia University. Her work, which is funded by NIH, has led to major breakthroughs over the last 10 years.</p>
<h3>Genetic research</h3>
<p>Dr. Christiano focuses on how people inherit alopecia areata. People are more likely to get alopecia areata if a close family member has it.</p>
<p>To better understand this, the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases funded a registry for people with the condition to learn about their medical history, symptoms, and experiences. Dr. Christiano&rsquo;s group was one of five research sites that contributed to the registry.</p>
<p>People filled out questionnaires and gave blood samples.</p>
<p>&quot;That registry provided the samples that allowed us to study alopecia areata genetics,&quot;&nbsp;Dr. Christiano says.</p>
<h3>Improving understanding</h3>
<p>Researchers used to think alopecia areata was closely related to skin autoimmune diseases, since hair is part of our skin.</p>
<p>But through her team&rsquo;s research, Dr. Christiano learned that alopecia areata is more similar to other types of autoimmune diseases like thyroid diseases, celiac disease, rheumatoid arthritis, and type 1 diabetes.</p>
<p>This breakthrough has helped researchers understand the disease and get closer to a treatment. Up until now, there hasn&rsquo;t been a specifically approved treatment for alopecia areata.</p>
<h3>Treatment breakthroughs</h3>
<p>Dr. Christiano and her team of researchers found a connection between alopecia areata and a group of molecules called Janus Kinases, or JAKs.</p>
<p>Using drugs that inhibit these molecules, her team is helping people with the disease regrow hair. But not all people.</p>
<p>&quot;Most patients are responding to the JAK inhibitors, but there are still some who are not,&quot;&nbsp;Dr. Christiano says. &quot;We&rsquo;ve got more work to do to find out the rest of the story.&quot;</p>
<h3>Environmental factors</h3>
<p>In addition to genetics, researchers want to understand how environmental factors can impact alopecia.</p>
<p>For example, is it possible too much stress or a poor diet can make hair loss worse?</p>
<p>&quot;One of the last frontiers for alopecia is identifying the environmental triggers,&quot;&nbsp;Dr. Christiano explains.</p>
<h3>A bright future</h3>
<p>Dr. Christiano is hopeful for a future where patients&mdash;including herself&mdash;have better treatment options.</p>
<p>&quot;With the support of NIH, this research and the development of new treatments can help change the lives of those people with alopecia areata,&rdquo; Dr. Christiano says.&ldquo;When people grow their hair back, it changes their lives.&quot;</p>
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<div class="mt-1 mb-2"><strong>Image credit:</strong> Columbia University Magazine </div>
<p><i class="fa fa-calendar"></i> August 29, 2019</p>
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<li><a href="https://medlineplus.gov/hairloss.html" target="_blank">MedlinePlus: Alopecia Areata</a></li>
<li><a href="https://www.niams.nih.gov/health-topics/alopecia-areata" target="_blank">National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases: Alopecia Areata</a></li>
<li><a href="https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/results?cond=alopecia+areata&amp;term=&amp;cntry=&amp;state=&amp;city=&amp;dist=" target="_blank">Clinicaltrials.gov: Alopecia Areata</a></li>
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<p>Alopecia areata affects <strong><span class="ff-purple">1 in every 500 to 1,000</span></strong> people in the U.S.</p>
<small><strong>Source:</strong> Genetics Home Reference</small>
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