nih-gov/heal.nih.gov/news/stories/new-options-sickle-cell-disease-pain
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

1152 lines
63 KiB
Text
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<meta name="description" content="The NIH HEAL Initiative® is funding research to develop and test new treatments for pain associated with sickle cell disease." />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories/new-options-sickle-cell-disease-pain" />
<link rel="image_src" href="/files/heal-logo-social.png" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIH HEAL Initiative" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories/new-options-sickle-cell-disease-pain" />
<meta property="og:description" content="New treatment options on the horizon for pain associated with sickle cell disease" />
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="Wed, 08/14/2024 - 2:01pm" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="Wed, 01/26/2022 - 2:28pm" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="Wed, 08/14/2024 - 2:01pm" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="New treatment options on the horizon for pain associated with sickle cell disease" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NIH" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://heal.nih.gov/files/sickle-cell-research-spotlight.jpeg" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<link rel="icon" href="/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};</script>
<title>Finding New Options for Sickle Cell Disease Pain | NIH HEAL Initiative</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/files/css/css_RvYEMQu8ScRxBOfUxCxN98m7AwDBaySydS8hlewzzsQ.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=particle&amp;include=eJxFymEOwyAIBeALqRypwcKmGYpBXdfbLy5t9oe89z2QaCjWE_AK4WFahyM9qijSJrm-NsHIwga3-qX-Uj8SF3b8GUuBbDaUcFXX0PBp2FK_l7-EWduMkntiWo8j78Kwq7HrZx9cIGJn9858dPjdUJSm8BeBwUc9" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/files/css/css_Kzcx5y8_UgmvOm2su6202zfZz3qqdNhdBCeZjOratTU.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=particle&amp;include=eJxFymEOwyAIBeALqRypwcKmGYpBXdfbLy5t9oe89z2QaCjWE_AK4WFahyM9qijSJrm-NsHIwga3-qX-Uj8SF3b8GUuBbDaUcFXX0PBp2FK_l7-EWduMkntiWo8j78Kwq7HrZx9cIGJn9858dPjdUJSm8BeBwUc9" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/solid.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/brands.min.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,600,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-147034615-1"></script>
<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="C17405549FB53FD60915A09433C78FF3" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'UA-147034615-1');
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W8TVZ6J');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<!-- DAP -->
<script language="javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&amp;subagency=NIH&amp;exts=doc,docx,xls,xlsx,xlsm,ppt,pptx,exe,zip,pdf,js,txt,csv,dxf,wmv,jpg,wma,mov,avi,mp3,mp4,csv"></script>
<!-- End DAP -->
</head>
<body class="fout-fix" data-spy="scroll" data-target="#scrollnav">
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable">
Skip to main content
</a>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W8TVZ6J"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<div class="mobile-overlay" id="overlay" aria-hidden="true"></div>
<div id="header-container" class="header-container">
<div class="ribbon fluid-container">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<div class="ribbon-links">
<a href="http://www.hhs.gov/" class="">
<img src="/assets/hhs-logo.png" alt="U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services website"/>
U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services
</a>
<img src="/assets/delimiter-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation"/>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="layout-container">
<header class="container navbar navbar-light navbar">
<div class="navbar-header-btns">
<button class="menu-btn" type="button" class="" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button>
<button class='searchBtnMobile' aria-label="search-toggle"></button>
</div>
<a href="/" class="navbar-logo gtm-header-home" title="Navbar Logo Title"><img src="../../../assets/NIH_HEAL_Color.svg" alt="Navbar Logo Alt"></a>
<form class="search-menu form-inline d-lg-block" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get">
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓">
<input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate" value="heal">
<div class="input-group">
<input class="search-input form-control" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search heal.nih.gov" name="query">
<div class="input-group-append">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn gtm-header-search btn-tertiary">Search</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-particle-mainnavigation-menu" class="container navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light primary-navigation">
<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-particle-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h2>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-0">
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/about" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43151">About</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-1">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/why-heal" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43131">Why HEAL?</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/opioid-crisis" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43136">The Opioid Crisis</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/impact" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42501">Making a Difference</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/nih-heal-initiative-leadership" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43146">NIH HEAL Initiative Leadership</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/nih-heal-initiative-annual-report-budget" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43141">Annual Report and Budget</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/strategic-plan" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46921">Strategic Planning</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Research</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-2">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/brim" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/106">Behavioral Research to Improve Medication-Based Treatment</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/continuum-care-hospitalized-patients-opioid-use-disorder" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42151">The Continuum of Care in Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Complications of Drug Use</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/enhancing-clinical-trials-network" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/96">Enhancing the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network to Address Opioids</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/harm-reduction-approaches-reduce-overdose-deaths" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41416">Harm Reduction Research Network</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/healing-communities" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91">HEALing Communities Study</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/delivery-healthcare-services-polysubstance-use" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42146">Improving Delivery of Healthcare Services for Polysubstance Use</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/jcoin" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/101">Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/native-collective-research-effort-enhance-wellness-overdose-substance-mental-health-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42586">Native Collective Research Effort to Enhance Wellness (N CREW) Program: Addressing Overdose, Substance Use, Mental Health, and Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/optimizing-addiction-services" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44086">Optimizing the Quality, Reach, and Impact of Addiction Services</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/research-recovery-network" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39646">Recovery Research Networks</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/new-strategies" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/care-polysubstance-use-primary-care" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42126">Collaborative Care for Polysubstance use in Primary Care Settings (Co-Care)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/optimizing-care" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/111">Optimizing Care for People with Opioid Use Disorder and Mental Health Conditions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/duration-retention-discontinuation" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/126">Optimizing the Duration, Retention, and Discontinuation of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/preventing-opioid-use-disorder" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/116">Preventing Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/prevent-progression" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/131">Prevention of Progression to Moderate or Severe Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/sleep-dysfunction" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121">Sleep Dysfunction as a Core Feature of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/act-now" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/136">Advancing Clinical Trials in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal (ACT NOW)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/opioid-exposure-during-pregnancy" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44096">The Biology of Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Effects on Early Neuro-Behavioral Development</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/healthy-brain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/141">HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/virtual-assessments-developmental-trajectories" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44101">Virtual Assessments to Understand Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use Exposure</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76">Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/immunotherapies" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/151">Development of Novel Immunotherapeutics for Opioid Addiction</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/focusing-development" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/146">Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/oral-complications-buprenorphine" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44106">Oral Complications Arising From Pharmacotherapies to Treat Opioid Use Disorders</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/rapid-assessment-emerging-opioid-threats" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44111">Rapidly Assessing the Public Health Impact of Emerging Opioid Threats</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/clinical-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/81">Clinical Research in Pain Management</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/health-equity-pain-management" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42106">Advancing Health Equity in Pain Management</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/pain-signatures" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/186">Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures Program</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/back-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/161">Back Pain Consortium Research Program</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/biomarkers" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/191">Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers, Endpoints and Signatures for Pain Conditions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/eppic-net" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/176">Early Phase Pain Investigation Clinical Network (EPPIC-Net)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/hemodialysis" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/181">Integrated Approach to Pain and Opioid Use in Hemodialysis Patients</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/pain-management-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/166">Pain Management Effectiveness Research Network</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/prism" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/171">Pragmatic and Implementation Studies for the Management of Pain to Reduce Opioid Prescribing (PRISM)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/chronic-pain-rural-populations" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44091">Prevention and Management of Chronic Pain in Rural Populations</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/integrative-management-chronic-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39621">Reducing Opioid-Related Harms to Treat Chronic Pain (IMPOWR and MIRHIQL)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86">Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/optimization-non-addictive-therapies" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/206">Development and Optimization of Non-Addictive Therapies to Treat Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/novel-targets" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/216">Discovery and Validation of Novel Targets for Safe and Effective Treatment of Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/integrated-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44116">Integrated Basic and Clinical Team-Based Research in Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/screening-platform" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/211">Preclinical Screening Platform for Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/restoring-joint-health-function-reduce-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42136">Restoring Joint Health and Function to Reduce Pain Consortium (RE-JOIN)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/discoveries-into-devices" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/201">Translating Discoveries into Effective Devices to Treat Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/novel-drugs-screening-platforms" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/196">Translational Research to Advance Testing of Novel Drugs and Human Cell-Based Screening Platforms to Treat Pain and Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40331">Cross-Cutting Research</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/real-time-opioid-pain-management-data" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42116">Leveraging Existing and Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/small-business-programs" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42111">Small Business Programs</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/stigma-pain-management-opioid-disorder" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40256">Stigma in Pain Management and Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/translating-data-action-prevent-overdose" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42121">HEAL Data2Action (HD2A)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/training-next-generation-researchers" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46831">Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/data" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44206">Data</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-1">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/heal-data-ecosystem" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38836">About the HEAL Data Ecosystem</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/complying-heal-data-sharing-policy" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39216">Complying With the HEAL Data Sharing Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/common-data-elements" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39116">Common Data Elements (CDEs) Program</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/common-data-elements-repository" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42871">Common Data Elements (CDEs) Repository</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/ecosystem-events-outreach" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40321">HEAL Data Ecosystem Events and Outreach</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/public-access-data" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">HEAL Public Access and Data Sharing</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/data-ecosystem-collective-board" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40951">HEAL Data Ecosystem Collective Board</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/funding" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/221">Funding</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/awarded" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/881">Funded Projects</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/open" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/871">Open Funding Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/closed" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/876">Closed Funding Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/research-concepts" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40206">Research Concepts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/news" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/226">News &amp; Events</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/news" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33666">News</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/events" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33671">Events</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/events/headliners" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42551">Headliners Webinar Series</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/stories" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33676">Research Spotlights</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/videos" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36351">Videos</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/resources" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/231">Resources</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/resources/engagement" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43166">Patient and Community Engagement</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
<header role="banner">
<div class="background-jumbotron masthead-jumbotron text-clip jumbotron jumbotron-fluid pattern" >
<div class="container-fluid">
<h1><span>Finding New Options for Sickle Cell Disease Pain</span>
</h1>
<div class="row justify-content-center subtitle">
<div class="col-xl-8 col-lg-8 col-sm-12 col-xs-12">
<p><em>New treatment options on the horizon for pain associated with sickle cell disease </em></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<main role="main">
<div class="container">
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12 breadcrumb-col col-md-7">
<div id="block-particle-breadcrumbs">
<nav aria-label="breadcrumb" role="navigation">
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li class="breadcrumb-item gtm-breadcrumb"><a href="/" class="gtm-breadcrumb">Home</a></li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item gtm-breadcrumb"><a href="/news" class="gtm-breadcrumb">News & Events</a></li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item gtm-breadcrumb"><a href="/news/stories" class="gtm-breadcrumb">Research Spotlights</a></li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item active is-active gtm-breadcrumb" aria-current="page">Finding New Options for Sickle Cell Disease Pain</li>
</ol>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5">
<div id="block-addtoanybuttons">
<div class="pattern">
<div class="display-pattern social-container d-flex row">
<div class-="social-share">
<span class="label social-label text-uppercase font-weight-bold pr-3">Share this article</span>
<span class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_25 " data-a2a-url="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories/new-options-sickle-cell-disease-pain" data-a2a-title="Finding New Options for Sickle Cell Disease Pain"><a class="a2a_button_facebook btn social-share-button" aria-label="social-facebook"></a><a class="a2a_button_x btn social-share-button" aria-label="social-twitter"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin btn social-share-button" aria-label="social-linkedin"></a><a class="a2a_button_email btn social-share-button" aria-label="social-email"></a></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="layout-content">
<div>
<div id="block-particle-content">
<div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--basic-content paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class="container overflow-auto">
<div class='basic-content content-align-left full padding-bottom--1'>
<div class='col-xl-12 ' style=''>
<div class="">
<div>
<figure class='img-fluid figure align-right w-33'>
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/sickle-cell-research-spotlight.jpeg" width="7939" height="4962" alt="woman sitting in a chair looking at a laptop and wearing headphones" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
<figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p>HEAL is funding research to develop and test new treatments for pain associated with sickle cell disease.</p> </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div>
<p>One of the hallmark symptoms of sickle cell disease is severe pain that often occurs in intense bouts called crises that can be triggered by dehydration, cold or warm temperatures, or certain foods. These episodes begin in infancy or early childhood and can persist throughout life. A pain crisis can send a person to the hospital for pain medications or blood transfusions, thus children and teens with sickle cell disease often miss school. Young adults with sickle cell disease who want to begin living independently must constantly be aware of their limitations when they go to college or begin a job.</p><p>For many people with sickle cell disease, opioid medications are a lifeline: the only way to keep pain to tolerable levels. But more choices for pain relief are welcome, and the <a href="https://heal.nih.gov/">Helping to End Addiction Long-term<sup>®</sup> Initiative, or NIH HEAL Initiative<sup>®</sup></a>, is funding research to develop and test new treatments for pain associated with sickle cell disease in <a href="https://heal.nih.gov/research/preclinical-translational">animal models and early human studies</a> and in <a href="https://heal.nih.gov/research/clinical-research">clinical trials</a>. As part of these programs, HEAL-funded researchers are testing whether <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10135213">complementary and integrative treatment approaches</a> can help people with sickle cell disease better manage their pain. Other scientists are developing a novel strategy to relieve sickle cell pain by using <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9932691">highly focused ultrasound stimulation of the brain</a>.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--basic-content paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class="container overflow-auto">
<div class='basic-content content-align-left full pattern'>
<div class='col-xl-12 ' style=''>
<div class="">
<div>
<figure class='img-fluid figure align-right w-33'>
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/Sickle-cell-illustration.jpg" width="480" height="240" alt="Illustration of sickle-shaped blood cells" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
<figcaption class="figure-caption"> <p>Misshapen sickle red blood cells starve cells of oxygen, which causes pain.</p> </figcaption>
</figure>
</div>
<div>
<h2>What Causes Sickle Cell Disease Pain?</h2><p>In the United States, most people with sickle cell disease are identified right after birth through general newborn screening programs. This helps families learn about the disease, what to expect, and how to better deal with it right from the beginning.</p><p>Children and adults with sickle cell disease carry a genetic mutation in the gene for hemoglobin, the protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen from the lungs to tissues and organs. Because of the altered hemoglobin, red blood cells in these individuals are misshapen. Instead of looking like smooth, round discs, the red blood cells resemble a crescent moon or sickle and tend to clump together. As a result, the misshapen cells cant transport oxygen as well, starving tissues and causing fatigue. Clumps of sickle cells can also clog small blood vessels, leading to crises with severe sharp, stabbing, intense, or throbbing pain.</p><p>Even with the best management, living with sickle cell disease is physically, mentally, and emotionally draining. New treatment approaches are needed and some innovative approaches are on the horizon.</p><h2>Using Complementary and Integrative Approaches to Manage Pain</h2><p>Ardith Z. Doorenbos, Ph.D., R.N., and her team at the University of Illinois, Chicago, have long focused on improving pain management for people with diverse underlying conditions, including <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9900385">people receiving dialysis</a> or those with cancer pain. The question is whether complementary and integrative therapies can provide an additional option beyond opioids for relief from severe pain.</p><p>For people with sickle cell disease, the researchers will evaluate two complementary and integrative treatment approaches guided relaxation and acupuncture both of which worked to relieve pain in initial studies. The researchers will compare the effectiveness of both approaches for relieving pain and for reducing opioid use. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of three groups, and all groups will continue to receive usual clinical care for people with sickle cell disease (which in most cases involves opioid therapy):</p><ul><li>Usual care</li><li>Usual care and acupuncture</li><li>Usual care and guided relaxation using an app</li></ul><p>This <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10135213">HEAL-funded research</a> will adapt to how people respond to their assigned treatment. After 6 weeks, participants will be asked about changes in their pain levels. Those whose pain levels have remained high will either be asked to continue the treatment for another 6 weeks to see if longer exposure to the treatment makes a difference, or they will be offered the other treatment to see if that works better.</p><p>Doorenbos approach, known as a pragmatic clinical trial, reflects what happens in everyday clinical practice, she explains. “If a patient doesnt respond to the initial treatment I prescribe, I may encourage them to continue for a bit longer, or I may offer them an alternative that might work better for them because it is better suited to their preferences and lifestyle.”</p><p>The study is going on in three different healthcare systems in Illinois, North Carolina, and Florida to determine how easy it is to implement in different real-world settings. Doorenbos and her team have talked to clinic staff as well as various other collaborators from hospital administrators and social workers to patient advocacy groups to refine the study at each of the different sites. They are currently recruiting people who have sickle cell disease to participate.</p><p>Doorenbos acknowledges that there is currently a role for opioids in treating pain in patients with sickle cell disease, but more tools are welcomed by providers and patients alike.</p><h2>Disrupting Pain Circuits in the Brain</h2><p>Another novel approach to treating severe pain, including that caused by pain crises, involves technology. Bin He, Ph.D., at Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh,&nbsp;and his team are also looking for new, non-opioid approaches for treating sickle cell disease pain, but they are at a much earlier stage in the research process. They are studying whether a device that emits <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9932691">highly focused ultrasound waves</a> and targets them at specific brain regions can relieve pain in a mouse model of sickle cell disease.</p><p>Most of us are familiar with ultrasound being used as a diagnostic tool by clinicians to generate images of the body for example, during pregnancy. However, He and his team had previously discovered that <a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22743-7">focused ultrasound waves could selectively interfere with the firing of specific nerve cells in rats brains</a>.</p><p>They are looking to see if focused ultrasound waves targeted at specific brain areas only a few millimeters wide could change the activity of nerve cells that create and spread pain signals. The NIH HEAL Initiative made it possible for He and his team to pursue this work, which could be applicable to other types of pain.</p><p>Using a mouse model of sickle cell disease pain, the scientists are directing highly focused ultrasound waves at brain regions known to be part of pain circuits. Early results showed that the approach is promising; the highly focused ultrasound waves reduced animals sensitivity to pain.</p><p>Before such experiments can be tried in people with sickle cell disease pain, the researchers need to repeat the results many times and also show that the technology is safe: first in larger animals and then in human research participants.</p><p>The ultimate goal, He explains, is a light-weight device that people can wear to deliver focused ultrasound for about 10 to 20 minutes every day.</p><h2>More Research is on the Way</h2><p>In addition to these two promising research directions, the NIH HEAL Initiative will support more research under two programs aiming to increase the number of treatment options available to people with sickle cell disease.</p><p><a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AT-22-004.html">One of these programs</a> will focus on studies like Doorenbos research that evaluate novel pain treatment approaches in real-world conditions and assess how such treatments can be implemented into clinical practice. The <a href="https://grants.nih.gov/grants/guide/rfa-files/RFA-AT-22-005.html">second program</a> will evaluate the effectiveness of diverse pain management approaches, as well as their impact on a patients function, overall well-being, and quality of life including effects of stigma and other social factors that may affect quality of care.</p><p>Only by expanding the menu of treatment options available to people with sickle cell disease can their pain and suffering be diminished or eliminated entirely.</p><p>“We need more tools, more options in our toolbox so that for each patient we can find the one that works best,” says Doorenbos.</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--rps-rfa paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class="container">
<div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="border border-royal-heath padding-10 js-view-dom-id-f760c5fd4670f68560671aac68d47370e664be8ca025c8cc7e3d2ee732f3ee67">
<div class="views-row"><span class="views-field views-field-field-research-program"><span class="views-label views-label-field-research-program">Research Program: </span><div class="field-content"><a href="/research/clinical-research/prism" hreflang="en">Pragmatic and Implementation Studies for the Management of Pain to Reduce Opioid Prescribing (PRISM)</a>, <a href="/research/preclinical-translational/discoveries-into-devices" hreflang="en">Translating Discoveries into Effective Devices to Treat Pain</a></div></span><span class="views-field views-field-field-research-focus-area"><span class="views-label views-label-field-research-focus-area">Research Focus Area: </span><div class="field-content"><a href="/research/clinical-research" hreflang="en">Clinical Research in Pain Management</a>, <a href="/research/preclinical-translational" hreflang="en">Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management</a></div></span></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class="container">
<div class="row card-grid pattern">
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
Explore Projects in These Research Focus Areas
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Explore programs and funded projects within the <a href="https://heal.nih.gov/research/clinical-research">Clinical Research in Pain Management</a>&nbsp;and <a href="https://heal.nih.gov/research/preclinical-translational">Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management</a> research focus areas.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=https://heal.nih.gov/research>
Learn More
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
Read About These Projects on NIH RePORT
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Read about the study led by <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10135213">Dr.&nbsp;Doorenbos</a>. Read about the study led by <a href="https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9932691">Dr. He</a>.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10135213>
Learn More
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health (NCCIH)
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Learn more about <a href=" https://www.nccih.nih.gov/grants/nccihs-role-in-the-nih-heal-initiative">NCCIHss role</a> in the NIH HEAL Initiative.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href= https://www.nccih.nih.gov/grants/nccihs-role-in-the-nih-heal-initiative>
Learn More
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB)
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Learn more about <a href="https://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events">NIBIBs role</a> in the NIH HEAL Initiative.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=https://www.nibib.nih.gov/news-events>
Learn More
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<div class="container">
<p class="last-updated">Published:
January 26, 2022</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="fluid-container p-3 footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12 col-md-3">
<div class="footer-logo"><a href="/"><img alt="NIH HEAL Initiative" src="/assets/HEAL_Initaitive_White.svg" /></a></div>
<h2>Contact Us</h2>
<p>Please send email to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#4e060b0f023f3b2b3d3a2721200e212a6020272660292138"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="d59d909499a4a0b0a6a1bcbabb95bab1fbbbbcbdfbb2baa3">[email&#160;protected]</span></a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-md-3">
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/about">About</a></h2>
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/about/research-plan">Research Plan</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/about/nih-heal-initiative-leadership">Leadership</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding">Funding</a></h2>
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding/awarded">Funded Projects</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding/open">Open Opportunities</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding/closed">Closed Opportunities</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/data">Data</a></h2>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/news">News</a></h2>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/resources">Resources</a></h2>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-md-3">
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research">Research</a></h2>
<ul class="list-unstyled research-list">
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/research-to-practice">Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/new-strategies">New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/infants-and-children">Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/medication-options">Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/clinical-research">Clinical Research in Pain Management</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/preclinical-translational">Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/cross-cutting-research">Cross-Cutting Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/training-next-generation-researchers">Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-3">
<h2>Stay Connected</h2>
<p><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/signup/43013" target="_blank" class="signup">Sign up for news and updates.</a></p>
<div class="footer-social-media">
<h2>Follow NIH</h2>
<a aria-label="Follow us on X" class="gtm-social-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/nih" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="Twitter Icon" class="x-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
<a aria-label="Follow us on Instagram" class="gtm-social-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/nihgov" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="Instagram Icon" class="ig-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
<a aria-label="Follow us on Facebook" class="gtm-social-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/nih.gov/" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="Facebook Icon" class="fb-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
<a aria-label="Visit the HEAL YouTube" class="gtm-social-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLd_5BzGlfpgpkK12ToGD9VtxF8ClhEusZ" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="YouTube Icon" class="yt-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="col-12" />
<div class="col-md-12 gov-links">
<ul class="list-inline">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH Home</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://salud.nih.gov/">En Español</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.nih.gov/web-policies-notices">Web Policies and Notices</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office">Freedom of Information Act</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act">No Fear Act</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://oig.hhs.gov/">Office of Inspector General</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-9 mx-auto gov-links">
<p>Helping to End Addiction Long-term<sup>®</sup> and NIH HEAL Initiative<sup>®</sup> are registered service marks of the Department of Health and Human Services.</p>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/40566","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en"},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extTitleNoOverride":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"(\\.gov.*?)","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".footer-social-media, .social-share-button, .twitter-share-button","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"0","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":null,"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"af5eece730f2d5aa6b0d43e1d564e85bd63161885787ef00214b14f2707a18ff"}}</script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/../../dist/app-drupal/assets/drupal-jquery.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" defer></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/extlink/js/extlink.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/funding.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/../../dist/app-drupal/assets/app.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/menus.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/spotlight.js?ss1xuy"></script>
</body>
</html>