nih-gov/heal.nih.gov/news/stories?sort_by=title&page=8
2025-02-26 13:17:41 -05:00

1739 lines
105 KiB
Text
Raw Permalink Blame History

This file contains invisible Unicode characters

This file contains invisible Unicode characters that are indistinguishable to humans but may be processed differently by a computer. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="og: https://ogp.me/ns#">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<script>document.cookie = "big_pipe_nojs=1; path=/; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT"</script>
<meta name="description" content="Read in-depth articles, including interviews with grantees, about HEAL-funded projects helping to make a difference in the opioid crisis." />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories" />
<link rel="image_src" href="/files/heal-logo-social.png" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="NIH HEAL Initiative" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:url" content="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories" />
<meta property="og:title" content="Research Spotlights" />
<meta property="og:description" content="Read in-depth articles, including interviews with grantees, about HEAL-funded projects helping to make a difference in the opioid crisis." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://heal.nih.gov/files/heal-logo-social.png" />
<meta property="og:image:url" content="https://heal.nih.gov/files/heal-logo-social.png" />
<meta property="og:updated_time" content="Tue, 10/22/2024 - 4:55pm" />
<meta property="article:published_time" content="Wed, 03/04/2020 - 3:31pm" />
<meta property="article:modified_time" content="Tue, 10/22/2024 - 4:55pm" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="Read in-depth articles, including interviews with grantees, about HEAL-funded projects helping to make a difference in the opioid crisis." />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="Research Spotlights" />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NIH" />
<meta name="twitter:image" content="https://heal.nih.gov/files/heal-logo-social.png" />
<meta name="Generator" content="Drupal 10 (https://www.drupal.org)" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="width" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<link rel="icon" href="/files/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};</script>
<title>Research Spotlights | NIH HEAL Initiative</title>
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/files/css/css_6ZIy5LAJskBj5cpXqJIYLwFo82x1-70NQJuD9rdg7rY.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=particle&amp;include=eJx1yksOgzAMBNALBXKkyJABopo4sp1-bt9SgbrqZuR5HsrZheor0nmMi0r1MMEdmvBsYshpKfypFldUKHHI8qgslBOXektMExgaLx0OHU4dfMOOgKcfGrP2RjyeNTRSWpXaZtfnJ2OvrU9cbEM-hl5mRpxFEQyk85aolUTdZZa9MRzxjwd7mWOPExnCveBh8ZvjLrkz3rdwZwY" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/files/css/css_Kzcx5y8_UgmvOm2su6202zfZz3qqdNhdBCeZjOratTU.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=particle&amp;include=eJx1yksOgzAMBNALBXKkyJABopo4sp1-bt9SgbrqZuR5HsrZheor0nmMi0r1MMEdmvBsYshpKfypFldUKHHI8qgslBOXektMExgaLx0OHU4dfMOOgKcfGrP2RjyeNTRSWpXaZtfnJ2OvrU9cbEM-hl5mRpxFEQyk85aolUTdZZa9MRzxjwd7mWOPExnCveBh8ZvjLrkz3rdwZwY" />
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/solid.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.5.1/css/brands.min.css">
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Montserrat:400,600,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<!-- Global site tag (gtag.js) - Google Analytics -->
<script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=UA-147034615-1"></script>
<meta name="msvalidate.01" content="C17405549FB53FD60915A09433C78FF3" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=EmulateIE8"><script type="text/javascript">(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={ajax:{deny_list:["bam.nr-data.net"]}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={licenseKey:"4885254293",applicationID:"336795922"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-rum-1.283.2.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),o=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let a in o)if(void 0!==e[a])try{if(null===e[a]){r[a]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[a])&&Array.isArray(t[a])?r[a]=Array.from(new Set([...e[a],...t[a]])):"object"==typeof e[a]&&"object"==typeof t[a]?r[a]=i(e[a],t[a]):r[a]=e[a]}catch(e){(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Vp:()=>c,fn:()=>s,x1:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(122);const o={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0},a={};function s(e){try{const t=c(e);return!!t.licenseKey&&!!t.errorBeacon&&!!t.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}function c(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");if(!a[e])throw new Error("Info for ".concat(e," was never set"));return a[e]}function u(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All info objects require an agent identifier!");a[e]=(0,i.a)(t,o);const r=(0,n.nY)(e);r&&(r.info=a[e])}},217:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D0:()=>m,gD:()=>v,xN:()=>h});r(860).K7.genericEvents;const n="experimental.marks",i="experimental.measures",o="experimental.resources",a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var s=r(614),c=r(944),u=r(384),l=r(122);const d="[data-nr-mask]",f=()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{marks:!1,measures:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{get capture_marks(){return e.feature_flags.includes(n)||e.experimental.marks},set capture_marks(t){e.experimental.marks=t},get capture_measures(){return e.feature_flags.includes(i)||e.experimental.measures},set capture_measures(t){e.experimental.measures=t},capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:s.wk,inactiveMs:s.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(d):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=d:(0,c.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,c.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,c.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},spa:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}},g={},p="All configuration objects require an agent identifier!";function m(e){if(!e)throw new Error(p);if(!g[e])throw new Error("Configuration for ".concat(e," was never set"));return g[e]}function h(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);g[e]=(0,l.a)(t,f());const r=(0,u.nY)(e);r&&(r.init=g[e])}function v(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error(p);var r=m(e);if(r){for(var n=t.split("."),i=0;i<n.length-1;i++)if("object"!=typeof(r=r[n[i]]))return;r=r[n[n.length-1]]}return r}},371:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>f,f:()=>d});var n=r(122),i=r(384),o=r(154),a=r(324);let s=0;const c={buildEnv:a.F3,distMethod:a.Xs,version:a.xv,originTime:o.WN},u={customTransaction:void 0,disabled:!1,isolatedBacklog:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},appMetadata:{},session:void 0,denyList:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,obfuscator:void 0,harvester:void 0},l={};function d(e){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");if(!l[e])throw new Error("Runtime for ".concat(e," was never set"));return l[e]}function f(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All runtime objects require an agent identifier!");l[e]={...(0,n.a)(t,u),...c},Object.hasOwnProperty.call(l[e],"harvestCount")||Object.defineProperty(l[e],"harvestCount",{get:()=>++s});const r=(0,i.nY)(e);r&&(r.runtime=l[e])}},324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>o,xv:()=>n});const n="1.283.2",i="PROD",o="CDN"},154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>c,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>l,bv:()=>o,gm:()=>a,mw:()=>s,sb:()=>u});var n=r(863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,o="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),a=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),s=Boolean("hidden"===a?.document?.visibilityState),c=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(a.navigator?.userAgent),u=c&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=((()=>{const e=a.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2&&e[1]})(),Date.now()-(0,n.t)())},687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>c,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>u});var n=r(836),i=r(606),o=r(860),a=r(646);const s={};function c(e,t){const r={staged:!1,priority:o.P3[t]||0};l(e),s[e].get(t)||s[e].set(t,r)}function u(e,t){e&&s[e]&&(s[e].get(t)&&s[e].delete(t),g(e,t,!1),s[e].size&&f(e))}function l(e){if(!e)throw new Error("agentIdentifier required");s[e]||(s[e]=new Map)}function d(e="",t="feature",r=!1){if(l(e),!e||!s[e].get(t)||r)return g(e,t);s[e].get(t).staged=!0,f(e)}function f(e){const t=Array.from(s[e]);t.every((([e,t])=>t.staged))&&(t.sort(((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority)),t.forEach((([t])=>{s[e].delete(t),g(e,t)})))}function g(e,t,r=!0){const o=e?n.ee.get(e):n.ee,s=i.i.handlers;if(!o.aborted&&o.backlog&&s){if(r){const e=o.backlog[t],r=s[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)p(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach((([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach((t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0]?.context()instanceof a.y&&t[0].on(e,t[1])}))}))}}o.isolatedBacklog||delete s[t],o.backlog[t]=null,o.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function p(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach((t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],o=e[2];n.apply(i,o)}}))}},836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>c,ee:()=>u});var n=r(384),i=r(990),o=r(371),a=r(646),s=r(607);const c="nr@context:".concat(s.W),u=function e(t,r){var n={},s={},l={},d=!1;try{d=16===r.length&&(0,o.f)(r).isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,o){!1!==o&&(o=!0);if(u.aborted&&!i)return;t&&o&&t.emit(e,r,n);for(var a=g(n),c=m(e),l=c.length,d=0;d<l;d++)c[d].apply(a,r);var p=v()[s[e]];p&&p.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:h,listeners:m,context:g,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach((([e,n])=>{s[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])}))},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach((e=>{delete f.backlog[e]}))},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[s[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:d?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:d};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function g(e){return e&&e instanceof a.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,c,(()=>new a.y(c))):new a.y(c)}function p(e,t){n[e]=m(e).concat(t)}function m(e){return n[e]||[]}function h(t){return l[t]=l[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),l=(0,n.Zm)();l.ee||(l.ee=u)},646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,o){o?(o.buffer([e],i),o.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}},606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>o});var n=r(908);o.on=a;var i=o.handlers={};function o(e,t,r,o){a(o||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function a(e,t,r,i,o){o||(o="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var a=t[o]=t[o]||{};(a[r]=a[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function o(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>o,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(566).bz)()},566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>s,bz:()=>a});var n=r(154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function o(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function a(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map((e=>"x"===e?o(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&o()|8).toString(16):e)).join("")}function s(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const a=[];for(var s=0;s<e;s++)a.push(o(r,i++).toString(16));return a.join("")}},614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>a,H3:()=>n,g:()=>u,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>s,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>o});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",o=144e5,a=18e5,s={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},u={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t)}r.d(t,{R:()=>n})},284:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{t:()=>c,B:()=>s});var n=r(836),i=r(154);const o="newrelic";const a=new Set,s={};function c(e,t){const r=n.ee.get(t);s[t]??={},e&&"object"==typeof e&&(a.has(t)||(r.emit("rumresp",[e]),s[t]=e,a.add(t),function(e={}){try{i.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(o,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}({loaded:!0})))}},990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout((()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)}),t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout((()=>{e.apply(this,r)}),t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,sB:()=>a});var n=r(878);function i(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(i())return e();(0,n.sp)("load",e,t)}function a(e){if(i())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}},384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>o,US:()=>l,Zm:()=>a,bQ:()=>c,dV:()=>s,nY:()=>u,pV:()=>d});var n=r(154),i=r(863);const o={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function a(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function s(){let e=a();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket}),e}function c(e,t){let r=a();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t}function u(e){let t=a();return t.initializedAgents?.[e]}function l(e,t){a()[e]=t}function d(){return function(){let e=a();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:o.beacon,errorBeacon:o.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),s(),function(){let e=a();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),a()}},843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>i});var n=r(878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",(function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)}),r,i)}},434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>c});var n=r(836),i=r(607);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W);var a=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,s=!1;function c(e,t){return e||(e=n.ee),r.inPlace=function(e,t,n,i,o){n||(n="");const a="-"===n.charAt(0);for(let s=0;s<t.length;s++){const c=t[s],u=e[c];l(u)||(e[c]=r(u,a?c+n:n,i,c,o))}},r.flag=o,r;function r(t,r,n,s,c){return l(t)?t:(r||(r=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach((function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})})),t}catch(e){u([e],r)}for(var n in e)a.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,a,l,d;try{a=this,o=[...arguments],l="function"==typeof n?n(o,a):n||{}}catch(t){u([t,"",[o,a,s],l],e)}i(r+"start",[o,a,s],l,c);try{return d=t.apply(a,o)}catch(e){throw i(r+"err",[o,a,e],l,c),e}finally{i(r+"end",[o,a,d],l,c)}}}function i(r,n,i,o){if(!s||t){var a=s;s=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,o)}catch(t){u([t,r,n,i],e)}s=a}}}function u(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function l(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>o,ET:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},o={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},a="log";n.K7.logging},773:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{z_:()=>o,XG:()=>s,TZ:()=>n,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>a});r(154),r(566),r(384);const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",o="cm",a="storeSupportabilityMetrics",s="storeEventMetrics"},630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G4:()=>i});var n=r(614);r(860).K7.sessionReplay;const i={RECORD:"recordReplay",PAUSE:"pauseReplay",REPLAY_RUNNING:"replayRunning",ERROR_DURING_REPLAY:"errorDuringReplay"};n.g.ERROR,n.g.FULL,n.g.OFF},234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>o});var n=r(836),i=r(687);class o{constructor(e,t){this.agentIdentifier=e,this.ee=n.ee.get(e),this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,i.x3)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName)}}},603:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>K});var n=r(860),i=r(555),o=r(371),a=r(908),s=r(836),c=r(687),u=r(289),l=r(154),d=r(944),f=r(773),g=r(384),p=r(344);const m=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease","recordCustomEvent","addPageAction","setCurrentRouteName","setPageViewName","setCustomAttribute","interaction","noticeError","setUserId","setApplicationVersion","start",p.G4.RECORD,p.G4.PAUSE,"log","wrapLogger"],h=["setErrorHandler","finished","addToTrace","addRelease"];var v=r(863),b=r(614),y=r(993);var w=r(646),R=r(434);const A=new Map;function E(e,t,r,n){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,d.R)(29);const i=function(e){return(e||s.ee).get("logger")}(e),o=(0,R.YM)(i),a=new w.y(s.P);a.level=n.level,a.customAttributes=n.customAttributes;const c=t[r]?.[R.Jt]||t[r];return A.set(c,a),o.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",(()=>A.get(c))),i}function _(){const e=(0,g.pV)();m.forEach((t=>{e[t]=(...r)=>function(t,...r){let n=[];return Object.values(e.initializedAgents).forEach((e=>{e&&e.api?e.exposed&&e.api[t]&&n.push(e.api[t](...r)):(0,d.R)(38,t)})),n.length>1?n:n[0]}(t,...r)}))}const x={};function N(e,t,g=!1){t||(0,c.Ak)(e,"api");const m={};var w=s.ee.get(e),R=w.get("tracer");x[e]=b.g.OFF,w.on(p.G4.REPLAY_RUNNING,(t=>{x[e]=t}));var A="api-",_=A+"ixn-";function N(t,r,n,o){const a=(0,i.Vp)(e);return null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:(0,i.x1)(e,{...a,jsAttributes:{...a.jsAttributes,[t]:r}}),j(A,n,!0,o||null===r?"session":void 0)(t,r)}function k(){}m.log=function(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=y.p_.INFO}={}){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/log/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),function(e,t,r={},i=y.p_.INFO){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/logging/".concat(i.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,n.K7.metrics,e),(0,a.p)(y.ET,[(0,v.t)(),t,r,i],void 0,n.K7.logging,e)}(w,e,t,r)},m.wrapLogger=(e,t,{customAttributes:r={},level:i=y.p_.INFO}={})=>{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/wrapLogger/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),E(w,e,t,{customAttributes:r,level:i})},h.forEach((e=>{m[e]=j(A,e,!0,"api")})),m.addPageAction=j(A,"addPageAction",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.recordCustomEvent=j(A,"recordCustomEvent",!0,n.K7.genericEvents),m.setPageViewName=function(t,r){if("string"==typeof t)return"/"!==t.charAt(0)&&(t="/"+t),(0,o.f)(e).customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+t,j(A,"setPageViewName",!0)()},m.setCustomAttribute=function(e,t,r=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof t)||null===t)return N(e,t,"setCustomAttribute",r);(0,d.R)(40,typeof t)}else(0,d.R)(39,typeof e)},m.setUserId=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("enduser.id",e,"setUserId",!0);(0,d.R)(41,typeof e)},m.setApplicationVersion=function(e){if("string"==typeof e||null===e)return N("application.version",e,"setApplicationVersion",!1);(0,d.R)(42,typeof e)},m.start=()=>{try{(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/start/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),w.emit("manual-start-all")}catch(e){(0,d.R)(23,e)}},m[p.G4.RECORD]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/recordReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.RECORD,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m[p.G4.PAUSE]=function(){(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/pauseReplay/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)(p.G4.PAUSE,[],void 0,n.K7.sessionReplay,w)},m.interaction=function(e){return(new k).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})};const T=k.prototype={createTracer:function(e,t){var r={},i=this,o="function"==typeof t;return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),g||(0,a.p)(_+"tracer",[(0,v.t)(),e,r],i,n.K7.spa,w),function(){if(R.emit((o?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,v.t)(),i,o],r),o)try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw R.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],r),t}finally{R.emit("fn-end",[(0,v.t)()],r)}}}};function j(e,t,r,i){return function(){return(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/"+t+"/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),i&&(0,a.p)(e+t,[r?(0,v.t)():performance.now(),...arguments],r?null:this,i,w),r?void 0:this}}function I(){r.e(296).then(r.bind(r,778)).then((({setAPI:t})=>{t(e),(0,c.Ze)(e,"api")})).catch((e=>{(0,d.R)(27,e),w.abort()}))}return["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach((e=>{T[e]=j(_,e,void 0,g?n.K7.softNav:n.K7.spa)})),m.setCurrentRouteName=g?j(_,"routeName",void 0,n.K7.softNav):j(A,"routeName",!0,n.K7.spa),m.noticeError=function(t,r){"string"==typeof t&&(t=new Error(t)),(0,a.p)(f.xV,["API/noticeError/called"],void 0,n.K7.metrics,w),(0,a.p)("err",[t,(0,v.t)(),!1,r,!!x[e]],void 0,n.K7.jserrors,w)},l.RI?(0,u.GG)((()=>I()),!0):I(),m}var k=r(217),T=r(122);const j={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},I={};var O=r(284);const S=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};let P=!1;function K(e,t={},r,n){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:u,runtime:d={},exposed:f=!0}=t;d.loaderType=r;const p=(0,g.pV)();c||(a=p.init,c=p.info,u=p.loader_config),(0,k.xN)(e.agentIdentifier,a||{}),function(e,t){if(!e)throw new Error("All loader-config objects require an agent identifier!");I[e]=(0,T.a)(t,j);const r=(0,g.nY)(e);r&&(r.loader_config=I[e])}(e.agentIdentifier,u||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},l.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),(0,i.x1)(e.agentIdentifier,c);const m=(0,k.D0)(e.agentIdentifier),h=[c.beacon,c.errorBeacon];P||(m.proxy.assets&&(S(m.proxy.assets),h.push(m.proxy.assets)),m.proxy.beacon&&h.push(m.proxy.beacon),_(),(0,g.US)("activatedFeatures",O.B),e.runSoftNavOverSpa&&=!0===m.soft_navigations.enabled&&m.feature_flags.includes("soft_nav")),d.denyList=[...m.ajax.deny_list||[],...m.ajax.block_internal?h:[]],d.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,(0,o.V)(e.agentIdentifier,d),e.ee=s.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),void 0===e.api&&(e.api=N(e.agentIdentifier,n,e.runSoftNavOverSpa)),void 0===e.exposed&&(e.exposed=f),P=!0}},374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>s,P3:()=>c,XX:()=>i,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>a});const n="events",i="jserrors",o="browser/blobs",a="rum",s={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations",spa:"spa"},c={[s.pageViewEvent]:1,[s.pageViewTiming]:2,[s.metrics]:3,[s.jserrors]:4,[s.spa]:5,[s.ajax]:6,[s.sessionTrace]:7,[s.softNav]:8,[s.sessionReplay]:9,[s.logging]:10,[s.genericEvents]:11},u={[s.pageViewEvent]:a,[s.pageViewTiming]:n,[s.ajax]:n,[s.spa]:n,[s.softNav]:n,[s.metrics]:i,[s.jserrors]:i,[s.sessionTrace]:o,[s.sessionReplay]:o,[s.logging]:"browser/logs",[s.genericEvents]:"ins"}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var o=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](o,o.exports,i),o.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce(((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t)),[])),i.u=e=>"nr-rum-1.283.2.min.js",i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.283.2.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,o,a)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var s,c;if(void 0!==o)for(var u=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),l=0;l<u.length;l++){var d=u[l];if(d.getAttribute("src")==r||d.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+o){s=d;break}}if(!s){c=!0;var f={296:"sha512-2Y8GMAOGF658KnXzOZ/v+DlLch8TBFvV0tTNnOy9wrpvtDa1t5CdZMyX+LubTymBlzPp6NUjllBghMCZqXBPmg=="};(s=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",s.timeout=120,i.nc&&s.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),s.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+o),s.src=r,0!==s.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(s.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[a]&&(s.integrity=f[a])}e[r]=[n];var g=(t,n)=>{s.onerror=s.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],s.parentNode&&s.parentNode.removeChild(s),i&&i.forEach((e=>e(n))),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(g.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:s}),12e4);s.onerror=g.bind(null,s.onerror),s.onload=g.bind(null,s.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(s)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={374:0,840:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var o=new Promise(((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]));r.push(n[2]=o);var a=i.p+i.u(t),s=new Error;i.l(a,(r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var o=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),a=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;s.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed.\n("+o+": "+a+")",s.name="ChunkLoadError",s.type=o,s.request=a,n[1](s)}}),"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,o,[a,s,c]=r,u=0;if(a.some((t=>0!==e[t]))){for(n in s)i.o(s,n)&&(i.m[n]=s[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);u<a.length;u++)o=a[u],i.o(e,o)&&e[o]&&e[o][0](),e[o]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.283.2.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(374);var e=i(944),t=i(344),r=i(566);class n{agentIdentifier;constructor(){this.agentIdentifier=(0,r.LA)(16)}#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e("addPageAction",e,t)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e("recordCustomEvent",e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e("setPageViewName",e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e("setCustomAttribute",e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e("noticeError",e,t)}setUserId(e){return this.#e("setUserId",e)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e("setApplicationVersion",e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e("setErrorHandler",e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e("addRelease",e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e("log",e,t)}}class o extends n{#e(t,...r){if("function"==typeof this.api?.[t])return this.api[t](...r);(0,e.R)(35,t)}start(){return this.#e("start")}finished(e){return this.#e("finished",e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.RECORD)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(t.G4.PAUSE)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e("addToTrace",e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e("setCurrentRouteName",e)}interaction(){return this.#e("interaction")}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e("wrapLogger",e,t,r)}}var a=i(860),s=i(217);const c=Object.values(a.K7);function u(e){const t={};return c.forEach((r=>{t[r]=function(e,t){return!0===(0,s.gD)(t,"".concat(e,".enabled"))}(r,e)})),t}var l=i(603);var d=i(687),f=i(234),g=i(289),p=i(154),m=i(384);const h=e=>p.RI&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"privacy.cookies_enabled");function v(e){return!!(0,m.dV)().o.MO&&h(e)&&!0===(0,s.gD)(e,"session_trace.enabled")}var b=i(389);class y extends f.W{constructor(e,t,r=!0){super(e.agentIdentifier,t),this.auto=r,this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=void 0,!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart&&(this.auto=!1),this.auto?(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,t):this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,b.J)((()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),this.auto=!0,this.importAggregator(e)})))}importAggregator(t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate||!this.auto)return;let n;this.onAggregateImported=new Promise((e=>{n=e}));const o=async()=>{let o;try{if(h(this.agentIdentifier)){const{setupAgentSession:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,861));o=e(t)}}catch(t){(0,e.R)(20,t),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[t]),this.featureName===a.K7.sessionReplay&&this.abortHandler?.()}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,o))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName),void n(!1);const{lazyFeatureLoader:e}=await i.e(296).then(i.bind(i,103)),{Aggregate:a}=await e(this.featureName,"aggregate");this.featAggregate=new a(t,r),t.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),n(!0)}catch(t){(0,e.R)(34,t),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentIdentifier,this.featureName,!0),n(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};p.RI?(0,g.GG)((()=>o()),!0):o()}#t(e,t){switch(e){case a.K7.sessionReplay:return v(this.agentIdentifier)&&!!t;case a.K7.sessionTrace:return!!t;default:return!0}}}var w=i(630);class R extends y{static featureName=w.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,w.T,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}var A=i(908),E=i(843),_=i(878),x=i(782),N=i(863);class k extends y{static featureName=x.T;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,x.T,t),p.RI&&((0,E.u)((()=>(0,A.p)("docHidden",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee)),!0),(0,_.sp)("pagehide",(()=>(0,A.p)("winPagehide",[(0,N.t)()],void 0,x.T,this.ee))),this.importAggregator(e))}}var T=i(773);class j extends y{static featureName=T.TZ;constructor(e,t=!0){super(e,T.TZ,t),this.importAggregator(e)}}new class extends o{constructor(t){super(),p.gm?(this.features={},(0,m.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(t.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(R),this.runSoftNavOverSpa=[...this.desiredFeatures].some((e=>e.featureName===a.K7.softNav)),(0,l.j)(this,t,t.loaderType||"agent"),this.run()):(0,e.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}run(){try{const t=u(this.agentIdentifier),r=[...this.desiredFeatures];r.sort(((e,t)=>a.P3[e.featureName]-a.P3[t.featureName])),r.forEach((r=>{if(!t[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==a.K7.pageViewEvent)return;if(this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.spa)return;if(!this.runSoftNavOverSpa&&r.featureName===a.K7.softNav)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case a.K7.ajax:return[a.K7.jserrors];case a.K7.sessionTrace:return[a.K7.ajax,a.K7.pageViewEvent];case a.K7.sessionReplay:return[a.K7.sessionTrace];case a.K7.pageViewTiming:return[a.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter((e=>!(e in this.features)));n.length>0&&(0,e.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)}))}catch(t){(0,e.R)(22,t);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const r=(0,m.Zm)();delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.api,delete r.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return r.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}({features:[R,k,j],loaderType:"lite"})})()})();</script>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, maximum-scale=1">
<script>
window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);}
gtag('js', new Date());
gtag('config', 'UA-147034615-1');
</script>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W8TVZ6J');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<!-- DAP -->
<script language="javascript" id="_fed_an_ua_tag" src="https://dap.digitalgov.gov/Universal-Federated-Analytics-Min.js?agency=HHS&amp;subagency=NIH&amp;exts=doc,docx,xls,xlsx,xlsm,ppt,pptx,exe,zip,pdf,js,txt,csv,dxf,wmv,jpg,wma,mov,avi,mp3,mp4,csv"></script>
<!-- End DAP -->
</head>
<body class="fout-fix" data-spy="scroll" data-target="#scrollnav">
<a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable">
Skip to main content
</a>
<!-- Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W8TVZ6J"
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager (noscript) -->
<div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
<div class="mobile-overlay" id="overlay" aria-hidden="true"></div>
<div id="header-container" class="header-container">
<div class="ribbon fluid-container">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12">
<div class="ribbon-links">
<a href="http://www.hhs.gov/" class="">
<img src="/assets/hhs-logo.png" alt="U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services website"/>
U.S. Department of Health &amp; Human Services
</a>
<img src="/assets/delimiter-arrow.png" alt="" role="presentation"/>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/">National Institutes of Health</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="layout-container">
<header class="container navbar navbar-light navbar">
<div class="navbar-header-btns">
<button class="menu-btn" type="button" class="" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button>
<button class='searchBtnMobile' aria-label="search-toggle"></button>
</div>
<a href="/" class="navbar-logo gtm-header-home" title="Navbar Logo Title"><img src="../../../assets/NIH_HEAL_Color.svg" alt="Navbar Logo Alt"></a>
<form class="search-menu form-inline d-lg-block" action="https://search.usa.gov/search" accept-charset="UTF-8" method="get">
<input name="utf8" type="hidden" value="✓">
<input type="hidden" name="affiliate" id="affiliate" value="heal">
<div class="input-group">
<input class="search-input form-control" type="search" placeholder="Search" aria-label="Search heal.nih.gov" name="query">
<div class="input-group-append">
<button type="submit" class="btn btn gtm-header-search btn-tertiary">Search</button>
</div>
</div>
</form>
<nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-particle-mainnavigation-menu" class="container navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light primary-navigation">
<h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-particle-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</h2>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-0">
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/about" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43151">About</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-1">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/why-heal" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43131">Why HEAL?</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/opioid-crisis" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43136">The Opioid Crisis</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/impact" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42501">Making a Difference</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/nih-heal-initiative-leadership" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43146">NIH HEAL Initiative Leadership</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/nih-heal-initiative-annual-report-budget" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43141">Annual Report and Budget</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/about/strategic-plan" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46921">Strategic Planning</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/16">Research</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/61">Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-2">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/brim" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/106">Behavioral Research to Improve Medication-Based Treatment</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/continuum-care-hospitalized-patients-opioid-use-disorder" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42151">The Continuum of Care in Hospitalized Patients with Opioid Use Disorder and Infectious Complications of Drug Use</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/enhancing-clinical-trials-network" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/96">Enhancing the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network to Address Opioids</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/harm-reduction-approaches-reduce-overdose-deaths" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/41416">Harm Reduction Research Network</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/healing-communities" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/91">HEALing Communities Study</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/delivery-healthcare-services-polysubstance-use" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42146">Improving Delivery of Healthcare Services for Polysubstance Use</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/jcoin" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/101">Justice Community Opioid Innovation Network</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/native-collective-research-effort-enhance-wellness-overdose-substance-mental-health-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42586">Native Collective Research Effort to Enhance Wellness (N CREW) Program: Addressing Overdose, Substance Use, Mental Health, and Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/optimizing-addiction-services" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44086">Optimizing the Quality, Reach, and Impact of Addiction Services</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/research-recovery-network" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39646">Recovery Research Networks</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/new-strategies" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/66">New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/care-polysubstance-use-primary-care" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42126">Collaborative Care for Polysubstance use in Primary Care Settings (Co-Care)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/optimizing-care" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/111">Optimizing Care for People with Opioid Use Disorder and Mental Health Conditions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/duration-retention-discontinuation" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/126">Optimizing the Duration, Retention, and Discontinuation of Medication Treatment for Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/preventing-opioid-use-disorder" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/116">Preventing Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/prevent-progression" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/131">Prevention of Progression to Moderate or Severe Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/new-strategies/sleep-dysfunction" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/121">Sleep Dysfunction as a Core Feature of Opioid Use Disorder and Recovery</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/71">Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/act-now" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/136">Advancing Clinical Trials in Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal (ACT NOW)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/opioid-exposure-during-pregnancy" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44096">The Biology of Opioid Exposure During Pregnancy and Effects on Early Neuro-Behavioral Development</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/healthy-brain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/141">HEALthy Brain and Child Development Study (HBCD)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/virtual-assessments-developmental-trajectories" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44101">Virtual Assessments to Understand Developmental Trajectories of Substance Use Exposure</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/76">Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/immunotherapies" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/151">Development of Novel Immunotherapeutics for Opioid Addiction</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/focusing-development" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/146">Focusing Medication Development to Prevent and Treat Opioid Use Disorders and Overdose</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/oral-complications-buprenorphine" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44106">Oral Complications Arising From Pharmacotherapies to Treat Opioid Use Disorders</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/therapeutic-options/rapid-assessment-emerging-opioid-threats" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44111">Rapidly Assessing the Public Health Impact of Emerging Opioid Threats</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/clinical-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/81">Clinical Research in Pain Management</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/health-equity-pain-management" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42106">Advancing Health Equity in Pain Management</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/pain-signatures" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/186">Acute to Chronic Pain Signatures Program</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/back-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/161">Back Pain Consortium Research Program</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/biomarkers" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/191">Discovery and Validation of Biomarkers, Endpoints and Signatures for Pain Conditions</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/eppic-net" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/176">Early Phase Pain Investigation Clinical Network (EPPIC-Net)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/hemodialysis" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/181">Integrated Approach to Pain and Opioid Use in Hemodialysis Patients</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/pain-management-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/166">Pain Management Effectiveness Research Network</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/prism" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/171">Pragmatic and Implementation Studies for the Management of Pain to Reduce Opioid Prescribing (PRISM)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/chronic-pain-rural-populations" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44091">Prevention and Management of Chronic Pain in Rural Populations</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/clinical-research/integrative-management-chronic-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39621">Reducing Opioid-Related Harms to Treat Chronic Pain (IMPOWR and MIRHIQL)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/86">Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/optimization-non-addictive-therapies" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/206">Development and Optimization of Non-Addictive Therapies to Treat Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/novel-targets" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/216">Discovery and Validation of Novel Targets for Safe and Effective Treatment of Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/integrated-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44116">Integrated Basic and Clinical Team-Based Research in Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/screening-platform" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/211">Preclinical Screening Platform for Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/restoring-joint-health-function-reduce-pain" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42136">Restoring Joint Health and Function to Reduce Pain Consortium (RE-JOIN)</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/discoveries-into-devices" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/201">Translating Discoveries into Effective Devices to Treat Pain</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/novel-drugs-screening-platforms" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/196">Translational Research to Advance Testing of Novel Drugs and Human Cell-Based Screening Platforms to Treat Pain and Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40331">Cross-Cutting Research</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-2 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/real-time-opioid-pain-management-data" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42116">Leveraging Existing and Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/small-business-programs" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42111">Small Business Programs</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/stigma-pain-management-opioid-disorder" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40256">Stigma in Pain Management and Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-2">
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/translating-data-action-prevent-overdose" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-third" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42121">HEAL Data2Action (HD2A)</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/research/training-next-generation-researchers" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/46831">Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/data" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/44206">Data</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="no-bullets menu-level-1">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/heal-data-ecosystem" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/38836">About the HEAL Data Ecosystem</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/complying-heal-data-sharing-policy" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39216">Complying With the HEAL Data Sharing Policy</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/common-data-elements" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/39116">Common Data Elements (CDEs) Program</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/common-data-elements-repository" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42871">Common Data Elements (CDEs) Repository</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/ecosystem-events-outreach" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40321">HEAL Data Ecosystem Events and Outreach</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/public-access-data" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/51">HEAL Public Access and Data Sharing</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/data/data-ecosystem-collective-board" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40951">HEAL Data Ecosystem Collective Board</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/funding" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/221">Funding</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/awarded" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/881">Funded Projects</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/open" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/871">Open Funding Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/closed" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/876">Closed Funding Opportunities</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/funding/research-concepts" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/40206">Research Concepts</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded menu-item--active-trail no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/news" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/226">News &amp; Events</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/news" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33666">News</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/events" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33671">Events</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/events/headliners" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/42551">Headliners Webinar Series</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--active-trail no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/news/stories" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/33676">Research Spotlights</a>
</li>
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/videos" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/36351">Videos</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="menu-item menu-item--expanded no-bullets nav-list-item-0">
<a href="/resources" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-link" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/231">Resources</a>
<button class="expand-btn" aria-label="expand-button"></button>
<ul class="menu-level-1 no-bullets">
<li class="menu-item no-bullets nav-list-item-1">
<a href="/resources/engagement" class="menu-link gtm-topnav-drop" tabindex="0" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/43166">Patient and Community Engagement</a>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</header>
<div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>
<div class="color-gradient"></div>
<main role="main">
<div class="container">
<a id="main-content" tabindex="-1"></a>
<div class="row">
<div class="col-sm-12 breadcrumb-col col-md-7">
<div id="block-particle-breadcrumbs">
<nav aria-label="breadcrumb" role="navigation">
<ol class="breadcrumb">
<li class="breadcrumb-item gtm-breadcrumb"><a href="/" class="gtm-breadcrumb">Home</a></li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item gtm-breadcrumb"><a href="/news" class="gtm-breadcrumb">News & Events</a></li>
<li class="breadcrumb-item active is-active gtm-breadcrumb" aria-current="page">Research Spotlights</li>
</ol>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-sm-12 col-md-5">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="layout-content">
<div>
<div id="block-particle-content">
<h1> Research Spotlights </h1>
<div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--basic-content paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class="container">
<div class='basic-content content-align-centered padding-bottom--14'>
<div class='basic-content-grid-container ' style=''>
<div class="basic-content-grid-no-media">
<div>
<h2>Explore the projects helping to make a difference in the opioid crisis.</h2>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--dynamic-content paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class='container'>
<div class="dynamic_content">
<div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="container spotlights-landing research-spotlight js-view-dom-id-792fd2181b5b52ee992731fa3aec749ba6b5a384d1c1290d0ee2b8a266ed1e5a">
<div class="spotlight-header">
<form class="views-exposed-form bef-exposed-form" data-bef-auto-submit-full-form="" data-bef-auto-submit="" data-bef-auto-submit-delay="500" data-drupal-selector="views-exposed-form-spotlight-index-spotlight-listing" action="/news/stories/spotlights-all" method="get" id="views-exposed-form-spotlight-index-spotlight-listing" accept-charset="UTF-8">
<section class="container mt-5 spotlight-search">
<div class="row justify-content-center spotlight-search-container">
<div class="form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-search-api-autocomplete form-item-keywords js-form-item-keywords">
<label for="edit-keywords">Fulltext Search</label>
<input data-bef-auto-submit-exclude="" data-drupal-selector="edit-keywords" data-search-api-autocomplete-search="spotlight_index" class="form-autocomplete form-text" data-autocomplete-path="/search_api_autocomplete/spotlight_index?display=spotlight_listing&amp;&amp;filter=keywords" type="text" id="edit-keywords" name="keywords" value="" size="30" maxlength="128" placeholder="Search spotlights by keyword" />
</div>
<div class="col-5 col-lg-2 pt-2">
<button class="btn submit-secondary-btn btn-block align-middle" aria-label='spotlight-submit' aria-controls='edit-keys' data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-spotlights" type="submit" id="edit-submit-spotlights" value="Search">
Search
</button>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-3 pt-2 spotlight-sort-container">
<div class="dropdown show">
<a class="spotlight-sort-btn btn-block" href="#" role="button" id="spotlight-sort-dropdown" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false">
Sort By<span class="dropdown-toggle"></a>
<div id="spotlight-sort" class="spotlight-sort-dropdown dropdown-menu" aria-labelledby="spotlight-sort-dropdown">
<div class="form-group js-form-item form-item js-form-type-select form-item-sort-by js-form-item-sort-by">
<label for="edit-sort-by">Sort by</label>
<input type="hidden" name="sort_by" value="title" />
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-sort-by" id="edit-sort-by" name="sort_by" class="bef-links">
<ul><li><a href="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories?sort_by=field_publishing_date" id="edit-sort-by-field-publishing-date" name="sort_by[field_publishing_date]" class="bef-link">Most Recent</a> <li><a href="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories" id="edit-sort-by-title" name="sort_by[title]" class="bef-link bef-link--selected">Title</a> <li><a href="https://heal.nih.gov/news/stories?sort_by=field_publishing_date_1" id="edit-sort-by-field-publishing-date-1" name="sort_by[field_publishing_date_1]" class="bef-link">Oldest to Most Recent</a></li></ul> </div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div id="advanced-search-fields" class="collapse border-secondary pt-2 advanced-search-fields-container container">
<span class="asf-top-border"></span>
<div class="d-md-flex mt-2 justify-content-around">
<div class="col-md-6 advanced-search-filter">
<div class="dropdown mb-2">
<a class=" btn-block" id="" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" href="" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="">
Research Focus Area<span class="dropdown-toggle">
<span></a>
<div id="" class=" dropdown-menu mb-2" aria-labelledby="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col-md-6 advanced-search-filter">
<div class="dropdown mb-2">
<a class=" btn-block" id="" data-bs-toggle="dropdown" href="" role="button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="">
Research Program<span class="dropdown-toggle">
<span></a>
<div id="" class=" dropdown-menu mb-2" aria-labelledby="">
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container">
<div class="row justify-content-center justify-content-sm-end pr-3 mb-2">
<div data-drupal-selector="edit-actions" class="form-actions form-group" id="edit-actions"><input data-bef-auto-submit-click="" data-drupal-selector="edit-submit-spotlight-index" type="submit" id="edit-submit-spotlight-index" value="Apply All Filters" class="button js-form-submit form-submit" />
</div>
<a class="advanced-search-reset-button options-secondary-btn ml-2 rounded btn btn-secondary" href=/news/stories>
Reset
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</section>
</form>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-results-container">
<div class="row m-0 p-0 pt-3 col-12 justify-content-between">
<header class="results-counter">
Showing 10 results
</header>
<div class="view-all-white">
<div class="more-link form-group"><a href="/news/stories/spotlights-all">View All</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="731837929">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/hbcd-spotlight.jpg?itok=jU5ikwae" width="900" height="507" alt="mother holding an infant on her shoulder" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/tracking-effects-on-brain-development">Tracking Effects on Brain Development</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
Understanding how environmental exposures affect infant and child brain development
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: April 13, 2022
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/infants-and-children/healthy-brain" target="_blank">HBCD Study</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1365916131">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/Orphan-GPCR_Getty486787572_640x480px.jpg?itok=IjbmJL-4" width="900" height="507" alt="Image of hip sciatica pain for the orphan GPCR spotlight" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/unlocking-secrets">Unlocking the Secrets of Nerve Pain</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
An NIH HEAL Initiative® research team is searching for new targets for non-addictive pain treatments
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: October 5, 2020
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/novel-targets" target="_blank">Novel Targets</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1873428056">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/pain-models.jpg?itok=1-qwarvJ" width="900" height="507" alt="An image of sensory neurons" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/unraveling-human-pain">Unraveling Human Pain: New HEAL Research Expands Models for Testing Pain Treatments</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
NIH researchers are exploring several promising directions and developments to better support people living with pain
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: December 9, 2024
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/preclinical-translational/novel-targets" target="_blank">Novel Targets</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1375825494">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/Virtual%20Reality%20image%202.png?itok=s-EIg9RJ" width="900" height="507" alt="Virtual Reality" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/virtual-reality">Using Virtual Reality to Treat Real Pain</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
Can immersive experiences provide relief by distracting patients from pain?
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: December 22, 2020
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/clinical-research/back-pain" target="_blank">Back Pain Consortium Research Program</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1319170487">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/schottenfeld-video.JPG?itok=wuo82Mly" width="900" height="507" alt="Richard Schottenfeld" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/video-better-together">Video: Better Together With the D.C. Dream Center</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
HEAL-funded researchers work together with D.C. communities hard-hit by the opioid crisis
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: May 12, 2023
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/research-to-practice/enhancing-clinical-trials-network" target="_blank">NIDA CTN</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1317256989">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/ahalt-data-thumbnail.jpg?itok=QLh5u7LQ" width="900" height="507" alt="Stanley Ahalt, Ph.D., speaking to the camera" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/hearing-data-speak-video">Video: Hearing Data Speak</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
The Power of the HEAL Data Ecosystem
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: June 21, 2023
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1044063520">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/sowa-preview.jpg?itok=1st0kLkk" width="900" height="507" alt="A preview image of the Sowa Video Spotlight" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/person-centered-treatment-chronic-low-back-pain">Video: Person-Centered Treatment of Chronic Low Back Pain</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
Researchers look for best ways to manage chronic low back pain based on peoples unique experience of pain
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: October 9, 2024
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/clinical-research/back-pain" target="_blank">Back Pain Consortium Research Program</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="2101959159">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/Logan%20Preview.jpg?itok=UEPE9LZG" width="900" height="507" alt="Dr. Ryan Logan" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/video-sleep-circadian-rhythms-opioid-use-disorder">Video: Sleep, Circadian Rhythms, and Opioid Use Disorder</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
Combinations of animal and human studies explore sleep and circadian rhythms to target opioid use.
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: December 11, 2023
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/new-strategies/sleep-dysfunction" target="_blank">Sleep Dysfunction</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="2133913918">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/Basbaum.jpg?itok=1Of1BZ5C" width="900" height="507" alt="Dr. Allan Basbaum" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/pain-patient-perspective">Video: The Patient Perspective on Pain</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
Dr. Allan Basbaum explains why interacting with pain patients is important for basic scientists.
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: February 2, 2023
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="row" id="1081914093">
<div class="views-row, views-row-spotlight">
<div class="row, spotlight-container">
<div class="col-4, spotlight-imagecol" style="float:left">
<div class="spotlight-image">
<div>
<div class="visually-hidden field-label">Image</div>
<img loading="lazy" src="/files/styles/callout_carousel/public/shover-video-thumbnail.jpg?itok=zGtEDrpK" width="900" height="507" alt="Chelsea Shover, Ph.D. speaks to the camera" class="img-fluid" />
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="col, spotlight-contentcol">
<div class="spotlight-title">
<a href="/news/stories/timely-data-directs-providers">Video: Timely Data Directs Providers to Communities in Need</a>
</div>
<div class="spotlight-subtitle">
Access to real-time data helps treatment providers and harm reduction organizations
</div>
<div class="spotlight-date">
Published: August 17, 2023
</div>
<div class="spotlight-topics">
Topics:
<a href="/research/cross-cutting-research/real-time-opioid-pain-management-data" target="_blank">Real-Time Opioid and Pain Management Data</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="p-4 pattern">
<div class="spotlight-pagination">
<nav class="pager spotlights-pager row justify-content-around justify-content-md-center pb-2" role="navigation" aria-label="Paginaton navigation">
<div class="page-item pager__item pager__item--previous">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=7" title="Go to previous page" rel="prev" class="page-link">
<span aria-hidden="true">← Back</span>
</a>
</div>
<div class="pagination-container flex-wrap">
<ul class="pagination pager__items js-pager__items justify-content-center align-items-center">
<li class="page-item pager__item pager__item--first">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=0" title="Go to first page" class="page-link">
<span aria-hidden="true">«</span>
</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item pager__item--ellipsis" role="presentation">&hellip;</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=1" title="Go to page 2" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>2</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=2" title="Go to page 3" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>3</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=3" title="Go to page 4" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>4</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=4" title="Go to page 5" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>5</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=5" title="Go to page 6" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>6</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=6" title="Go to page 7" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>7</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=7" title="Go to page 8" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>8</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item active">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=8" title="Current page" aria-current="page" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Current page
</span>9</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=9" title="Go to page 10" class="page-link">
<span class="visually-hidden">
Page
</span>10</a>
</li>
<li class="page-item pager__item pager__item--last">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=9" title="Go to last page" class="page-link">
<span aria-hidden="true">»</span>
</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="page-item pager__item pager__item--next pb-2">
<a href="?sort_by=title&amp;page=9" title="Go to next page" rel="next" class="page-link">
<span aria-hidden="true">Next →</span>
</a>
</div>
</nav>
</div>
<div class="row justify-content-center">
<div class="p-2 view-all-royal">
<div class="more-link form-group"><a href="/news/stories/spotlights-all">View All</a></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--cards paragraph--view-mode--default">
<div class="container">
<div class="row card-grid pattern">
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
News
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Stay up-to-date on the latest news from the initiative.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=/news/news>
All news
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
Events
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Learn about the initiatives upcoming and past events.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=/news/events>
All events
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
About the Initiative
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Learn about the initiatives research plan and funding.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=/about>
About HEAL
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class='col-lg-3 col-md-6 col-sm-12'>
<div class='border-none card'>
<div class='card-body'>
<h3 class='card-title'>
Stay Connected
</h3>
<div class='card-text'>
<p>Stay up to date on the latest NIH HEAL Initiative research advances by subscribing to receive HEAL content directly to your inbox.</p>
</div>
<a class="btn btn-primary gtm-card-button bottom-button mt-2" href=https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/signup/43013>
Subscribe
</a>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</main>
<div class="container">
<p class="last-updated">Page last updated
October 22, 2024</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<footer class="fluid-container p-3 footer" role="contentinfo">
<div class="container">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12 col-md-3">
<div class="footer-logo"><a href="/"><img alt="NIH HEAL Initiative" src="/assets/HEAL_Initaitive_White.svg" /></a></div>
<h2>Contact Us</h2>
<p>Please send email to <a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#a2eae7e3eed3d7c7d1d6cbcdcce2cdc68ccccbca8cc5cdd4"><span class="__cf_email__" data-cfemail="612924202d1014041215080e0f210e054f0f08094f060e17">[email&#160;protected]</span></a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-md-3">
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/about">About</a></h2>
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/about/research-plan">Research Plan</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/about/nih-heal-initiative-leadership">Leadership</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding">Funding</a></h2>
<ul class="list-unstyled">
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding/awarded">Funded Projects</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding/open">Open Opportunities</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/funding/closed">Closed Opportunities</a></li>
</ul>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/data">Data</a></h2>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/news">News</a></h2>
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/resources">Resources</a></h2>
</div>
<div class="col-6 col-md-3">
<h2><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research">Research</a></h2>
<ul class="list-unstyled research-list">
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/research-to-practice">Translation of Research to Practice for the Treatment of Opioid Addiction</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/new-strategies">New Strategies to Prevent and Treat Opioid Addiction</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/infants-and-children">Enhanced Outcomes for Infants and Children Exposed to Opioids</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/medication-options">Novel Therapeutic Options for Opioid Use Disorder and Overdose</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/clinical-research">Clinical Research in Pain Management</a></li>
<li><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="/research/preclinical-translational">Preclinical and Translational Research in Pain Management</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/cross-cutting-research">Cross-Cutting Research</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/training-next-generation-researchers">Training the Next Generation of Researchers in HEAL</a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="col-12 col-md-3">
<h2>Stay Connected</h2>
<p><a href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNIHNIDA/signup/43013" target="_blank" class="signup">Sign up for news and updates.</a></p>
<div class="footer-social-media">
<h2>Follow NIH</h2>
<a aria-label="Follow us on X" class="gtm-social-twitter" href="https://twitter.com/nih" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="Twitter Icon" class="x-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
<a aria-label="Follow us on Instagram" class="gtm-social-instagram" href="https://www.instagram.com/nihgov" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="Instagram Icon" class="ig-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
<a aria-label="Follow us on Facebook" class="gtm-social-facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/nih.gov/" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="Facebook Icon" class="fb-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
<a aria-label="Visit the HEAL YouTube" class="gtm-social-youtube" href="https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLd_5BzGlfpgpkK12ToGD9VtxF8ClhEusZ" target="_blank">
<span aria-label="YouTube Icon" class="yt-icon">&nbsp;</span>
</a>
</div>
</div>
<hr class="col-12" />
<div class="col-md-12 gov-links">
<ul class="list-inline">
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH Home</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://salud.nih.gov/">En Español</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.nih.gov/web-policies-notices">Web Policies and Notices</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office">Freedom of Information Act</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.edi.nih.gov/no-fear-act">No Fear Act</a></li>
<li class="list-inline-item"><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://oig.hhs.gov/">Office of Inspector General</a></li>
</ul>
<p><a class="gtm-footer-link" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">U.S. Department of Health and Human Services</a></p>
</div>
<div class="col-md-9 mx-auto gov-links">
<p>Helping to End Addiction Long-term<sup>®</sup> and NIH HEAL Initiative<sup>®</sup> are registered service marks of the Department of Health and Human Services.</p>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script data-cfasync="false" src="/cdn-cgi/scripts/5c5dd728/cloudflare-static/email-decode.min.js"></script><script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/33676","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":false,"currentLanguage":"en","currentQuery":{"page":"8","sort_by":"title"}},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJx1kGuuAyEIRjek45IMjnQ0F8UI9rH7O9PYV9L-IX7HI0EgRmWoNwfzsJw6VzUBVbF7vDYWjP6UaY_iYCh7GaHkn8qGFTuQiXypxBA95frnCQISdveg9qB2UqsJCxq86kFd7KMBLTOaBh22Di3J4-ZFllHbCJQlYTxEzSuhW7njK0njvdGW1AhCX5OHlv3xkZVLI9Td-M6N3ESxuACC5pzxIu5el8Jx0EQfL55LmIPeDftu2Gn8A-lIlWo","theme":"particle","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":{"\/news\/stories\/spotlights-all":true},"data":{"extlink":{"extTarget":true,"extTargetAppendNewWindowLabel":"(opens in a new window)","extTargetNoOverride":false,"extNofollow":false,"extTitleNoOverride":false,"extNoreferrer":false,"extFollowNoOverride":false,"extClass":"ext","extLabel":"(link is external)","extImgClass":false,"extSubdomains":true,"extExclude":"(\\.gov.*?)","extInclude":"","extCssExclude":".footer-social-media, .social-share-button, .twitter-share-button","extCssInclude":"","extCssExplicit":"","extAlert":false,"extAlertText":"This link will take you to an external web site. We are not responsible for their content.","extHideIcons":false,"mailtoClass":"0","telClass":"","mailtoLabel":"(link sends email)","telLabel":"(link is a phone number)","extUseFontAwesome":false,"extIconPlacement":"append","extPreventOrphan":false,"extFaLinkClasses":"fa fa-external-link","extFaMailtoClasses":"fa fa-envelope-o","extAdditionalLinkClasses":"","extAdditionalMailtoClasses":"","extAdditionalTelClasses":"","extFaTelClasses":"fa fa-phone","whitelistedDomains":null,"extExcludeNoreferrer":""}},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"af5eece730f2d5aa6b0d43e1d564e85bd63161885787ef00214b14f2707a18ff"}}</script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/../../dist/app-drupal/assets/drupal-jquery.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/jquery-patch-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/autocomplete-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/menu-min.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.2.0"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/autocomplete.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" defer></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/better_exposed_filters/js/auto_submit.js?v=6.x"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/better_exposed_filters/js/better_exposed_filters.js?v=6.x"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/extlink/js/extlink.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/funding.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/../../dist/app-drupal/assets/app.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/menus.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/particle/apps/drupal/spotlight.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/stable/js/ajax.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/jquery.tabbable.shim.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/position.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/search_api_autocomplete/js/search_api_autocomplete.js?ss1xuy"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/form.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/views_autocomplete_filters/js/views-autocomplete-filters.js?v=10.4.1"></script>
<script type="text/javascript">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info={"beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"4885254293","applicationID":"336795922","transactionName":"M1JQZkdWDRVYWkIPCQoYc1FBXgwIFn1EExYFW25cWlMGOnpWWBIUC1teV0drLQldXGAPAxN0XVxBRQwKVVxES1gSXldF","queueTime":57,"applicationTime":1022,"atts":"HxVHEA9MHkobWBRcHRlK","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","agent":""}</script></body>
</html>