103 lines
120 KiB
HTML
103 lines
120 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html>
|
||
<html amp lang="en-US" data-amp-auto-lightbox-disable transformed="self;v=1" i-amphtml-layout="" i-amphtml-no-boilerplate="">
|
||
<head><meta charset="utf-8"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1"><link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ampproject.org"><style amp-runtime="" i-amphtml-version="012502032353000">html{overflow-x:hidden!important}html.i-amphtml-fie{height:100%!important;width:100%!important}html:not([amp4ads]),html:not([amp4ads]) body{height:auto!important}html:not([amp4ads]) body{margin:0!important}body{-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;-moz-text-size-adjust:100%;-ms-text-size-adjust:100%;text-size-adjust:100%}html.i-amphtml-singledoc.i-amphtml-embedded{-ms-touch-action:pan-y pinch-zoom;touch-action:pan-y pinch-zoom}html.i-amphtml-fie>body,html.i-amphtml-singledoc>body{overflow:visible!important}html.i-amphtml-fie:not(.i-amphtml-inabox)>body,html.i-amphtml-singledoc:not(.i-amphtml-inabox)>body{position:relative!important}html.i-amphtml-ios-embed-legacy>body{overflow-x:hidden!important;overflow-y:auto!important;position:absolute!important}html.i-amphtml-ios-embed{overflow-y:auto!important;position:static}#i-amphtml-wrapper{overflow-x:hidden!important;overflow-y:auto!important;position:absolute!important;top:0!important;left:0!important;right:0!important;bottom:0!important;margin:0!important;display:block!important}html.i-amphtml-ios-embed.i-amphtml-ios-overscroll,html.i-amphtml-ios-embed.i-amphtml-ios-overscroll>#i-amphtml-wrapper{-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch!important}#i-amphtml-wrapper>body{position:relative!important;border-top:1px solid transparent!important}#i-amphtml-wrapper+body{visibility:visible}#i-amphtml-wrapper+body .i-amphtml-lightbox-element,#i-amphtml-wrapper+body[i-amphtml-lightbox]{visibility:hidden}#i-amphtml-wrapper+body[i-amphtml-lightbox] .i-amphtml-lightbox-element{visibility:visible}#i-amphtml-wrapper.i-amphtml-scroll-disabled,.i-amphtml-scroll-disabled{overflow-x:hidden!important;overflow-y:hidden!important}amp-instagram{padding:54px 0px 0px!important;background-color:#fff}amp-iframe iframe{box-sizing:border-box!important}[amp-access][amp-access-hide]{display:none}[subscriptions-dialog],body:not(.i-amphtml-subs-ready) [subscriptions-action],body:not(.i-amphtml-subs-ready) [subscriptions-section]{display:none!important}amp-experiment,amp-live-list>[update]{display:none}amp-list[resizable-children]>.i-amphtml-loading-container.amp-hidden{display:none!important}amp-list [fetch-error],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-button],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-end],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-failed],amp-list[load-more] [load-more-loading]{display:none}amp-list[diffable] div[role=list]{display:block}amp-story-page,amp-story[standalone]{min-height:1px!important;display:block!important;height:100%!important;margin:0!important;padding:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;width:100%!important}amp-story[standalone]{background-color:#000!important;position:relative!important}amp-story-page{background-color:#757575}amp-story .amp-active>div,amp-story .i-amphtml-loader-background{display:none!important}amp-story-page:not(:first-of-type):not([distance]):not([active]){transform:translateY(1000vh)!important}amp-autocomplete{position:relative!important;display:inline-block!important}amp-autocomplete>input,amp-autocomplete>textarea{padding:0.5rem;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.33)}.i-amphtml-autocomplete-results,amp-autocomplete>input,amp-autocomplete>textarea{font-size:1rem;line-height:1.5rem}[amp-fx^=fly-in]{visibility:hidden}amp-script[nodom],amp-script[sandboxed]{position:fixed!important;top:0!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;visibility:hidden}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=/css/ampdoc.css*/[hidden]{display:none!important}.i-amphtml-element{display:inline-block}.i-amphtml-blurry-placeholder{transition:opacity 0.3s cubic-bezier(0.0,0.0,0.2,1)!important;pointer-events:none}[layout=nodisplay]:not(.i-amphtml-element){display:none!important}.i-amphtml-layout-fixed,[layout=fixed][width][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-fixed){display:inline-block;position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-responsive,[layout=responsive][width][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-responsive),[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-layout-responsive),[width][height][sizes]:not(img):not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-layout-responsive){display:block;position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic,[layout=intrinsic][width][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic){display:inline-block;position:relative;max-width:100%}.i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic .i-amphtml-sizer{max-width:100%}.i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer{max-width:100%;display:block!important}.i-amphtml-layout-container,.i-amphtml-layout-fixed-height,[layout=container],[layout=fixed-height][height]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-fixed-height){display:block;position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-fill,.i-amphtml-layout-fill.i-amphtml-notbuilt,[layout=fill]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-fill),body noscript>*{display:block;overflow:hidden!important;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}body noscript>*{position:absolute!important;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:2}body noscript{display:inline!important}.i-amphtml-layout-flex-item,[layout=flex-item]:not(.i-amphtml-layout-flex-item){display:block;position:relative;-ms-flex:1 1 auto;flex:1 1 auto}.i-amphtml-layout-fluid{position:relative}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined{overflow:hidden!important}.i-amphtml-layout-awaiting-size{position:absolute!important;top:auto!important;bottom:auto!important}i-amphtml-sizer{display:block!important}@supports (aspect-ratio:1/1){i-amphtml-sizer.i-amphtml-disable-ar{display:none!important}}.i-amphtml-blurry-placeholder,.i-amphtml-fill-content{display:block;height:0;max-height:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;min-width:100%;width:0;margin:auto}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined .i-amphtml-fill-content{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0}.i-amphtml-replaced-content,.i-amphtml-screen-reader{padding:0!important;border:none!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader{position:fixed!important;top:0px!important;left:0px!important;width:4px!important;height:4px!important;opacity:0!important;overflow:hidden!important;margin:0!important;display:block!important;visibility:visible!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader{left:8px!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader{left:12px!important}.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader~.i-amphtml-screen-reader{left:16px!important}.i-amphtml-unresolved{position:relative;overflow:hidden!important}.i-amphtml-select-disabled{-webkit-user-select:none!important;-ms-user-select:none!important;user-select:none!important}.i-amphtml-notbuilt,[layout]:not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][sizes]:not(img):not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element){position:relative;overflow:hidden!important;color:transparent!important}.i-amphtml-notbuilt:not(.i-amphtml-layout-container)>*,[layout]:not([layout=container]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>*,[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>*,[width][height][sizes]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>*{display:none}amp-img:not(.i-amphtml-element)[i-amphtml-ssr]>img.i-amphtml-fill-content{display:block}.i-amphtml-notbuilt:not(.i-amphtml-layout-container),[layout]:not([layout=container]):not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element),[width][height][sizes]:not(img):not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element){color:transparent!important;line-height:0!important}.i-amphtml-ghost{visibility:hidden!important}.i-amphtml-element>[placeholder],[layout]:not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder],[width][height][heights]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder],[width][height][sizes]:not([layout]):not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder]{display:block;line-height:normal}.i-amphtml-element>[placeholder].amp-hidden,.i-amphtml-element>[placeholder].hidden{visibility:hidden}.i-amphtml-element:not(.amp-notsupported)>[fallback],.i-amphtml-layout-container>[placeholder].amp-hidden,.i-amphtml-layout-container>[placeholder].hidden{display:none}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined>[fallback],.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined>[placeholder]{position:absolute!important;top:0!important;left:0!important;right:0!important;bottom:0!important;z-index:1}amp-img[i-amphtml-ssr]:not(.i-amphtml-element)>[placeholder]{z-index:auto}.i-amphtml-notbuilt>[placeholder]{display:block!important}.i-amphtml-hidden-by-media-query{display:none!important}.i-amphtml-element-error{background:red!important;color:#fff!important;position:relative!important}.i-amphtml-element-error:before{content:attr(error-message)}i-amp-scroll-container,i-amphtml-scroll-container{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;right:0;bottom:0;display:block}i-amp-scroll-container.amp-active,i-amphtml-scroll-container.amp-active{overflow:auto;-webkit-overflow-scrolling:touch}.i-amphtml-loading-container{display:block!important;pointer-events:none;z-index:1}.i-amphtml-notbuilt>.i-amphtml-loading-container{display:block!important}.i-amphtml-loading-container.amp-hidden{visibility:hidden}.i-amphtml-element>[overflow]{cursor:pointer;position:relative;z-index:2;visibility:hidden;display:initial;line-height:normal}.i-amphtml-layout-size-defined>[overflow]{position:absolute}.i-amphtml-element>[overflow].amp-visible{visibility:visible}template{display:none!important}.amp-border-box,.amp-border-box *,.amp-border-box :after,.amp-border-box :before{box-sizing:border-box}amp-pixel{display:none!important}amp-analytics,amp-auto-ads,amp-story-auto-ads{position:fixed!important;top:0!important;width:1px!important;height:1px!important;overflow:hidden!important;visibility:hidden}amp-story{visibility:hidden!important}html.i-amphtml-fie>amp-analytics{position:initial!important}[visible-when-invalid]:not(.visible),form [submit-error],form [submit-success],form [submitting]{display:none}amp-accordion{display:block!important}@media (min-width:1px){:where(amp-accordion>section)>:first-child{margin:0;background-color:#efefef;padding-right:20px;border:1px solid #dfdfdf}:where(amp-accordion>section)>:last-child{margin:0}}amp-accordion>section{float:none!important}amp-accordion>section>*{float:none!important;display:block!important;overflow:hidden!important;position:relative!important}amp-accordion,amp-accordion>section{margin:0}amp-accordion:not(.i-amphtml-built)>section>:last-child{display:none!important}amp-accordion:not(.i-amphtml-built)>section[expanded]>:last-child{display:block!important}
|
||
/*# sourceURL=/css/ampshared.css*/</style><meta property="og:type" content="article"><meta property="og:title" content="The National Commission on AIDS, 1989–1993"><meta property="og:url" content="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2022/01/07/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993/"><meta property="og:description" content="By Susan L. Speaker ~ The National Library of Medicine recently launched a new Profiles in Science site! Unlike most of our earlier Profiles, which feature the careers of individual biomedical scie…"><meta property="article:published_time" content="2022-01-07T16:00:15+00:00"><meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-12-19T16:05:46+00:00"><meta property="og:site_name" content="Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections"><meta property="og:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1"><meta property="og:image:width" content="900"><meta property="og:image:height" content="400"><meta property="og:image:alt" content="A still from a C-SPAN broadcast of a woman at a podium flanked by a panel."><meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"><meta name="twitter:site" content="@NLM_NIH"><meta name="twitter:text:title" content="The National Commission on AIDS, 1989–1993"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&w=640"><meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="A still from a C-SPAN broadcast of a woman at a podium flanked by a panel."><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"><meta name="generator" content="AMP Plugin v2.5.5; mode=reader; theme=legacy"><script async="" src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0.mjs" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0.js" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-anim-0.1.mjs" async="" custom-element="amp-anim" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-anim-0.1.js" crossorigin="anonymous" custom-element="amp-anim"></script><script src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-social-share-0.1.mjs" async="" custom-element="amp-social-share" type="module" crossorigin="anonymous"></script><script async nomodule src="https://cdn.ampproject.org/v0/amp-social-share-0.1.js" crossorigin="anonymous" custom-element="amp-social-share"></script><style amp-custom="">#amp-mobile-version-switcher{left:0;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:100}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a{background-color:#444;border:0;color:#eaeaea;display:block;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600;padding:15px 0;text-align:center;-webkit-text-decoration:none;text-decoration:none}#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a:active,#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a:focus,#amp-mobile-version-switcher>a:hover{-webkit-text-decoration:underline;text-decoration:underline}.jp-related-posts-i2__list{--hgap:1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:var(--hgap);row-gap:2rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) * 2 ) / 3)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;row-gap:.5rem;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;line-height:1.2}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-img{order:-1;max-width:100%}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs{margin:0;list-style-type:unset}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dt{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dd{margin:0}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}@media only screen and (max-width: 640px){.jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}}.tiled-gallery{clear:both;margin:0 0 20px;overflow:hidden}.tiled-gallery amp-img:not(#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_),.tiled-gallery amp-anim:not(#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_){margin:2px}.tiled-gallery .gallery-group{float:left;position:relative}.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item{float:left;margin:0;position:relative;width:inherit}.tiled-gallery .gallery-row{overflow:hidden}.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item a{background:transparent;border:none;color:inherit;margin:0;padding:0;text-decoration:none;width:auto}.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-img,.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-anim,.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-img:hover,.tiled-gallery .tiled-gallery-item amp-anim:hover{background:none;border:none;box-shadow:none;max-width:100%;padding:0;vertical-align:middle}.tiled-gallery-caption{background:#f0f0f1;background:rgba(255,255,255,.8);color:#333;font-size:13px;font-weight:400;overflow:hidden;padding:10px 0;position:absolute;bottom:0;text-indent:10px;text-overflow:ellipsis;width:100%;white-space:nowrap}.tiled-gallery.type-square .tiled-gallery-item amp-img,.tiled-gallery.type-square .tiled-gallery-item amp-anim{object-fit:cover}:where(.wp-block-button__link){border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration:none}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link){border:2px solid;padding:.667em 1.333em}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color)){color:currentColor}:root :where(.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.is-style-outline:not(.has-background)),:root :where(.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link:not(.has-background)){background-color:initial;background-image:none}:where(.wp-block-columns){margin-bottom:1.75em}:where(.wp-block-columns.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-post-comments input[type=submit]){border:none}:where(.wp-block-cover-image:not(.has-text-color)),:where(.wp-block-cover:not(.has-text-color)){color:#fff}:where(.wp-block-cover-image.is-light:not(.has-text-color)),:where(.wp-block-cover.is-light:not(.has-text-color)){color:#000}:root :where(.wp-block-cover h1:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h2:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h3:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h4:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h5:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover h6:not(.has-text-color)),:root :where(.wp-block-cover p:not(.has-text-color)){color:inherit}:where(.wp-block-file){margin-bottom:1.5em}:where(.wp-block-file__button){border-radius:2em;display:inline-block;padding:.5em 1em}:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):active,:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):focus,:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):hover,:where(.wp-block-file__button):is(a):visited{box-shadow:none;color:#fff;opacity:.85;text-decoration:none}:where(.wp-block-group.wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained){position:relative}@keyframes show-content-image{0%{visibility:hidden}99%{visibility:hidden}to{visibility:visible}}@keyframes turn-on-visibility{0%{opacity:0}to{opacity:1}}@keyframes turn-off-visibility{0%{opacity:1;visibility:visible}99%{opacity:0;visibility:visible}to{opacity:0;visibility:hidden}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-in{0%{transform:translate(calc(( -100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width) ) / 2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale))}to{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1)}}@keyframes lightbox-zoom-out{0%{transform:translate(-50%,-50%) scale(1);visibility:visible}99%{visibility:visible}to{transform:translate(calc(( -100vw + var(--wp--lightbox-scrollbar-width) ) / 2 + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-left-position)),calc(-50vh + var(--wp--lightbox-initial-top-position))) scale(var(--wp--lightbox-scale));visibility:hidden}}:where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([data-amp-original-style*=line-height] .wp-block-latest-comments__comment)){line-height:1.1}:where(.wp-block-latest-comments:not([data-amp-original-style*=line-height] .wp-block-latest-comments__comment-excerpt p)){line-height:1.8}:root :where(.wp-block-latest-posts.is-grid){padding:0}:root :where(.wp-block-latest-posts.wp-block-latest-posts__list){padding-left:0}ul{box-sizing:border-box}:root :where(.wp-block-list.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-navigation.has-background .wp-block-navigation-item a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation.has-background .wp-block-navigation-submenu a:not(.wp-element-button)){padding:.5em 1em}:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-item a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-submenu a:not(.wp-element-button)),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-navigation-submenu button.wp-block-navigation-item__content),:where(.wp-block-navigation .wp-block-navigation__submenu-container .wp-block-pages-list__item button.wp-block-navigation-item__content){padding:.5em 1em}@keyframes overlay-menu__fade-in-animation{0%{opacity:0;transform:translateY(.5em)}to{opacity:1;transform:translateY(0)}}:root :where(p.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(p.has-text-color:not(.has-link-color)) a{color:inherit}:where(.wp-block-post-excerpt){box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}:where(.wp-block-preformatted.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:where(.wp-block-search__button){border:1px solid #ccc;padding:6px 10px}:where(.wp-block-search__input){font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;letter-spacing:inherit;line-height:inherit;text-transform:inherit}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper){border:1px solid #949494;box-sizing:border-box;padding:4px}:where(.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper) :where(.wp-block-search__button){padding:4px 8px}:root :where(.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots){height:auto;line-height:1;text-align:center}:root :where(.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots):before{color:currentColor;content:"···";font-family:serif;font-size:1.5em;letter-spacing:2em;padding-left:2em}:root :where(.wp-block-site-logo.is-style-rounded){border-radius:9999px}:root :where(.wp-block-social-links .wp-social-link a){padding:.25em}:root :where(.wp-block-social-links.is-style-logos-only .wp-social-link a){padding:0}:root :where(.wp-block-social-links.is-style-pill-shape .wp-social-link a){padding-left:.6666666667em;padding-right:.6666666667em}:root :where(.wp-block-tag-cloud.is-style-outline){display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:1ch}:root :where(.wp-block-tag-cloud.is-style-outline a){border:1px solid;margin-right:0;padding:1ch 2ch}:root :where(.wp-block-tag-cloud.is-style-outline a):not(#_#_#_#_#_#_#_#_){font-size:unset;text-decoration:none}:root :where(.wp-block-table-of-contents){box-sizing:border-box}:where(.wp-block-term-description){box-sizing:border-box;margin-bottom:var(--wp--style--block-gap);margin-top:var(--wp--style--block-gap)}:where(pre.wp-block-verse){font-family:inherit}:root{--wp--preset--font-size--normal:16px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge:42px}html :where(.has-border-color){border-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-top-color]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-right-color]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-bottom-color]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-left-color]){border-left-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-width]){border-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-top-width]){border-top-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-right-width]){border-right-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-bottom-width]){border-bottom-style:solid}html :where([data-amp-original-style*=border-left-width]){border-left-style:solid}html :where(amp-img[class*=wp-image-]),html :where(amp-anim[class*=wp-image-]){height:auto;max-width:100%}:where(figure){margin:0 0 1em}html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:var(--wp-admin--admin-bar--height,0px)}@media screen and (max-width:600px){html :where(.is-position-sticky){--wp-admin--admin-bar--position-offset:0px}}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}@-webkit-keyframes a{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(1turn);transform:rotate(1turn)}}@keyframes a{to{-webkit-transform:rotate(1turn);transform:rotate(1turn)}}@-webkit-keyframes b{0%{background-position:0 0}to{background-position:30px 0}}@keyframes b{0%{background-position:0 0}to{background-position:30px 0}}amp-anim.amp-wp-enforced-sizes,amp-img.amp-wp-enforced-sizes{object-fit:contain}amp-anim img,amp-anim noscript,amp-img img,amp-img noscript{image-rendering:inherit;object-fit:inherit;object-position:inherit}.amp-wp-enforced-sizes{max-width:100%;margin:0 auto}html{background:#0a5f85}body{background:#fff;color:#353535;font-family:Georgia,"Times New Roman",Times,Serif;font-weight:300;line-height:1.75}p,ul,figure{margin:0 0 1em;padding:0}a,a:visited{color:#0a5f85}a:hover,a:active,a:focus{color:#353535}blockquote{color:#353535;background:rgba(127,127,127,.125);border-left:2px solid #0a5f85;margin:8px 0 24px 0;padding:16px}blockquote p:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.amp-wp-meta,.amp-wp-header div,.amp-wp-title,.wp-caption-text,.amp-wp-tax-category,.amp-wp-tax-tag,.amp-wp-comments-link,.amp-wp-footer p,.back-to-top{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI","Roboto","Oxygen-Sans","Ubuntu","Cantarell","Helvetica Neue",sans-serif}.amp-wp-header{background-color:#0a5f85}.amp-wp-header div{color:#fff;font-size:1em;font-weight:400;margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(840px - 32px);padding:.875em 16px;position:relative}.amp-wp-header a{color:#fff;text-decoration:none}.amp-wp-header .amp-wp-site-icon{background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;position:absolute;right:18px;top:10px}.amp-wp-article{color:#353535;font-weight:400;margin:1.5em auto;max-width:840px;overflow-wrap:break-word;word-wrap:break-word}.amp-wp-article-header{align-items:center;align-content:stretch;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;margin:1.5em 16px 0}.amp-wp-title{color:#353535;display:block;flex:1 0 100%;font-weight:900;margin:0 0 .625em;width:100%}.amp-wp-meta{color:#696969;display:inline-block;flex:2 1 50%;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0 0 1.5em;padding:0}.amp-wp-article-header .amp-wp-meta:last-of-type{text-align:right}.amp-wp-article-header .amp-wp-meta:first-of-type{text-align:left}.amp-wp-byline amp-img,.amp-wp-byline .amp-wp-author{display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle}.amp-wp-byline amp-img{border:1px solid #0a5f85;border-radius:50%;position:relative;margin-right:6px}.amp-wp-posted-on{text-align:right}.amp-wp-article-featured-image{margin:0 0 1em}.amp-wp-article-featured-image img:not(amp-img){max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:0 auto}.amp-wp-article-featured-image amp-img{margin:0 auto}.amp-wp-article-featured-image.wp-caption .wp-caption-text{margin:0 18px}.amp-wp-article-content{margin:0 16px}.amp-wp-article-content ul{margin-left:1em}.amp-wp-article-content .wp-caption{max-width:100%}.amp-wp-article-content amp-img{margin:0 auto}.wp-caption{padding:0}.wp-caption .wp-caption-text{border-bottom:1px solid #c2c2c2;color:#696969;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0;padding:.66em 10px .75em}.amp-wp-article-footer .amp-wp-meta{display:block}.amp-wp-tax-category,.amp-wp-tax-tag{color:#696969;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;margin:1.5em 16px}.amp-wp-comments-link{color:#696969;font-size:.875em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center;margin:2.25em 0 1.5em}.amp-wp-comments-link a{border-style:solid;border-color:#c2c2c2;border-width:1px 1px 2px;border-radius:4px;background-color:transparent;color:#0a5f85;cursor:pointer;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:600;line-height:18px;margin:0 auto;max-width:200px;padding:11px 16px;text-decoration:none;width:50%;-webkit-transition:background-color .2s ease;transition:background-color .2s ease}.amp-wp-footer{border-top:1px solid #c2c2c2;margin:calc(1.5em - 1px) 0 0}.amp-wp-footer div{margin:0 auto;max-width:calc(840px - 32px);padding:1.25em 16px 1.25em;position:relative}.amp-wp-footer h2{font-size:1em;line-height:1.375em;margin:0 0 .5em}.amp-wp-footer p{color:#696969;font-size:.8em;line-height:1.5em;margin:0 85px 0 0}.amp-wp-footer a{text-decoration:none}.back-to-top{bottom:1.275em;font-size:.8em;font-weight:600;line-height:2em;position:absolute;right:16px}@font-face{font-family:"social-logos";src:url("data:application/octet-stream;base64,d09GMgABAAAAAB2IAAsAAAAANSAAAB05AAEAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAHFQGYACKAArQCL9RATYCJAOBaAt2AAQgBYRGB4UBG60rRUaGjQMQAvmaIio2tYhqTZr9Xx9wcj1WMEGJoo6qrgODWGccXRNTYYue4+Oz39Vk4Ms+2MVqxDJYsAcLqX50bj3CPJ2YsN8PJUh46Pfrd649sb3rX81C/eCNjIcOIRG6J4bW1xOzPPBc7t9t6nnkRWNiOMZ0nICRHtXy9hmQ951v9pukyd0GaNBYv/Aev+P7ccVWHF9sy5PkthlAYARt3nTWS5mbNLnZMoTpDwIJU3pf2Z597K9buFylq3S1JcpMx9SUCqRPLzYUQIBhbuYQ0ce9Sqetw9M2/x0VendEGUTZCBYYlIBiJNpTnDMLv3/mSl2Xuvibq3CtyzYW+iNL+CeuxkvLC9xkXyGS7tfxpsDC0tNugczT+AZJOFJsaE21/2OWBXQDYTYh59zfU3v5XKB8+RIlxc8wnxFmE4ZIVVUOKM0o3E8H+XEZ7FBOkQMUdkbOqtoRuBz+6eDSQhL1RWwHEYciHcZmEbpdlBXYnMNIUDHu8xMECMzYImuNXl/pMH2clGlxKXCsisN2PZVPE/qiEryhc/dm0BBnIGrBCMfbz2vMZ0gmIu64eVJf+BbrlwBT4dSTO65LYIACE382lbXrmahS+3yCEpx9Lw4yYEAPTRe2rLh8LeWe8lDVVrPVfPV5jdRVfrbeUe9vNikJMDcKW/Y1mHUy58W2MGCPFr0sBuWituLA4295kNJyFnVqM2FSQatQh3HLjCGWa1ZgSVZRty6xeaum5Tl6ZQzqN6qHJ9EiMqDPsBmCovlGjJmyYMWclHaIFMsRQD7HxSpKYq4jUQrSKCnJvdBkEYZ0wiFtcMkEPDIJnxQQkFaEemxEpAMxGUdClpEiBlYwhDKBRVkELsoymEVZSQBDluCQLFxShE+6YUkX0iRGhswjS1aRI9PI64GCHs9RJL1o0eNX9JBB9JF+TTKKAT3uMUg8DAkSVG3Qgmo2iFDNBwOoPg/6UMvL8EZBMIM6IjSJgiQaivgwZAQOGYNLpuCRBfhkBZbMoYOk0C+YHe0A1lZYXt6A74grSN19pYkfLkJzVr87weMyJCFHwWjJEKQSDAVL0JYgNCzxaMxKdEGjyZLPoS1B0GuNofRMysqh1LA90J1BFEe2Rc/AaaWBTeyHie/H+ivas5Ny/AIvcBa4rr9SlPhx3NKPa9RDTDpocWvU18uj+75uaYFxEeX4xU567OtBG+hlPiVZeudlj+7SOppmCr4ddq4fq4yZXUUFgmB6Kp3mMRCOF0xvO42NAZk3LNCEwJuwPiIGO4gRgHcWgjhyagpxVZnyeWHMGZVkJVMHbKSB5VLW9LXlLdjKak6IUgEhJ6VRNVxF4nB3i+ebF7S2yi0sA5pGAepVkGhCnq5hwAzP7p5/3bqsd1Jp80OEpav9jZ6y4GzpPBLK0mkd+AWjkJNBUGT1ZDAOWKE+h9A6W9YgV5EAIWBLjSFv+mG7PpY1C9/vItFuPuSPWp2UXBh/EEOs6CokPOoBLjkYojyCQhHIX35FSHx+DmAvvmAsv72CDM0OlsVCGi6V7QYYuX7N95n3Z+lRGGRjzZVq6zHfHWB1tL4/dut4Cw/KBk2kGcNVBS4rcEVp1BrMK6OS6R5fjpVOrh5tDivDy/GWbXxiPjgQHHqdqd9ZSdd2lTdb5oN4MRWcWoPl0erB+XRns978CHKi8pAQRwmDGgYwHb60XMuxrzsOoDc3HDlsO7fsrOPaFLo3Nh895opej/f7MopYGLpquL0/2tp6RXsOCqPqsS9YOuXsq2uWIu/pHLofOTL97tLM2W7ovtjTyWprsWd7yfrhYrxzIEjxmRx1XGq7jm1Q3FKb0qPAduHh/P/FMhjo2rQ/a6CrMup5yNmAJTfQPbNGaItbi3kepDMuIcpytaV1s2lL38+JMATvo+gCRBBDvoZlygRIGB4AeAsC7/p9yHu9nGfY6ZHkHW25l+OuotQ3a9eOYPfnHI8gW5v4hG8ww1aQgs40KqeEqC0nkNoeIXZqexGz6TgMqGLiQIzuNk7QetRs1+83bHc2lUnJSdCYAwNpBiF3elo1kHZkEx/rnqizhmzxZk68n2LTH+SnWT7zEStCvk8FA8z0u25xLYylk1JuDpYUCQ8A5sezfWMLWWlQD67jMjeGiyDGCGC4Hgw6DnQNbtisbF9DWFluiJgmbuGV6NkspnyrbLVHm5BnFSwlpiMrVZMFrQc2VIwxowFYpr7frxRZgwzYgZnAst8PPd498fUlf/UNyxPHm0gssxWZ1QkEsQ9YmLO0IXdxufO+sx9E6539iSACCGCAIX6Y3U/+S45kFBoo0HOWUcGyiwA9hLS3AzgHcCFWSFZQzcVHfvuJGECsuod8KCdTQdAoxossVijUt6DuFcPVarM0VOKJcrlVS9duiddz9fuP2ZMHjfk38l2n9egZf/qw2X5LRXeMjS/IpUk+sUjFKl+TK1gUheIqBo1Wh10kujEsGwCwOkLFBYzlLwj5z/8C9iNIWUrIrCzIW+aVFlHh9/x6MZ+KfDwoNVzH1T0E8ahQimvNoJDVbbRkGW4GqQUAa+uG40VQhqyTDbIlb1LqwMFceHi19FSsAAAD0Y7pC28O1dLa2pSsDLdJdUhBOH8guNT5lihvLkPId5YIXHSojMcTZSxXmB/BkbC3WMvJLy/Y88/j2Oy2HJ9mU2NiYobPTtryCXssnvJnuYHBdTTjAcDMEYBgVkNIkQM8cwfRmF2aQE5GIbZdnHsdhlvCKIi+fa/nKFv+AMjCeiDkTVEPqSbtoRJUGh+QoGj6WFpWeSnPR5sH2+Hh7vaxLZud2/j4AZnVm8tWOa3TnV/5A8IcgvfxhrhGJDRRD1XOpltYRuB9iEQzoROPeBOJMcBMkxY2FuPK+joxmdjnLwgEK7Zy8D668jDhEjU7GskdEsNrYPlq8lKQOKhAU57EiHmkOgP5q+wSlh9esKnPSFTJlsL2APNoYV5V0cyEB+K7oyPmwoH5Q7hzzFrqb05ATqkniKOUjov6pu1q2WD87eX4fDTim82eCDNGfWw3aXaZrvS+vuz1f/Xt0su3n6emP3yanRlWlbpRGPEDqzY5pBSpGl7BhH6APUK0fqk1P36/2554tPRm5cnY+7erT2c/vRkJxuOQTb1HYjhId15R0etB3u9fMubCcEaa9Ku/qbQ6/ObECmCxsdDFAP2JBJgWVgHdGZPmbBpa/o8hsjcSa66U8Dwgu7bM82bb+Oq49kbmBYmK4SjPoHNhUomxAzTwR0cb+gU50WVHFwuI0zX/HWupWY8pW/T4DPdlxHOW0C2N6lqs2H9Fk7eWQrJbrN9m1GdGHUExqrQ2ixjKhJZ/ioyjOXEbco2vimXATNqUOdCuUbOSoixnmRSYTg4hoRJg7LKx5e5oRGBiVpLwp2qbMAkoQT65NrXOUgYmsIY70Y/o3ScxYdHhQ6WDB6tE8Zo8saRgeWXQtkVDYhYPXAhAAxk5mqLEiOBUgGWakBd06fMkcJD4+azsF7ZFBRRSps8EMWK+rMHS8CMl0rQSCievwabyciQMwysLUQohpwGCjDgwqRbkUsEx8A8uiZbb3z2P9KinlLb6tu/vC4uLvfOq7FN0xfe3fXSg57LV6V94c8RnlXxTZKjHLgkyXQv8YsGgH6YWpxeIFE/078LMbMisq7lDt540/Vr5en5hk1vue2E9WoloTDnxfZ2bhYIQCQKzOUq19AFIhS8yRKMgua5KFcL9bYfGvfDmYeQdVNP2XtWoHVCufZBX5OnPi5L3RR9pYTwf9+PV/XPfNxYbqcahd7tam4PxWGH5PeqZXvJzr+SZxsZDT3f2HBhm5jwYOe4KZT+7tvnRpglaWXxo6bQ6UvczXk7CZiOKJ9yUAmR6VdhsrPt29eHkEsZAVQqsGNTKMI/NonnxKj8AUHU49UB2ggK4OlffUVR0WvBPD1WIghBDBJEA92Nj+wEG7MJWZwPXOtbWXnhvbrS0ALNqCZ3zMAZOECimpbXRq+TfNI5hpANpNr9hF9Lb6DZdrcF8JdlKDM6bb99Pxd/2ThbYeEo0pXwlVRkuLu95GQnyBctb3/bNQtg6SpqPARZmuuJo0LFEk/hWtQmhj9VDq/Ehpcq1ebNmFQxtefnR84yE4/SQyIwuZdfS7+wovs+6SjxCItm3o1PuzPHOrB9XYYigOLrZXMBwyzXO/CxDv8p2mPRPRUh1n6MSuAWLQ8qaVqokZJNSiPA5rrORQQXSXRKkda2sW8udiVPsvc/0ufERC1sex5nhCdJ0poxC3RCKzDhca0uCaKu7n1riT+L9XYIpZX/SD9eIs9mXOGP/4xcfWrYByQua85DbsUynpe+hpO06ikChNE4Fcdt9j1wfsA10qf0H3Tsjh5h3EXWQTbFrY2fIwb+jHAboFwVoG+QASQGnaksXLav2xYvnX+/vL5WpsdihXbjRLDauXrLgwoVL7w5ZGpkSVuKw/p8aotB2/YlSCUOMn29y35J40oBtK5TCkf6wjpDyC6WLwLI0MVkSsktRgFRKgnLh+dojT41uXYd3qA6qHDjhCErl7BHg3aiD1QvoiIIpuZanhNk87x2duhi6ytjif09tCaa1eEXnZojTK9vFagxQTYRBWJzonuanm2XRdY3gwDLGZwsuyPnEthIe89v1XKSb0FzpHoOQ88+9IIbHRNeRPx6robCKGfq4X8Fltnu9MnB4TsgJ2DnpO7kjxcANbtjCHqAuNBbuYNL+OBpFdKCFmdX8anDAnwUos2Qg5vaI9KIerrjfm7D8BjmU738LsLpNz7gtLu7e2TG2mjzLmCWrtYF2kuAiZM8CDX7IUoMf0UV3Ef0IK+grfmz3RftRmCB+O6GfQE+AB8JH3orpwkwyfViCmxfPTJg/JSfwvp9vSVR+rj51e2kUl+Nv4I14z2X+xe6u6f+iVbr5IYi+2DvPfzfFehDXFS4qmfVen5sSAdOUUWDKBMnQO0vVNPXNXnHYyog7S3xnt/vibny+tujvlBDJr1Trhvz90fvv7+klTd4GXy09cChpczDvq3NGRDhbKs8Z0eIN4XfGfk0vjeVZdn66pqyUYhTYIAP7SvkBgl52JOrV9p9OO+u7esx4sQDDMaJLOT/vL/xcXRJi6nSmz6yd+W+lp4O50rbK66/hXmfpzT6GMB7ML36b5IhdnLb47WzIjntTSa3UnuKIjTMkUZif49FpT2ceOaDnCMTgx/IxRvNAjCEN/w1fo85RLqM7wS4jPa2Rg+NE9xrJCetLQDFKrHOqpE0Th9xYQQS++ACPmTuS9mEFoE15gvnJXoWpCwnMS4vkbA6NCQ1SXJa5Qx+FeqCDFe7yqNXBmzmnhYF5IbrudgNYbKy5U1d/7NGx9trp5G0/RNukhxeJNyXsCFxlC5mxrYpN3PTRogMS68c73FKyDkzgmCtM9y4cjhLXz8TiyRENG2M6Pho17lJ0oXbaWVxz52J9R/SOwNZ8o0bGgQkVxXJrIW//gZMGzs5bRhyeEmehvGl7sJ+Hw5Ej2ovh9xgdwcB8ehh+D/XWw1Y6HqEH48ueSOCtySIF7yAfwNYWwVsYHcDXauuZAluS3Cg1GKRGeeJqW3F6UEqQ7j292NaiLQkvLg4v0cbo2d/7a97BYJUnbUI3QdPRTupO0h572oIuOmJA2+SnrKMdblWMKWPxOktNlwhrRXdaA5QP8iiBddjluFziNhKVuJ2YQGjHr8OWEaLJzVZ7LoD4BBd+DO9igdf6HUk7Pjdu1JPYs/2zz5M+356YFElTMOasqXUGprMMLzV/fGNFaZhcVx5qUrcSDPiepRlW6S3jsynx4bPpX4WLsiOoSBOBtO8zvy3hy/0+20ciNCHUiCxx+Fcl+9966PBljQZmSr1lwjjGu+LdF63LlAzzrfxhiVplVnsKHxseG8XfS6xB7QG0cLMFjDJXe1D9JEaDNCNWoTCnF9U399FtWd4mUWQlp9SFyDL1ar8vwpdGe1KD0xJfCcaKsbSumGWwhta336Pt/ipRGo8ke3+bhS8QCnTFfDAvT22TnJquGZdJRvxsfiMSldelgxnMCC2p/bJ0UQUh6gVRTBuY37XYYzgs3oEjVZFwO8SHDT1VpB9TWHDd498ZNYzfH9UH1wTTPp+1Dy0QPDgadvRBmFXBHxHEhmn3a79Kv3vHjTzHmANVX0/7TjMdLP75T6rkkvOqT87zWRJE6itFXA7zUJKM+sG+8TjafGT0z/+Gdkx7j/TnGnTNn6RE7CH+5Kk2l60tUnTmsfO0Y2E8KP/uXwzlX6f9wOhoFtKPArQfcfLhvNHyHEKqLPD/4zzQt2nrjvHmfi9EwoCSKZV1tBcTK86UILGbig2/74gmEEDc82ehmWOhiQI8AsJvfjQFNuSBKIvoz+HhP0UeclGNX2VX4q3U+mqV3h6iSr8akRzs7pasn/fU9RZr1W8IyATBRJgQS5to5Cd5T1AjH+jHe6Ln9XlmEXYDVqTBleEyEVyLdgPJvKGEEDKES8QNxRKa8Jp3cQnaTnVnHPj3p4kKrWlhIt4Y1lxh76M2h9krqH3BPRrwE9h+36XyaowI44/HLURX+axCF6o3KsYbwm8PySAx5ll7XSF2JBUrBTfvgFGnpLNKsMqJLdmfzCH4qEv/t6oE8mO/PF55XXv7fAcV4Cd151t94/28v3MfXMjuwooHTyFen12bUGiMUaqw4Fg5a5fZt23Mm4WwpgTu0XbhMoeMKcSooIrbKod7jZHlY/SXJQT6B1iTFasvDLO9eizcwq1U+NLYhTD9GW+PiauXw55ZfssvofC7MiCnD5ajmBxcmrKBJ6E8gwKk4wrbFYk3fC3+hcX4pVD8QwcvD+qi6YVwGdzD0/nadaL8e2OHoItaEW4cr4dY0L2wyMV1lRZZkmNGP/0kMyUxz2c5B+IsonHWnGoRdw6+22kW2o1eHRqMJ1fqd1qKYmfNmA01JCsnVmMV1Jx33/e6gbwlwyZev/SXvyPcCXCZY32GYtj21zrhCSusAD6e1KFNzXuI4iO9je+UjbavWqxhWi6Zk2O01ws+7Y1ZxQPeL2K82Mrz75G3LNgZmqPR5ISqAx3podjGg9ZgnzhMlshuCkmmJfNz4JRbq3ZfGggrj/D+YG2BDoyP9vj1MJkGA9KPTBvYYDgizCLbFw1j1JdtGvW+K2soTI1P90zrH5BXf4l82UmmowIxmMQyLxfPwRYMN9nsDpeJ2kQumO5vt8PCdIxHnsqA7n2ouMyknzvAJkp0WaKKegE6CYFw4I55dOKLL+jrHjEeJ+ymi+mU1nNHDt3cEpTi+VH0RwNa4EgGVu0830rN60YYF0BDuDAXcKH1njSIB3EBD3AzUCJiUQGVRczrVf/oA3x+FBFA9ygP2ZLNpXE3Z4tCLKEbhEFAOHCWMMRLHCLcnM0mChoVagEzt2F4eC8GGrRBAMLsG4Hi8bDHyzgC6BTXexxrgDGwT7x3mVe8DyKCsJivvVOHudduGAcDMaMh3svlHe+DqjE4zNe1MG/il/CvGc13uEWKmebBrOAMIvUbivv9p2yfoU/knOOfKH5oZdKb/F617KpQZzJmKW7VOQPi4AMbwTujsixFocg5U1Sfv13uN5MiS+ZeDAfRQE5TGpm1TKjeIkmmQ+FNJSSkGTZufgzraUhc3+tym2HTQUkMHSWayCXPXURuFolQBLDOkbBDLoQI2DAlAuFBKhykIFHgQDgNCTgfJBj9WVSHjEItHVEnBNRzDZv4OcYOQYbG5Lso9Eb6aBs9KO18VL5z/RJ3ekYUi5aAt+BTRv63juQvwpDtjs1cO7iidcW6+vocyGXE0RW5LJZ5+uDq7rksvlyy0BVrQh1oEr4ivpJpRh2u2BXFctDgfhddzrC4WrNMjrLVl8Uu8eVbBTDNn4VtI8D8vpEyZT95Fp0lR8fplW0pX9+WQfIcOkf2mN3loSyDj0Qr2pLbFFFxUfSaGnr0rk7eiKiFIHFfek4QBo6hhLIC04NNRJMIfpNpbMKDdlQoku2EIa8/P9f6yyHw85XwW8jPTSxsEOVmCTJiz+3018Z8t9QnH9zbfGfzvQtfVh8efXEzMr4BgEqoi1cbQROgukYX+wLUcYJHokLHR/zhTKeE8fa7n2BuRlTwHKgav0R3OTqg9ydR4vLHXqf6r6Pt+/UCyOVeuEFC9wYMcmn+p7Necl+Ulb2kAdxkPB3p2hzVHRwHq2RbYzbLol/GfxJtX/94MoZdVlBPrM/Pr2eC0lXTjNTdlUhPekx6ZRQWp3oVuyfUdzlv7M3a576px7PBpvFzfLOsCFKF/sxN5nm33+pCIUgSrZKqEoiptOZh6TZQlC6pkBSVm38HB57xLJzikBBzckXFr+KPHxVrQlL+E4LXvR0bTu7Zczv0UEJrjakwiHs2wCpg8SFh/WehmoHrJ3+Npqy7E5943vT13ShqX81DxLYGhxUJDS9xmTJ13jdwX/LwCDYPgTbT/l62V26f0L//Pu4I5pXxz2dTe8BcGcaQXZ/bqlfwbeI+ho2Dn7TT/jmXJqX2F5RmdjOjbuHZ7FAxTBBW5WNiIXDJs2aiKaLYGaH1TfIe9U7y1X0QxaGBsK8s6dtUQJUSGJSqkpyADHyJ6oLZzSrNaChioDVC6aInI3hJ6DVziSjH87bU0Y4yIIb0d5YJN9TgAKi6ANz4Ye67qS9FjV2pnmDTpK+HxuNro9LRrU+pCl7J6KLvM7YFUBkRjP7vGaa+Nb1MJ77MBtBOAt56i4GSDDOaInkrAZasO0rODK9yW5LlDjDfRxwc3o/+dypcV0jM+xu34wUn+dSIO+V2Cp3pJjxk4klVjoBtNLoKwdvC8WmWpz6dnmnr1gG8woZHVLykz/Bx0KS8iksVfqI7fF+dowkexy8D9cDHY+WIqH1V8aqG9ZPrR0Xdm8o21d869GnrIc1XyRowrj9LGLu7zQnzuh63DcGzTA7X6Bq46RwSGk+qVCeNwiHnzQGXUcXksYWSYL0ROtN4KtX448nkqFv97Ua9Czbv/7b2pijQPf9l/wUAgL6App2FM9CKhePQ9bTrUB6aJtE0zQ7Y0V3IpiV/mzujhR9B1WiIdDRBy6Mjv4G2IMdPEKqui28LOoInPjnyQ6gHL/wDqiw8Ar1yfLbth3MdoTMseXzwVF07wMmjBx/AR85iwJhMPoM6WPBpCyegq2u/hU4s/Bi66XiqrSzS3yzLjwna+n9UNwMDL+q8ityjfiOF9Z/xMW1fl5MK/ZGWHuJpHuJyYUf//5Li/kPgX0caqYie5n2RGwwYaHnQhDnWv7HJESJqGkGXYG9QeSgLST25O9YIjcc6IkswSEF70H8o6zUREfsILd6DWCnxFar3yd+ghpP/xBoFh/gPVnDy/9h29fvuo3Wrb/9CxkM4BnIk39GVABzdCb3Nb2TxlPrr1ExSeB+YkEHR9sPSy93dVMd+ZIr9O6V2XyFQn5k+0ehpUs1v5+knWMXJUFwJYnggOAqIQ7fE3yGnHB9gij1C4m9YAvr7lUt6VycXSvJDSNSJgUIWDxZkK+6cG9XwqDfsGYl670xpSiEwEXs5HX6+QXMTT6YS5uzNWXM00oonhgm7yNj/Pdztl/c7BRoMWHDgIUD8B/BLrUCFBh1Gs9XudHv9wXA0TibT2XyxXK03293+cDydL9fb/fF8fXx+ff/8vv9UEOEvpXrACZLBbgjkHPIRgtYBcBpRUOalNmQxY2os+2EciQFry5QHerZ4x6QDe8VmBIMD0XwY0fo7suBuRLTVGLyZuR2psPwpwLh3E4lWzutUhtYRuYA1oq9+YQ5FyNU7bfXq8eCTKDiGuAs+zY0JaqqddhF8aNiIkqXUxnhKieW1lf8oTcKnWiKuMygjpdfskyKjKIX+8CmpMpkZn51RCBasXfaZ04nK2lqve5naDkbDV8atRKklk/px6TqFJcMYFoiWODzykik1igFbeuNaJ0aw0qqfFdMq1hdaSi3HGCSr9OHVTJ2NdC64IKz93Uek5jGBCuTcPYgMxYhs8NAw21x/KLJ+7p+QHNQLFS0DrlYA") format("woff2");font-weight:normal;font-style:normal}amp-social-share{border-radius:50%;color:#fff;-webkit-border-radius:50%;position:relative;line-height:1;width:32px;height:32px;margin:0 5px 5px 0;vertical-align:middle}amp-social-share::before{display:inline-block;font:normal 18px/1 "social-logos";padding:7px;position:relative;top:1px;vertical-align:top;text-align:center}amp-social-share[type='email']{background:#e9e9e9;color:#656565}amp-social-share[type='email']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='tumblr']{background:#2c4762}amp-social-share[type='tumblr']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='facebook']{background:#0866ff}amp-social-share[type='facebook']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='twitter']{background:#00acee}amp-social-share[type='twitter']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='pinterest']{background:#ca1f27}amp-social-share[type='pinterest']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='telegram']{background:#08c}amp-social-share[type='telegram']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='linkedin']{background:#0077b5}amp-social-share[type='linkedin']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='pocket']{background:#ee4056}amp-social-share[type='pocket']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='reddit']{background:#cee3f8;color:#555}amp-social-share[type='reddit']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='skype']{background:#00aff0}amp-social-share[type='skype']::before{content:""}amp-social-share[type='whatsapp']{background:#43d854}amp-social-share[type='whatsapp']::before{content:""}.jp-related-posts-i2__list{--hgap:1rem;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;column-gap:var(--hgap);row-gap:2rem;margin:0;padding:0;list-style-type:none}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{display:flex;flex-direction:column;flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(n+3):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) * 2 ) / 3)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child,.jp-related-posts-i2__post:nth-last-child(4):first-child ~ *{flex-basis:calc(( 100% - var(--hgap) ) / 2)}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link{display:flex;flex-direction:column;row-gap:.5rem;width:100%;margin-bottom:1rem;line-height:1.2}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-link:focus-visible{outline-offset:2px}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-img{order:-1;max-width:100%}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs{margin:0;list-style-type:unset}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dt{position:absolute;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden;clip:rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);white-space:nowrap}.jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs dd{margin:0}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-relatedposts-i2[data-layout="list"] .jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}@media only screen and (max-width: 640px){.jp-related-posts-i2__list{display:block}.jp-related-posts-i2__post{margin-bottom:2rem}}.amp-wp-62111d0:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:840px;height:280px}.amp-wp-32d0387:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:280px;height:280px}.amp-wp-9f4f23b:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:276px;height:276px}.amp-wp-3a0643f:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:840px;height:210px}.amp-wp-25830b2:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:210px;height:210px}.amp-wp-4fe272d:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:206px;height:206px}.amp-wp-3a55713:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:840px;height:538px}.amp-wp-308ca06:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:418px;height:538px}.amp-wp-020a107:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:414px;height:534px}.amp-wp-d79aed2:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:422px;height:538px}.amp-wp-7e3a49b:not(#_#_#_#_#_){width:418px;height:534px}
|
||
|
||
/*# sourceURL=amp-custom.css */</style><link rel="canonical" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2022/01/07/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993/"><title>The National Commission on AIDS, 1989–1993 – Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections</title><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"http://schema.org","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/circulating-nih-logo-v3.png?fit=232%2C60\u0026ssl=1"}},"@type":"BlogPosting","mainEntityOfPage":"https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2022/01/07/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993/","headline":"The National Commission on AIDS, 1989–1993","datePublished":"2022-01-07T11:00:15-05:00","dateModified":"2024-12-19T11:05:46-05:00","author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Circulating Now"},"image":"https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400\u0026ssl=1"}</script></head>
|
||
|
||
<body class="">
|
||
|
||
<header id="top" class="amp-wp-header">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/">
|
||
<amp-anim src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/circulating-now-512.gif?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" width="32" height="32" class="amp-wp-site-icon amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-hero-candidate="" alt="Site icon" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjMyIiB3aWR0aD0iMzIiIHhtbG5zPSJodHRwOi8vd3d3LnczLm9yZy8yMDAwL3N2ZyIgdmVyc2lvbj0iMS4xIi8+"></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/circulating-now-512.gif?fit=32%2C32&ssl=1" width="32" height="32" alt="Site icon"></noscript></amp-anim>
|
||
<span class="amp-site-title">
|
||
Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections </span>
|
||
</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<article class="amp-wp-article">
|
||
<header class="amp-wp-article-header">
|
||
<h1 class="amp-wp-title">The National Commission on AIDS, 1989–1993</h1>
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-byline">
|
||
<amp-img src="https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=72&d=mm&r=pg" srcset="
|
||
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=24&d=mm&r=pg 1x,
|
||
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=48&d=mm&r=pg 2x,
|
||
https://secure.gravatar.com/avatar/73076457ffbda79ef0d169146708c56a?s=72&d=mm&r=pg 3x
|
||
" alt="Circulating Now" width="24" height="24" layout="fixed" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:24px;height:24px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-img>
|
||
<span class="amp-wp-author author vcard">Circulating Now</span>
|
||
</div>
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-posted-on">
|
||
<time datetime="2022-01-07T16:00:15+00:00">
|
||
3 years ago </time>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</header>
|
||
|
||
<figure class="amp-wp-article-featured-image wp-caption">
|
||
<amp-img width="840" height="373" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&ssl=1" class="attachment-large size-large wp-post-image amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" alt="A still from a C-SPAN broadcast of a woman at a podium flanked by a panel." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?w=900&ssl=1 900w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?resize=300%2C133&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?resize=768%2C341&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?resize=840%2C373&ssl=1 840w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px" data-hero-candidate="" layout="intrinsic" disable-inline-width="" data-hero i-amphtml-ssr i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjM3MyIgd2lkdGg9Ijg0MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><img class="i-amphtml-fill-content i-amphtml-replaced-content" decoding="async" loading="lazy" alt="A still from a C-SPAN broadcast of a woman at a podium flanked by a panel." src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?fit=840%2C373&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?w=900&ssl=1 900w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?resize=300%2C133&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?resize=768%2C341&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/NCAIDS-Osborne-C-SPAN_feature.jpg?resize=840%2C373&ssl=1 840w" sizes="auto, (max-width: 840px) 100vw, 840px"></amp-img> <p class="wp-caption-text">
|
||
June Osborne speaks with the National Commission on AIDS, June 29, 1993 </p>
|
||
</figure>
|
||
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-article-content">
|
||
<p><em>By Susan L. Speaker ~</em></p>
|
||
<p>The National Library of Medicine recently launched a new <a href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/"><em>Profiles in Science</em></a> site! Unlike most of our earlier Profiles, which feature the careers of individual biomedical scientists, epidemiologists, and public health advocates, the <a href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/ncaids">new site</a> explores the term of an organization, the <a href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/ncaids">National Commission on AIDS (NCAIDS)</a>, which operated from 1989 to 1993. The launch of the site coincides with the 40th anniversary of the first reported AIDS cases.</p>
|
||
<p>The NCAIDS was an independent commission created by the U.S. Congress in November 1988. Its 15 members, led by <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2016/05/19/june-e-osborn-at-the-center-of-national-policy-on-aids/">Dr. June E. Osborn</a>, began work in August 1989, as the AIDS epidemic entered its ninth year. Its mission was to conduct investigations that would:</p>
|
||
<blockquote><p>“…create a broad public agreement on the magnitude, scope and urgency of the HIV/AIDS epidemic, inspire leadership at all levels of both the public and private sector, and put in place effective, cooperative, and non-discriminatory systems and resources required for preventive education, comprehensive care, and the research effort necessary to halt the epidemic.”</p></blockquote>
|
||
<p>Materials in the <a href="https://findingaids.nlm.nih.gov/repositories/4/resources/858">June E. Osborn Papers</a> and the <a href="https://findingaids.nlm.nih.gov/repositories/4/resources/867">National Commission on AIDS Records</a> document the commission’s journey through records of hearings, news conferences, correspondence, media coverage, and thirteen interim and three annual reports. The new <em>Profiles</em> site, integrated with <a href="https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM Digital Collections</a>, presents a curated selection of these digitized materials together with a narrative “Story” that provides historical context, a <a href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/ncaids/feature/commission-chronology-1989-1993">chronology</a> of the work of the National Commission on AIDS, and a link to <a href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/ncaids/feature/additional-resources">further resources</a> to learn even more.</p>
|
||
<p>The NCAIDS materials reveal a talented, thoughtful, passionate, and empathetic group of people, working to gather and distill a vast amount of information about a public health crisis, and hammering out conclusions and recommendations on the controversial issues embodied by the AIDS epidemic. In their hearings and site visits, the commissioners explored the many facets of the HIV/AIDS epidemic—inadequate healthcare and social services, homelessness, drug addiction, legal issues such as discrimination and confidentiality, and political leadership—through the testimony of public health workers and experts, but also of people with AIDS and their families. The NCAIDS reports and media statements kept the human tragedy of AIDS in full view; they were bluntly critical of America’s lackluster response to the AIDS crisis, and at times crackled with outrage.</p>
|
||
<p>The commission’s effectiveness came in part from its diversity. The NCAIDS included experienced medical and public health experts, all of whom had been involved with AIDS policy and care delivery:</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>June Osborn</strong>, MD, who served as chair, was Dean of the School of Public Health at University of Michigan, and had served on many AIDS advisory panels;</li>
|
||
<li><strong>David Rogers</strong>, MD, vice-chair, had also chaired AIDS advisory panels to the state and city of New York, which had the largest numbers of AIDS cases;</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Don Des Jarlais</strong>, PhD directed a chemical dependency research program at Beth Israel Medical Center, and an AIDS research program focused on drug addiction.</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Charles Konigsberg</strong>, MD, <strong>Eunice Diaz</strong>, MPH, and <strong>Diane Ahren</strong>s were public health officials.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="tiled-gallery type-square tiled-gallery-unresized" data-original-width="840" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2022\/01\/07\/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-62111d0" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 280px;"> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-32d0387" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="276"> <meta itemprop="height" content="276"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-9f4f23b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23005" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="June Osborn" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" data-original-width="276" data-original-height="276" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="June Osborn" alt="A still from a C-SPAN broadcast of a woman at a podium flanked by a panel." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 276px; height: 276px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/June-Osborn-David-Rogers-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="June Osborn" alt="A still from a C-SPAN broadcast of a woman at a podium flanked by a panel."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> June Osborn, MD, who served as chair, was Dean of the School of Public Health at University of Michigan, and had served on many AIDS advisory panels. January 14, 1992 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-32d0387" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="276"> <meta itemprop="height" content="276"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-9f4f23b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="22996" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="David Rogers & Earvin Magic Johnson" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" data-original-width="276" data-original-height="276" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="David Rogers & Earvin Magic Johnson" alt="An older white man seated next to a Black man speaks into a microphone." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 276px; height: 276px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/David-Rogers-Earvin-Magic-Johnson-1-14-92_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="David Rogers & Earvin Magic Johnson" alt="An older white man seated next to a Black man speaks into a microphone."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> David Rogers, MD, vice-chair, had also chaired AIDS advisory panels to the state and city of New York, which had the largest numbers of AIDS cases. January 14, 1992 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-32d0387" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="276"> <meta itemprop="height" content="276"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-9f4f23b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="22998" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Don Des Jarlais" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" data-original-width="276" data-original-height="276" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Don Des Jarlais" alt="A white man in a suit addressing an audience." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 276px; height: 276px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Don-Des-Jarlais-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Don Des Jarlais" alt="A white man in a suit addressing an audience."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Don Des Jarlais, PhD directed a chemical dependency research program at Beth Israel Medical Center, and an AIDS research program focused on drug addiction. June 29, 1993 </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-62111d0" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 280px;"> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-32d0387" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="276"> <meta itemprop="height" content="276"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-9f4f23b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23025" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg" data-orig-size="1145,938" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}' data-image-title="Charles Konigsberg" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?fit=300%2C246&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?fit=840%2C688&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?zoom=2&resize=276%2C276&ssl=1 552w" width="276" height="276" data-original-width="276" data-original-height="276" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Charles Konigsberg" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an audience in a paneled chamber." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 276px; height: 276px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/2022-01-06_14-40-28.jpg?zoom=2&resize=276%2C276&ssl=1 552w" width="276" height="276" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Charles Konigsberg" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an audience in a paneled chamber."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Charles Konigsberg, MD, was a public health official. June 29, 1993 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-32d0387" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="276"> <meta itemprop="height" content="276"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-9f4f23b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23001" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,891" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Eunice Diaz" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C841&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C769&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C841&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" data-original-width="276" data-original-height="276" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Eunice Diaz" alt="A hispanic woman speaks into an array of microphones." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 276px; height: 276px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C769&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Eunice-Diaz-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C841&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Eunice Diaz" alt="A hispanic woman speaks into an array of microphones."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Eunice Diaz, MPH, was a public health official. June, 29, 1993 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-32d0387" data-original-width="280" data-original-height="280" data-amp-original-style="width: 280px; height: 280px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="276"> <meta itemprop="height" content="276"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-9f4f23b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="22997" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Diane Ahrens" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" data-original-width="276" data-original-height="276" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Diane Ahrens" alt="A woman speaks into a huge array of microphones." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 276px; height: 276px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjI3NiIgd2lkdGg9IjI3NiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=276&h=276&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Diane-Ahrens-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="276" height="276" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Diane Ahrens" alt="A woman speaks into a huge array of microphones."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Diane Ahrens was a public health official. June 29, 1993 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
|
||
<p>But while many national commissions of the time were made up of professional experts and others regarded as experienced leaders [often white and male], nearly half of the NCAIDS members were “civilians” with different relevant experiences on the epidemic’s front lines.</p>
|
||
<ul>
|
||
<li><strong>Don Goldman</strong> was an attorney who coordinated the National Hemophilia Foundation’s efforts to improve blood supply safety and improve hemophilia and HIV service delivery to minorities;</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Scott Allen</strong> was a Baptist minister who worked with the HIV/AIDS Research Group at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, and became involved in AIDS epidemic work when his wife and two children were infected with HIV;</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Larry Kessler</strong> was founder and director of the AIDS Action Committee of Massachusetts, which provided AIDS education, services, and outreach; Harlon Dalton was a Yale Law School professor and authority on legal issues related to AIDS, particularly its impact on people of color;</li>
|
||
<li><strong>Belinda Ann Mason</strong> was a journalist and fiction writer infected with HIV through a transfusion, and founded the first organizations in Kentucky and Indiana for people with HIV disease.</li>
|
||
</ul>
|
||
<div class="tiled-gallery type-square tiled-gallery-unresized" data-original-width="840" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2022\/01\/07\/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-3a0643f" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="210" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 210px;"> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-25830b2" data-original-width="210" data-original-height="210" data-amp-original-style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="206"> <meta itemprop="height" content="206"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-4fe272d i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="22999" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Donald Goldman" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" data-original-width="206" data-original-height="206" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Donald Goldman" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an audience in a paneled chamber." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 206px; height: 206px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwNiIgd2lkdGg9IjIwNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Donald-Goldman-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Donald Goldman" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an audience in a paneled chamber."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Don Goldman was an attorney who coordinated the National Hemophilia Foundation’s efforts to improve blood supply safety and improve hemophilia and HIV service delivery to minorities. June 29, 1993 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-25830b2" data-original-width="210" data-original-height="210" data-amp-original-style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="206"> <meta itemprop="height" content="206"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-4fe272d i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23009" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Scott Allen" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" data-original-width="206" data-original-height="206" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Scott Allen" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an audience in a paneled chamber." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 206px; height: 206px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwNiIgd2lkdGg9IjIwNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Scott-Allen-6-29-93_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Scott Allen" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an audience in a paneled chamber."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Scott Allen was a Baptist minister who worked with the HIV/AIDS Research Group at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, and became involved in AIDS epidemic work when his wife and two children were infected with HIV. June 29, 1993 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-25830b2" data-original-width="210" data-original-height="210" data-amp-original-style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="206"> <meta itemprop="height" content="206"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-4fe272d i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23006" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Larry Kessler" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" data-original-width="206" data-original-height="206" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Larry Kessler" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an array of microphones." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 206px; height: 206px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwNiIgd2lkdGg9IjIwNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Larry-Kessler_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Larry Kessler" alt="A white man in a suit addresses an array of microphones."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Larry Kessler was founder and director of the AIDS Action Committee of Massachusetts, which provided AIDS education, services, and outreach; Harlon Dalton was a Yale Law School professor and authority on legal issues related to AIDS, particularly its impact on people of color. September 9, 1991 </div> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group amp-wp-25830b2" data-original-width="210" data-original-height="210" data-amp-original-style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item " itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="206"> <meta itemprop="height" content="206"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-4fe272d i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23011" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg" data-orig-size="890,890" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Belinda Mason" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?fit=300%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?fit=840%2C840&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" data-original-width="206" data-original-height="206" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Belinda Mason" alt="A young white woman speaks at a microphone." layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 206px; height: 206px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwNiIgd2lkdGg9IjIwNiIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?w=206&h=206&crop=1&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?w=890&ssl=1 890w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=300%2C300&ssl=1 300w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=150%2C150&ssl=1 150w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=768%2C768&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=800%2C800&ssl=1 800w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=400%2C400&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=200%2C200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Belinda-Mason-9-18-89_sq.jpg?resize=840%2C840&ssl=1 840w" width="206" height="206" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Belinda Mason" alt="A young white woman speaks at a microphone."></noscript></amp-img> <div class="tiled-gallery-caption" itemprop="caption description"> Belinda Ann Mason was a journalist and fiction writer infected with HIV through a transfusion, and founded the first organizations in Kentucky and Indiana for people with HIV disease. September 18, 1989 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>
|
||
<p>When Mason died in September of 1991, President George H. W. Bush appointed <a href="https://collections.nlm.nih.gov/catalog/nlm:nlmuid-101647507-root?leaf=101647507X134">Earvin “Magic” Johnson</a>, the NBA star newly diagnosed with HIV, to fill her position. Johnson resigned in September 1992 stating he could no longer remain a member of a body whose recommendations were so consistently ignored by the administration. Mary Fisher, an HIV-positive artist and founder of the Family AIDS Network filled Johnson’s position through September of 1993.</p>
|
||
<div class="tiled-gallery type-rectangular tiled-gallery-unresized" data-original-width="840" data-carousel-extra='{"blog_id":1,"permalink":"https:\/\/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov\/2022\/01\/07\/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993\/","likes_blog_id":"52242398"}' itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <div class="gallery-row amp-wp-3a55713" data-original-width="840" data-original-height="538" data-amp-original-style="width: 840px; height: 538px;"> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-308ca06" data-original-width="418" data-original-height="538" data-amp-original-style="width: 418px; height: 538px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="414"> <meta itemprop="height" content="534"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-020a107 i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23003" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg" data-orig-size="931,1200" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Johnson Acceptance Letter" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?fit=233%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?fit=794%2C1024&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?w=414&h=534&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?w=931&ssl=1 931w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=233%2C300&ssl=1 233w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=794%2C1024&ssl=1 794w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=768%2C990&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=840%2C1083&ssl=1 840w" width="414" height="534" data-original-width="414" data-original-height="534" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Johnson Acceptance Letter" alt="A letter from Earvin Johnson to the President dated November 15, 1991" layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 414px; height: 534px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjQxNCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?w=414&h=534&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?w=931&ssl=1 931w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=233%2C300&ssl=1 233w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=794%2C1024&ssl=1 794w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=768%2C990&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-acceptance_101083016.jpg?resize=840%2C1083&ssl=1 840w" width="414" height="534" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Johnson Acceptance Letter" alt="A letter from Earvin Johnson to the President dated November 15, 1991"></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> <div class="gallery-group images-1 amp-wp-d79aed2" data-original-width="422" data-original-height="538" data-amp-original-style="width: 422px; height: 538px;"> <div class="tiled-gallery-item tiled-gallery-item-large" itemprop="associatedMedia" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject"> <meta itemprop="width" content="418"> <meta itemprop="height" content="534"> <amp-img class="amp-wp-enforced-sizes amp-wp-7e3a49b i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" data-attachment-id="23004" data-orig-file="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg" data-orig-size="939,1200" data-comments-opened="1" data-image-meta='{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"1"}' data-image-title="Johnson Resignation Letter" data-image-description="" data-medium-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?fit=235%2C300&ssl=1" data-large-file="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?fit=801%2C1024&ssl=1" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?w=418&h=534&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?w=939&ssl=1 939w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=235%2C300&ssl=1 235w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=801%2C1024&ssl=1 801w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=768%2C981&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=840%2C1073&ssl=1 840w" width="418" height="534" data-original-width="418" data-original-height="534" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Johnson Resignation Letter" alt="A letter to President Bush on Magic Johnson Foundation letterhead dated September 24, 1992" layout="intrinsic" data-amp-original-style="width: 418px; height: 534px;" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjUzNCIgd2lkdGg9IjQxOCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img decoding="async" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?w=418&h=534&ssl=1" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?w=939&ssl=1 939w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=235%2C300&ssl=1 235w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=801%2C1024&ssl=1 801w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=768%2C981&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/01/Johnson-resignation_101083016.jpg?resize=840%2C1073&ssl=1 840w" width="418" height="534" loading="lazy" itemprop="http://schema.org/image" title="Johnson Resignation Letter" alt="A letter to President Bush on Magic Johnson Foundation letterhead dated September 24, 1992"></noscript></amp-img> </div> </div> </div> </div>
|
||
<p>Together, the commissioners carried out the most wide-ranging study of the AIDS epidemic to that time, a veritable “Michelin Guide” to HIV/AIDS in America. They worked hard to include the voices that had been left out of earlier investigations, especially those from communities of color. The commission’s work also reopened discussions about America’s approach to drug misuse. Because the NCAIDS operated for four years, providing regular reports and public statements about their work, it helped keep HIV disease visible to both the public and to politicians and other leaders; likewise, it provided hope to those working on the front lines. Finally, by keeping HIV/AIDS in the news and prodding political leaders, the NCAIDS members helped generate support for increased AIDS-related funding. Funding for HIV/AIDS research and health care services grew substantially during the Clinton administration and those that followed.</p>
|
||
<p>We invite you to explore the work of this extraordinary group through the documents and resources provided on the new <a href="https://profiles.nlm.nih.gov/spotlight/ncaids">National Commission on AIDS, 1989–1993</a> site on <em>Profiles in Science</em>.</p>
|
||
<p><em>Susan Speaker, PhD, is Historian for the Digital Manuscripts Program of the History of Medicine Division at the National Library of Medicine.</em></p>
|
||
<div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Circulate this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><amp-social-share type="twitter" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Twitter" title="Click to share on Twitter" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="facebook" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Facebook" title="Click to share on Facebook" data-param-app_id="249643311490" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="pinterest" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Pinterest" title="Click to share on Pinterest" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="tumblr" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Tumblr" title="Click to share on Tumblr" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="reddit" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Reddit" title="Click to share on Reddit" data-share-endpoint="https://reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcirculatingnow.nlm.nih.gov%2F2022%2F01%2F07%2Fthe-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993%2F&title=The%20National%20Commission%20on%20AIDS%2C%201989%E2%80%931993" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="linkedin" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on LinkedIn" title="Click to share on LinkedIn" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share><amp-social-share type="email" height="32px" width="32px" aria-label="Click to share on Email" title="Click to share on Email" data-target="_self" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:32px;height:32px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-social-share></div></div></div></div>
|
||
<nav class="jp-relatedposts-i2" data-layout="grid" aria-label="Related Posts"><ul class="jp-related-posts-i2__list" role="list" data-post-count="3"><li id="related-posts-item-67c7bf08db0e8" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post"><a id="related-posts-item-67c7bf08db0e8-label" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2016/05/19/june-e-osborn-at-the-center-of-national-policy-on-aids/" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-link">June E. Osborn: At the Center of National Policy on AIDS<amp-img class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-img amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="Letter to Magic Johnson thanking him for his participation on the Commission" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjM1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="Letter to Magic Johnson thanking him for his participation on the Commission" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/magic-osborn_feature-1.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200"></noscript></amp-img></a><dl class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs"><dt>Date</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-date">May 19, 2016</dd><dt>In relation to</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-context"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/archives-manuscripts/">Archives & Manuscripts</a></dd></dl></li><li id="related-posts-item-67c7bf08db13d" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post"><a id="related-posts-item-67c7bf08db13d-label" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2023/11/30/world-aids-day-2023/" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-link">World AIDS Day: Visual Culture and Communities<amp-img class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-img amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="A world map with faces making up the continents." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjM1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="A world map with faces making up the continents." srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2023/11/101584655X106_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200"></noscript></amp-img></a><dl class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs"><dt>Date</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-date">November 30, 2023</dd><dt>In relation to</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-context"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/">Collections</a></dd></dl></li><li id="related-posts-item-67c7bf08db169" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post"><a id="related-posts-item-67c7bf08db169-label" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2016/10/04/celebrating-american-archives-month/" class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-link">Celebrating American Archives Month<amp-img class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-img amp-wp-enforced-sizes i-amphtml-layout-intrinsic i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="October is American Archives Month" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200" layout="intrinsic" i-amphtml-layout="intrinsic"><i-amphtml-sizer slot="i-amphtml-svc" class="i-amphtml-sizer"><img alt="" aria-hidden="true" class="i-amphtml-intrinsic-sizer" role="presentation" src="data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyBoZWlnaHQ9IjIwMCIgd2lkdGg9IjM1MCIgeG1sbnM9Imh0dHA6Ly93d3cudzMub3JnLzIwMDAvc3ZnIiB2ZXJzaW9uPSIxLjEiLz4="></i-amphtml-sizer><noscript><img loading="lazy" src="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200" alt="October is American Archives Month" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https://i0.wp.com/circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/aam-archives-month_feature.jpg?fit=900%2C400&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x" width="350" height="200"></noscript></amp-img></a><dl class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-defs"><dt>Date</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-date">October 4, 2016</dd><dt>In relation to</dt><dd class="jp-related-posts-i2__post-context"><a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/about-us/">About Us</a></dd></dl></li></ul></nav>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="amp-wp-article-footer">
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-tax-category">
|
||
Categories: <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/archives-manuscripts/" rel="category tag">Archives & Manuscripts</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/category/collections/" rel="category tag">Collections</a> </div>
|
||
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-tax-tag">
|
||
Tags: <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/advocacy/" rel="tag">advocacy</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/digital-collections/" rel="tag">digital collections</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/film/" rel="tag">film</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/hivaids/" rel="tag">HIV/AIDS</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/profiles-in-science/" rel="tag">Profiles in Science</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/public-health/" rel="tag">public health</a>, <a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/tag/spotlight/" rel="tag">spotlight</a> </div>
|
||
<div class="amp-wp-meta amp-wp-comments-link">
|
||
<a href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2022/01/07/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993/#respond">
|
||
Leave a Comment </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
</article>
|
||
|
||
<footer class="amp-wp-footer">
|
||
<div>
|
||
<h2>Circulating Now from the NLM Historical Collections</h2>
|
||
<a href="#top" class="back-to-top">Back to top</a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</footer>
|
||
|
||
|
||
<amp-pixel src="https://pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=ext&blog=52242398&post=22989&tz=-5&srv=circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov&hp=atomic&ac=2&amp=1&host=circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov&rand=RANDOM&ref=DOCUMENT_REFERRER" class="i-amphtml-layout-fixed i-amphtml-layout-size-defined" style="width:1px;height:1px" i-amphtml-layout="fixed"></amp-pixel> <div id="amp-mobile-version-switcher">
|
||
<a rel="nofollow" href="https://circulatingnow.nlm.nih.gov/2022/01/07/the-national-commission-on-aids-1989-1993/?noamp=mobile">
|
||
Exit mobile version </a>
|
||
</div>
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
|
||
</body></html>
|