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55 lines
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3.8 KiB
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<title>Dr. Louise Pearce</title>
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<p class="photoTitle">Dr. Louise Pearce</p>
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<!-- BEGIN DISPLAY OF Transcript -->
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<p>Dr. Louise Pearce volunteered to go alone to the Belgian Congo in 1920
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to test a new drug she hoped would cure African sleeping sickness, a disease that was often fatal.
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She received her M.D. from The Johns Hopkins University in 1912.
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Looking for work, she wrote to Dr. Simon Flexner, Director of the Rockefeller Institute in New York City,
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requesting a research position.
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Dr. Flexner supported her application, and Dr. Louise Pearce became the first woman to work directly with him.
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In 1910, an arsenic-based drug called Salvarsan was found to be an effective treatment for syphilis.
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Scientists had hopes of developing other arsenic-based drugs.
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Dr. Flexner asked his research team to try and find an arsenical compound for use against African sleeping sickness.
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They succeeded. Tryparsamide, they found, destroyed the infectious agent of sleeping sickness in animals.
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In 1919, these results were announced in the Journal of Experimental Medicine.
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A severe outbreak of African sleeping sickness broke out in the Belgian Congo in 1920.
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While in Africa, Dr. Pearce administered and studied the effects of the tryparsamide on seventy patients.
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The results were spectacular: the parasites were driven from circulating blood within days
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and totally eradicated within weeks.
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Symptoms cleared up and general health was restored in a large proportion of even the most severe cases.
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Belgian officials were impressed by the results. Dr. Pearce was awarded the Ancient Order of the Crown
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and elected a member of the Belgian Society of Tropical Medicine.
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Three decades later, in 1953, she was invited to Brussels
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to receive the King Leopold III Prize and an award of ten thousand dollars.
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After her success in the Belgian Congo, Dr. Pearce returned to the Rockefeller Institute,
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and was promoted to Associate Member in 1923.
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Teamed with Dr. Wade Hampton Brown, she studied susceptibility and resistance to infection.
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They discovered they could transplant certain cancers from one rabbit to another.
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The Brown-Pearce tumor was the first known transplantable tumor,
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aiding research into malignant tumors in cancer laboratories around the world.
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By 1940, more than two dozen hereditary diseases and deformities were studied in the tumors of the research team’s rabbits.
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After the death of Wade Hampton Brown in 1942, Dr. Pearce focused on writing up their research findings, until her retirement in 1951.
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After a short illness, she died at her home in New Jersey in 1959.</p>
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