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Abnormal growth hormone level

MedGen UID:
1703240
Concept ID:
C5139300
Finding
Synonym: Abnormal somatotropin level
 
HPO: HP:0032367

Definition

Any deviation from the normal level of growth hormone (GH) in the blood circulation. GH or somatotropin is a peptide hormone that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and cell regeneration. Its secretion from the pituitary is regulated by the neurosecretory nuclei of the hypothalamus, which can release Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH or somatocrinin) and Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone (GHIH or somatostatin) into the hypophyseal portal venous blood surrounding the pituitary. GH is secreted in a pulsatile manner, which is one of the reasons why an isolated measurement of its blood concentration is not meaningful. [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Stańczak NA, Grywalska E, Dudzińska E
Ann Med 2024 Dec;56(1):2357737. Epub 2024 Jul 4 doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2357737. PMID: 38965663Free PMC Article
Klosinska M, Kaczynska A, Ben-Skowronek I
Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022;13:860862. Epub 2022 Mar 18 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860862. PMID: 35370986Free PMC Article
Haffner D, Emma F, Eastwood DM, Biosse Duplan M, Bacchetta J, Schnabel D, Wicart P, Bockenhauer D, Santos F, Levtchenko E, Harvengt P, Kirchhoff M, Di Rocco F, Chaussain C, Brandi ML, Savendahl L, Briot K, Kamenicky P, Rejnmark L, Linglart A
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 Jul;15(7):435-455. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0152-5. PMID: 31068690Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Hepprich M, Ebrahimi F, Christ E
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023 Dec;37(6):101821. Epub 2023 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101821. PMID: 37821339
de Munnik SA, Hoefsloot EH, Roukema J, Schoots J, Knoers NV, Brunner HG, Jackson AP, Bongers EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 Sep 17;10:114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0322-x. PMID: 26381604Free PMC Article
Bharath R, Unnikrishnan AG, Thampy MV, Anilkumar A, Nisha B, Praveen VP, Nair V, Jayakumar RV, Kumar H
Indian J Pediatr 2010 Feb;77(2):193-5. Epub 2009 Dec 11 doi: 10.1007/s12098-009-0226-7. PMID: 20012804
Gola M, Bonadonna S, Doga M, Mazziotti G, Giustina A
J Endocrinol Invest 2005 Sep;28(8):759-67. doi: 10.1007/BF03347561. PMID: 16277174
Grosso S, Cioni M, Buoni S, Peruzzi L, Pucci L, Berardi R
J Endocrinol Invest 1998 Jul-Aug;21(7):418-22. doi: 10.1007/BF03347319. PMID: 9766254

Diagnosis

Dhaneshwar S, Shandily S, Tiwari V
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023;23(6):748-763. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666221012155533. PMID: 36237164
Haffner D, Emma F, Eastwood DM, Biosse Duplan M, Bacchetta J, Schnabel D, Wicart P, Bockenhauer D, Santos F, Levtchenko E, Harvengt P, Kirchhoff M, Di Rocco F, Chaussain C, Brandi ML, Savendahl L, Briot K, Kamenicky P, Rejnmark L, Linglart A
Nat Rev Nephrol 2019 Jul;15(7):435-455. doi: 10.1038/s41581-019-0152-5. PMID: 31068690Free PMC Article
de Munnik SA, Hoefsloot EH, Roukema J, Schoots J, Knoers NV, Brunner HG, Jackson AP, Bongers EM
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2015 Sep 17;10:114. doi: 10.1186/s13023-015-0322-x. PMID: 26381604Free PMC Article
Pereira O, Bevan JS
Pituitary 2008;11(4):347-51. doi: 10.1007/s11102-008-0093-7. PMID: 18338267
Jansen RP
Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 1994 Jun;34(3):277-85. doi: 10.1111/j.1479-828x.1994.tb01073.x. PMID: 7848200

Therapy

Hepprich M, Ebrahimi F, Christ E
Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023 Dec;37(6):101821. Epub 2023 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.beem.2023.101821. PMID: 37821339
Sodero G, Cipolla C, Pane LC, Sessa L, Malavolta E, Arzilli F, Leoni C, Zampino G, Rigante D
Growth Horm IGF Res 2023 Apr-Jun;69-70:101532. Epub 2023 Apr 9 doi: 10.1016/j.ghir.2023.101532. PMID: 37084633
Dhaneshwar S, Shandily S, Tiwari V
Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets 2023;23(6):748-763. doi: 10.2174/1871530322666221012155533. PMID: 36237164
Grosso S, Cioni M, Buoni S, Peruzzi L, Pucci L, Berardi R
J Endocrinol Invest 1998 Jul-Aug;21(7):418-22. doi: 10.1007/BF03347319. PMID: 9766254
Melmed S
Metabolism 1996 Aug;45(8 Suppl 1):51-2. doi: 10.1016/s0026-0495(96)90081-5. PMID: 8769381

Prognosis

Stańczak NA, Grywalska E, Dudzińska E
Ann Med 2024 Dec;56(1):2357737. Epub 2024 Jul 4 doi: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2357737. PMID: 38965663Free PMC Article
Mohanraj S, Prasad HK
Indian J Pediatr 2023 Jun;90(6):590-597. Epub 2023 May 2 doi: 10.1007/s12098-023-04577-x. PMID: 37127825
Torres VE, Chapman AB, Devuyst O, Gansevoort RT, Grantham JJ, Higashihara E, Perrone RD, Krasa HB, Ouyang J, Czerwiec FS; TEMPO 3:4 Trial Investigators
N Engl J Med 2012 Dec 20;367(25):2407-18. Epub 2012 Nov 3 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa1205511. PMID: 23121377Free PMC Article
Olsen J, Bonde JP, Basso O, Hjøllund NH, Sørensen HT, Abell A
Int J Androl 2000 Aug;23(4):230-5. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2605.2000.00239.x. PMID: 10886426
Hammond MG
Fertil Steril 1984 Oct;42(4):499-509. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(16)48129-x. PMID: 6436060

Clinical prediction guides

Rosenberg AGW, Passone CGB, Pellikaan K, Damiani D, van der Lely AJ, Polak M, Bernardo WM, de Graaff LCG
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Sep 27;106(10):3068-3091. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab406. PMID: 34105729Free PMC Article
Chanson P
Ann Endocrinol (Paris) 2021 Jun;82(3-4):210-213. Epub 2020 Mar 4 doi: 10.1016/j.ando.2020.03.005. PMID: 32473787
Saenger P
Horm Res 2000;53 Suppl 1:60-9. doi: 10.1159/000053207. PMID: 10895045
Björntorp P, Rosmond R
Drugs 1999;58 Suppl 1:13-8; discussion 75-82. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199958001-00005. PMID: 10576519
Grosso S, Cioni M, Buoni S, Peruzzi L, Pucci L, Berardi R
J Endocrinol Invest 1998 Jul-Aug;21(7):418-22. doi: 10.1007/BF03347319. PMID: 9766254

Recent systematic reviews

Schigt H, Bald M, van der Eerden BCJ, Gal L, Ilenwabor BP, Konrad M, Levine MA, Li D, Mache CJ, Mackin S, Perry C, Rios FJ, Schlingmann KP, Storey B, Trapp CM, Verkerk AJMH, Zillikens MC, Touyz RM, Hoorn EJ, Hoenderop JGJ, de Baaij JHF
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023 Aug 18;108(9):e754-e768. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgad147. PMID: 36916904Free PMC Article
Orso M, Polistena B, Granato S, Novelli G, Di Virgilio R, La Torre D, d'Angela D, Spandonaro F
PLoS One 2022;17(2):e0264403. Epub 2022 Feb 25 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264403. PMID: 35213607Free PMC Article
Rosenberg AGW, Passone CGB, Pellikaan K, Damiani D, van der Lely AJ, Polak M, Bernardo WM, de Graaff LCG
J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021 Sep 27;106(10):3068-3091. doi: 10.1210/clinem/dgab406. PMID: 34105729Free PMC Article
Guo S, Quan S, Zou S
Reprod Sci 2021 Oct;28(10):2770-2778. Epub 2021 May 18 doi: 10.1007/s43032-021-00610-6. PMID: 34008156
Scherdel P, Dunkel L, van Dommelen P, Goulet O, Salaün JF, Brauner R, Heude B, Chalumeau M
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2016 May;4(5):447-56. Epub 2016 Jan 15 doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(15)00392-7. PMID: 26777129

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