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EEG with focal epileptiform discharges

MedGen UID:: 866845
•Concept ID:: C4021199
•: Finding

Synonym:	Focal EEG Abnormality

HPO:	HP:0011185

Definition

EEG discharges recorded in particular areas of a localized (focal) abnormality in cerebral electrical activity recorded along the scalp by electroencephalography (EEG). [from HPO]

Term Hierarchy

GTR
MeSH

CClinical test, RResearch test, OOMIM, GGeneReviews, VClinVar

EEG with focal epileptiform discharges

Abnormal nervous system physiology
- Abnormal nervous system electrophysiology
  - Abnormality of central nervous system electrophysiology
    - EEG abnormality
      - Interictal EEG abnormality
        Interictal epileptiform activity
        EEG with focal epileptiform discharges
        EEG with central epileptiform discharges
        EEG with central focal spike waves
        EEG with central focal spikes
        EEG with central sharp slow waves
        EEG with central sharp waves
        EEG with centrotemporal epileptiform discharges
        EEG with centrotemporal focal spike waves
        EEG with focal sharp slow waves
        EEG with focal sharp waves
        EEG with focal spike waves
        EEG with focal spikes
        EEG with series of focal spikes
        EEG with frontal epileptiform discharges
        EEG with frontal focal spike waves
        EEG with frontal focal spikes
        EEG with frontal sharp slow waves
        EEG with frontal sharp waves
        EEG with occipital epileptiform discharges
        EEG with occipital focal spike waves
        EEG with occipital focal spikes
        EEG with occipital sharp slow waves
        EEG with occipital sharp waves
        EEG with parietal epileptiform discharges
        EEG with parietal focal spike waves
        EEG with parietal focal spikes
        EEG with parietal sharp slow waves
        EEG with parietal sharp waves
        EEG with temporal epileptiform discharges
        EEG with temporal focal spike waves
        EEG with temporal focal spikes
        EEG with temporal sharp slow waves
        EEG with temporal sharp waves
        Focal EEG discharges with propagation to ipsilateral hemisphere
        Focal EEG discharges with secondary generalization
        Focal epileptiform discharges with limited propagation to contralateral hemisphere
        EEG with periodic lateralized epileptiform discharges
        Hemihypsarrhythmia
        Multifocal epileptiform discharges
        Bilateral multifocal epileptiform discharges
        Uni- and bilateral multifocal epileptiform discharges
        Unilateral multifocal epileptiform discharges
        Polymorphic focal epileptiform discharges

Conditions with this feature

Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities

MedGen UID:: 1672905
•Concept ID:: C5193124
•: Disease or Syndrome

Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities (HIDEA) is an autosomal recessive neurodevelopmental syndrome characterized by global developmental delay, poor or absent speech, hypotonia, variable ocular movement and visual abnormalities, and respiratory difficulties, including hypoventilation, and sleep apnea. Patients may have significant breathing problems during respiratory infections that may lead to early death (summary by Rahikkala et al., 2019).

See: Condition Record

Hypotonia, hypoventilation, impaired intellectual development, dysautonomia, epilepsy, and eye abnormalities

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Intraventricular SEEG and laser ablation for the treatment of infantile spasm: Technical note.

Xu X, Wang Q, Zhao Y, Xu X, Gan Z, Zhang S, Chen X
Brain Behav 2023 Oct;13(10):e3184. Epub 2023 Jul 26 doi: 10.1002/brb3.3184. PMID: 37492027 Free PMC Article

Expert opinion: Proposed diagnostic and treatment algorithms for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adult patients.

Montouris G, Aboumatar S, Burdette D, Kothare S, Kuzniecky R, Rosenfeld W, Chung S
Epilepsy Behav 2020 Sep;110:107146. Epub 2020 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107146. PMID: 32563898

Treatment of epilepsy in patients with Alzheimer's disease.

Giorgi FS, Guida M, Vergallo A, Bonuccelli U, Zaccara G
Expert Rev Neurother 2017 Mar;17(3):309-318. Epub 2016 Oct 11 doi: 10.1080/14737175.2017.1243469. PMID: 27687685

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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

EEG microstates show different features in focal epilepsy and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures.

Kučikienė D, Rajkumar R, Timpte K, Heckelmann J, Neuner I, Weber Y, Wolking S
Epilepsia 2024 Apr;65(4):974-983. Epub 2024 Jan 30 doi: 10.1111/epi.17897. PMID: 38289522

Interictal and seizure-onset EEG patterns in malformations of cortical development: A systematic review.

Shakhatreh L, Janmohamed M, Baker AA, Willard A, Laing J, Rychkova M, Chen Z, Kwan P, O'Brien TJ, Perucca P
Neurobiol Dis 2022 Nov;174:105863. Epub 2022 Sep 19 doi: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105863. PMID: 36165814

Etiology and prognostic significance of ictal EEG patterns in patients with non-convulsive seizures.

Singh J, Gopal M, Amin A, Peng J
Epileptic Disord 2022 Feb 1;24(1):75-81. doi: 10.1684/epd.2021.1363. PMID: 34750097

Clinical presentation of neurocysticercosis-related epilepsy.

Duque KR, Burneo JG
Epilepsy Behav 2017 Nov;76:151-157. Epub 2017 Sep 5 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2017.08.008. PMID: 28882721

Clinical Impact of Epileptiform Discharge in Children With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD).

Lee EH, Choi YS, Yoon HS, Bahn GH
J Child Neurol 2016 Apr;31(5):584-8. Epub 2015 Sep 4 doi: 10.1177/0883073815604223. PMID: 26341812

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Diagnosis

Learn how to interpret and use intracranial EEG findings.

Frauscher B, Mansilla D, Abdallah C, Astner-Rohracher A, Beniczky S, Brazdil M, Gnatkovsky V, Jacobs J, Kalamangalam G, Perucca P, Ryvlin P, Schuele S, Tao J, Wang Y, Zijlmans M, McGonigal A
Epileptic Disord 2024 Feb;26(1):1-59. Epub 2024 Feb 13 doi: 10.1002/epd2.20190. PMID: 38116690

Expert opinion: Proposed diagnostic and treatment algorithms for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adult patients.

Montouris G, Aboumatar S, Burdette D, Kothare S, Kuzniecky R, Rosenfeld W, Chung S
Epilepsy Behav 2020 Sep;110:107146. Epub 2020 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107146. PMID: 32563898

Electroencephalography in Epilepsy Evaluation.

Chen H, Koubeissi MZ
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2019 Apr;25(2):431-453. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000000705. PMID: 30921017

Fixation-off sensitivity.

Brigo F, Rossini F, Stefani A, Nardone R, Tezzon F, Fiaschi A, Manganotti P, Bongiovanni LG
Clin Neurophysiol 2013 Feb;124(2):221-7. Epub 2012 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.017. PMID: 22925838

Frontal lobe epilepsy.

Beleza P, Pinho J
J Clin Neurosci 2011 May;18(5):593-600. Epub 2011 Feb 23 doi: 10.1016/j.jocn.2010.08.018. PMID: 21349720

See all (706)

Therapy

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children with epilepsy: a multicenter cross-sectional analysis in China.

Pan G, Han Y, Wang TC, Chen ZY, Wang XQ, Sun HB, Liu YH, Wang Q, Lin WH, Li JM, Zhou SZ, Zhang YH
World J Pediatr 2024 Oct;20(10):1070-1078. Epub 2024 May 28 doi: 10.1007/s12519-024-00813-2. PMID: 38806855

Multisensory flicker modulates widespread brain networks and reduces interictal epileptiform discharges.

Blanpain LT, Cole ER, Chen E, Park JK, Walelign MY, Gross RE, Cabaniss BT, Willie JT, Singer AC
Nat Commun 2024 Apr 11;15(1):3156. doi: 10.1038/s41467-024-47263-y. PMID: 38605017 Free PMC Article

Etiology and prognostic significance of ictal EEG patterns in patients with non-convulsive seizures.

Singh J, Gopal M, Amin A, Peng J
Epileptic Disord 2022 Feb 1;24(1):75-81. doi: 10.1684/epd.2021.1363. PMID: 34750097

Expert opinion: Proposed diagnostic and treatment algorithms for Lennox-Gastaut syndrome in adult patients.

Montouris G, Aboumatar S, Burdette D, Kothare S, Kuzniecky R, Rosenfeld W, Chung S
Epilepsy Behav 2020 Sep;110:107146. Epub 2020 Jun 18 doi: 10.1016/j.yebeh.2020.107146. PMID: 32563898

Periodic focal epileptiform discharges.

Tatum WO, Feyissa AM, ReFaey K, Grewal SS, Alvi MA, Castro-Apolo R, Roth G, Segura-Duran I, Mahato D, Ruiz-Garcia H, Pamias-Portalatin E, Yelvington K, Chaichana K, Bechtle P, Quinones-Hinojosa A
Clin Neurophysiol 2019 Aug;130(8):1320-1328. Epub 2019 May 31 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2019.04.718. PMID: 31185363

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Prognosis

Learn how to interpret and use intracranial EEG findings.

The spectrum of sepsis-associated encephalopathy: a clinical perspective.

Sonneville R, Benghanem S, Jeantin L, de Montmollin E, Doman M, Gaudemer A, Thy M, Timsit JF
Crit Care 2023 Oct 5;27(1):386. doi: 10.1186/s13054-023-04655-8. PMID: 37798769 Free PMC Article

Directed differential connectivity graph of interictal epileptiform discharges.

Amini L, Jutten C, Achard S, David O, Soltanian-Zadeh H, Hossein-Zadeh GA, Kahane P, Minotti L, Vercueil L
IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2011 Apr;58(4):884-93. Epub 2010 Dec 13 doi: 10.1109/TBME.2010.2099227. PMID: 21156385 Free PMC Article

Is it status?

Brenner RP
Epilepsia 2002;43 Suppl 3:103-13. doi: 10.1046/j.1528-1157.43.s.3.9.x. PMID: 12060012

Principles of magnetoencephalography.

Sato S, Balish M, Muratore R
J Clin Neurophysiol 1991 Apr;8(2):144-56. doi: 10.1097/00004691-199104000-00003. PMID: 2050815

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Clinical prediction guides

The clinical features of familial focal epilepsy with variable foci and NPRL3 gene variant.

Wang Y, Yu P, Zhu G, Wu X, Ding D, Hong Z
PLoS One 2023;18(4):e0284924. Epub 2023 Apr 26 doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284924. PMID: 37099548 Free PMC Article

Focal epilepsies and focal disorders.

Lagarde S, Bartolomei F
Handb Clin Neurol 2019;161:17-43. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-64142-7.00039-4. PMID: 31307599

The forsaking of the clinical EEG by psychiatry: how justified?

Boutros NN
CNS Spectr 2018 Jun;23(3):196-204. Epub 2017 Aug 2 doi: 10.1017/S1092852917000505. PMID: 28766469

Fixation-off sensitivity.

Brigo F, Rossini F, Stefani A, Nardone R, Tezzon F, Fiaschi A, Manganotti P, Bongiovanni LG
Clin Neurophysiol 2013 Feb;124(2):221-7. Epub 2012 Aug 24 doi: 10.1016/j.clinph.2012.07.017. PMID: 22925838

Directed differential connectivity graph of interictal epileptiform discharges.

See all (438)

Recent systematic reviews

Interictal and seizure-onset EEG patterns in malformations of cortical development: A systematic review.

Systematic review of EEG findings in 617 patients diagnosed with COVID-19.

Antony AR, Haneef Z
Seizure 2020 Dec;83:234-241. Epub 2020 Oct 19 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.10.014. PMID: 33121875 Free PMC Article

Electroencephalographic findings in COVID-19 patients: A systematic review.

Roberto KT, Espiritu AI, Fernandez MLL, Gutierrez JC
Seizure 2020 Nov;82:17-22. Epub 2020 Sep 15 doi: 10.1016/j.seizure.2020.09.007. PMID: 32957032 Free PMC Article

The 'Photosensitivity Model' is (also) a model for focal (partial) seizures.

Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite D, Genton P, Brandt C, Reed RC
Epilepsy Res 2017 Jul;133:113-120. Epub 2016 Dec 2 doi: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2016.11.012. PMID: 28034485

Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of epilepsy.

Chen R, Spencer DC, Weston J, Nolan SJ
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2016 Aug 11;(8):CD011025. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011025.pub2. PMID: 27513825

See all (9)

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EEG with focal epileptiform discharges

Definition

Term Hierarchy

Conditions with this feature

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Diagnosis

Therapy

Prognosis

Clinical prediction guides

Recent systematic reviews

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

Clinical resources

Practice guidelines

Consumer resources

Reviews

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