U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

C3HEX, ability to smell

MedGen UID:
767370
•Concept ID:
C3554456
•
Finding
Synonym: C3HEX, ABILITY TO SMELL
 
Gene (location): OR2J3 (6p22.1)
 
OMIM®: 615082

Definition

Cis-3-hexen-1-ol (C3HEX) is present in a wide range of foods and beverages, including wine and spirits, olive oil, vegetables, fruit, and green tea. C3HEX is commonly associated with sensory characteristics such as 'green' and 'grassy.' The probability of an individual's ability to detect C3HEX at a particular intensity (the R-index) can be estimated, and the threshold for detection is normally distributed (summary by Jaeger et al., 2010). [from OMIM]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Smell and Taste Disorders in Primary Care.
Savard DJ, Ursua FG, Gaddey HL
Am Fam Physician 2023 Sep;108(3):240-248. PMID: 37725455
Anosmia: Differential diagnosis, evaluation, and management.
Scangas GA, Bleier BS
Am J Rhinol Allergy 2017 Jan 1;31(1):3-7. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2017.31.4403. PMID: 28234141
Considering the senses in the diagnosis and management of dementia.
Behrman S, Chouliaras L, Ebmeier KP
Maturitas 2014 Apr;77(4):305-10. Epub 2014 Jan 18 doi: 10.1016/j.maturitas.2014.01.003. PMID: 24495787

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
The SARS-CoV-2 as an instrumental trigger of autoimmunity.
Dotan A, Muller S, Kanduc D, David P, Halpert G, Shoenfeld Y
Autoimmun Rev 2021 Apr;20(4):102792. Epub 2021 Feb 19 doi: 10.1016/j.autrev.2021.102792. PMID: 33610751Free PMC Article
Anosmia-A Clinical Review.
Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB
Chem Senses 2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025. PMID: 28531300Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Do the blinds smell better?
Luers JC, Mikolajczak S, Hahn M, Wittekindt C, Beutner D, Hüttenbrink KB, Damm M
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014 Jul;271(7):1933-7. Epub 2013 Nov 15 doi: 10.1007/s00405-013-2816-2. PMID: 24232912

Diagnosis

Smell and Taste Function and Their Disturbances in Sjögren's Syndrome.
Błochowiak K
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 30;19(19) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191912472. PMID: 36231772Free PMC Article
Olfaction and anosmia: From ancient times to COVID-19.
Mathis S, Le Masson G, Soulages A, Duval F, Carla L, Vallat JM, Solé G
J Neurol Sci 2021 Jun 15;425:117433. Epub 2021 Apr 3 doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117433. PMID: 33848701Free PMC Article
Anosmia-A Clinical Review.
Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB
Chem Senses 2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025. PMID: 28531300Free PMC Article
Migraine: multiple processes, complex pathophysiology.
Burstein R, Noseda R, Borsook D
J Neurosci 2015 Apr 29;35(17):6619-29. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0373-15.2015. PMID: 25926442Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article

Therapy

Interventions for perceptual disorders following stroke.
Hazelton C, Thomson K, Todhunter-Brown A, Campbell P, Chung CS, Dorris L, Gillespie DC, Hunter SM, McGill K, Nicolson DJ, Williams LJ, Brady MC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 3;11(11):CD007039. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007039.pub3. PMID: 36326118Free PMC Article
Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non-hospitalised term infants.
Foong SC, Tan ML, Foong WC, Marasco LA, Ho JJ, Ong JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 May 18;5(5):CD011505. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011505.pub2. PMID: 32421208Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Facial transplantation.
Shanmugarajah K, Hettiaratchy S, Butler PE
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012 Aug;20(4):291-7. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283552cc5. PMID: 22894997
Is there directional smelling?
Kobal G, Van Toller S, Hummel T
Experientia 1989 Feb 15;45(2):130-2. doi: 10.1007/BF01954845. PMID: 2493388

Prognosis

"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
Anosmia-A Clinical Review.
Boesveldt S, Postma EM, Boak D, Welge-Luessen A, Schöpf V, Mainland JD, Martens J, Ngai J, Duffy VB
Chem Senses 2017 Sep 1;42(7):513-523. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjx025. PMID: 28531300Free PMC Article
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Facial transplantation.
Shanmugarajah K, Hettiaratchy S, Butler PE
Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2012 Aug;20(4):291-7. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3283552cc5. PMID: 22894997
Recurrent bacterial vaginosis.
Hay PE
Dermatol Clin 1998 Oct;16(4):769-73, xii-xiii. doi: 10.1016/s0733-8635(05)70044-9. PMID: 9891678

Clinical prediction guides

"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
Human olfactory detection of packaged cannabis.
Gilbert AN, DiVerdi JA
Sci Justice 2020 Mar;60(2):169-172. Epub 2019 Nov 22 doi: 10.1016/j.scijus.2019.10.007. PMID: 32111290
Biomarkers of Parkinson's disease: present and future.
Miller DB, O'Callaghan JP
Metabolism 2015 Mar;64(3 Suppl 1):S40-6. Epub 2014 Oct 31 doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.030. PMID: 25510818Free PMC Article
Do the blinds smell better?
Luers JC, Mikolajczak S, Hahn M, Wittekindt C, Beutner D, Hüttenbrink KB, Damm M
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014 Jul;271(7):1933-7. Epub 2013 Nov 15 doi: 10.1007/s00405-013-2816-2. PMID: 24232912
Olfactory metacognition.
Jönsson FU, Olsson MJ
Chem Senses 2003 Sep;28(7):651-8. doi: 10.1093/chemse/bjg058. PMID: 14578127

Recent systematic reviews

Does Olfactory Training Improve Brain Function and Cognition? A Systematic Review.
Vance DE, Del Bene VA, Kamath V, Frank JS, Billings R, Cho DY, Byun JY, Jacob A, Anderson JN, Visscher K, Triebel K, Martin KM, Li W, Puga F, Fazeli PL
Neuropsychol Rev 2024 Mar;34(1):155-191. Epub 2023 Feb 2 doi: 10.1007/s11065-022-09573-0. PMID: 36725781Free PMC Article
A systematic review of the biological mediators of fat taste and smell.
Jaime-Lara RB, Brooks BE, Vizioli C, Chiles M, Nawal N, Ortiz-Figueroa RSE, Livinski AA, Agarwal K, Colina-Prisco C, Iannarino N, Hilmi A, Tejeda HA, Joseph PV
Physiol Rev 2023 Jan 1;103(1):855-918. Epub 2022 Sep 15 doi: 10.1152/physrev.00061.2021. PMID: 36409650Free PMC Article
Interventions for perceptual disorders following stroke.
Hazelton C, Thomson K, Todhunter-Brown A, Campbell P, Chung CS, Dorris L, Gillespie DC, Hunter SM, McGill K, Nicolson DJ, Williams LJ, Brady MC
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2022 Nov 3;11(11):CD007039. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD007039.pub3. PMID: 36326118Free PMC Article
"LONG COVID": an insight.
Ahmad MS, Shaik RA, Ahmad RK, Yusuf M, Khan M, Almutairi AB, Alghuyaythat WKZ, Almutairi SB
Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2021 Sep;25(17):5561-5577. doi: 10.26355/eurrev_202109_26669. PMID: 34533807
Oral galactagogues (natural therapies or drugs) for increasing breast milk production in mothers of non-hospitalised term infants.
Foong SC, Tan ML, Foong WC, Marasco LA, Ho JJ, Ong JH
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2020 May 18;5(5):CD011505. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD011505.pub2. PMID: 32421208Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.
    • Bookshelf
      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • Gene
      Related information in NCBI Gene
    • GTR
      Related information in GTR
    • GTR(Clinical)
      Clinical tests in GTR
    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • OMIM(Genes)
      OMIM records containing genes associated with phenotypes registered in MedGen
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...