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Spastic cerebral palsy

MedGen UID:
137905
•Concept ID:
C0338596
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cerebral Palsy, Spastic; Spastic Cerebral Palsies; Spastic Cerebral Palsy
SNOMED CT: Pyramidal cerebral palsy (230773005); Congenital spastic paralysis (230773005); Spastic infantile paralysis (230773005); Little's disease (230773005); Infantile spastic cerebral palsy (230773005); Congenital spastic cerebral palsy (230773005); Spastic cerebral palsy (230773005)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0000396

Definition

A type of cerebral palsy defined by increased tone and pathological reflexes resulting in an abnormal pattern of movement and posture. [from SNOMEDCT_US]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • Spastic cerebral palsy

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Treatment on patients with spastic cerebral palsy in the past 30 years: A systematic review and bibliometric analysis.
Chen D, Wu Y, Li H, Pan X, Zhou J
Medicine (Baltimore) 2022 Nov 11;101(45):e30535. doi: 10.1097/MD.0000000000030535. PMID: 36397367Free PMC Article
Tone Reduction and Physical Therapy: Strengthening Partners in Treatment of Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy.
Franki I, Bar-On L, Molenaers G, Van Campenhout A, Craenen K, Desloovere K, Feys H, Pauwels P, De Cat J, Ortibus E
Neuropediatrics 2020 Apr;51(2):89-104. Epub 2019 Nov 27 doi: 10.1055/s-0039-3400987. PMID: 31777043
Intramuscular alcohol as an aid in management of spastic cerebral palsy.
Carpenter EB, Seitz DG
Dev Med Child Neurol 1980 Aug;22(4):497-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1980.tb04354.x. PMID: 7409340

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching of the Plantar Flexors on Ankle Range of Motion and Muscle-Tendon Behavior in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Kruse A, Habersack A, Jaspers RT, Schrapf N, Weide G, Svehlik M, Tilp M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 15;19(18) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811599. PMID: 36141875Free PMC Article
Effect of muscle strength training in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Merino-Andrés J, García de Mateos-López A, Damiano DL, Sánchez-Sierra A
Clin Rehabil 2022 Jan;36(1):4-14. Epub 2021 Aug 18 doi: 10.1177/02692155211040199. PMID: 34407619Free PMC Article
Cerebral palsy: Aetiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.
Upadhyay J, Tiwari N, Ansari MN
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020 Dec;47(12):1891-1901. Epub 2020 Aug 19 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13379. PMID: 32662125
A Critical Evaluation of Current Concepts in Cerebral Palsy.
Brandenburg JE, Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC
Physiology (Bethesda) 2019 May 1;34(3):216-229. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2018. PMID: 30968751Free PMC Article
Pediatric aquatic therapy on motor function and enjoyment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy of various motor severities.
Lai CJ, Liu WY, Yang TF, Chen CL, Wu CY, Chan RC
J Child Neurol 2015 Feb;30(2):200-8. Epub 2014 Jun 5 doi: 10.1177/0883073814535491. PMID: 24907137

Diagnosis

Effects of 8 weeks functional training programme on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Gulzar A, Waris M; Qurat Ul Ain
J Pak Med Assoc 2022 Jul;72(7):1278-1281. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.3476. PMID: 36156543
Effect of oral sensorimotor stimulation on oropharyngeal dysphagia in children with spastic cerebral palsy: a randomized controlled trial.
Abd-Elmonem AM, Saad-Eldien SS, Abd El-Nabie WA
Eur J Phys Rehabil Med 2021 Dec;57(6):912-922. Epub 2021 May 7 doi: 10.23736/S1973-9087.21.06802-7. PMID: 33960181
Cerebral palsy: Aetiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic interventions.
Upadhyay J, Tiwari N, Ansari MN
Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2020 Dec;47(12):1891-1901. Epub 2020 Aug 19 doi: 10.1111/1440-1681.13379. PMID: 32662125
A Critical Evaluation of Current Concepts in Cerebral Palsy.
Brandenburg JE, Fogarty MJ, Sieck GC
Physiology (Bethesda) 2019 May 1;34(3):216-229. doi: 10.1152/physiol.00054.2018. PMID: 30968751Free PMC Article
Pediatric aquatic therapy on motor function and enjoyment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy of various motor severities.
Lai CJ, Liu WY, Yang TF, Chen CL, Wu CY, Chan RC
J Child Neurol 2015 Feb;30(2):200-8. Epub 2014 Jun 5 doi: 10.1177/0883073814535491. PMID: 24907137

Therapy

Effects of 8 weeks functional training programme on posture control and functional mobility in spastic hemiplegic cerebral palsy.
Gulzar A, Waris M; Qurat Ul Ain
J Pak Med Assoc 2022 Jul;72(7):1278-1281. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.3476. PMID: 36156543
Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching of the Plantar Flexors on Ankle Range of Motion and Muscle-Tendon Behavior in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Kruse A, Habersack A, Jaspers RT, Schrapf N, Weide G, Svehlik M, Tilp M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 15;19(18) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811599. PMID: 36141875Free PMC Article
Effect of muscle strength training in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Merino-Andrés J, García de Mateos-López A, Damiano DL, Sánchez-Sierra A
Clin Rehabil 2022 Jan;36(1):4-14. Epub 2021 Aug 18 doi: 10.1177/02692155211040199. PMID: 34407619Free PMC Article
Pediatric aquatic therapy on motor function and enjoyment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy of various motor severities.
Lai CJ, Liu WY, Yang TF, Chen CL, Wu CY, Chan RC
J Child Neurol 2015 Feb;30(2):200-8. Epub 2014 Jun 5 doi: 10.1177/0883073814535491. PMID: 24907137
Hand-arm bimanual intensive therapy including lower extremities (HABIT-ILE) for children with cerebral palsy.
Bleyenheuft Y, Gordon AM
Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2014 Nov;34(4):390-403. Epub 2014 Oct 1 doi: 10.3109/01942638.2014.932884. PMID: 25271469

Prognosis

Three consecutive pregnancies in a woman with spastic cerebral palsy being treated with intrathecal baclofen therapy.
Barker KDD, Murtuza MI, Sloan EV
Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2025 Mar;168(3):893-895. Epub 2024 Oct 30 doi: 10.1002/ijgo.15988. PMID: 39475435Free PMC Article
Changes in Tactile Function During Intensive Bimanual Training in Children With Unilateral Spastic Cerebral Palsy.
Saussez G, Van Laethem M, Bleyenheuft Y
J Child Neurol 2018 Mar;33(4):260-268. doi: 10.1177/0883073817753291. PMID: 29433419
Impaired Voluntary Movement Control and Its Rehabilitation in Cerebral Palsy.
Gordon AM
Adv Exp Med Biol 2016;957:291-311. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-47313-0_16. PMID: 28035572
Hip dislocation in spastic cerebral palsy: long-term consequences.
Cooperman DR, Bartucci E, Dietrick E, Millar EA
J Pediatr Orthop 1987 May-Jun;7(3):268-76. doi: 10.1097/01241398-198705000-00005. PMID: 3584441
Thigh adductor transfer for spastic cerebral palsy.
Couch WH Jr, DeRosa GP, Throop FB
Dev Med Child Neurol 1977 Jun;19(3):343-9. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1977.tb08370.x. PMID: 885302

Clinical prediction guides

Acute Effects of Static and Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching of the Plantar Flexors on Ankle Range of Motion and Muscle-Tendon Behavior in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy-A Randomized Clinical Trial.
Kruse A, Habersack A, Jaspers RT, Schrapf N, Weide G, Svehlik M, Tilp M
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Sep 15;19(18) doi: 10.3390/ijerph191811599. PMID: 36141875Free PMC Article
Effect of position on gross motor function and spasticity in spastic cerebral palsy children.
Rauf W, Sarmad S, Khan I, Jawad M
J Pak Med Assoc 2021 Mar;71(3):801-805. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.1213. PMID: 34057924
Randomised trial of virtual reality gaming and physiotherapy on balance, gross motor performance and daily functions among children with bilateral spastic cerebral palsy.
Jha KK, Karunanithi GB, Sahana A, Karthikbabu S
Somatosens Mot Res 2021 Jun;38(2):117-126. Epub 2021 Mar 3 doi: 10.1080/08990220.2021.1876016. PMID: 33655813
Pediatric aquatic therapy on motor function and enjoyment in children diagnosed with cerebral palsy of various motor severities.
Lai CJ, Liu WY, Yang TF, Chen CL, Wu CY, Chan RC
J Child Neurol 2015 Feb;30(2):200-8. Epub 2014 Jun 5 doi: 10.1177/0883073814535491. PMID: 24907137
Effects of hippotherapy on gross motor function and functional performance of children with cerebral palsy.
Park ES, Rha DW, Shin JS, Kim S, Jung S
Yonsei Med J 2014 Nov;55(6):1736-42. doi: 10.3349/ymj.2014.55.6.1736. PMID: 25323914Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Effects of Nonimmersive Virtual Reality Intervention on Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review.
Wang N, Liu N, Liu S, Gao Y
Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2023 Dec 1;102(12):1130-1138. Epub 2023 Aug 3 doi: 10.1097/PHM.0000000000002321. PMID: 37535642
The Impact of Functional Strength Training on Muscle Strength and Mobility in Children with Spastic Cerebral Palsy - A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Shilesh K, Karthikbabu S, Rao PT
Dev Neurorehabil 2023 May;26(4):262-277. Epub 2023 May 30 doi: 10.1080/17518423.2023.2218905. PMID: 37254274
Efficacy of conservative treatment for spastic cerebral palsy children with equinus gait: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Klaewkasikum K, Patathong T, Woratanarat P, Woratanarat T, Thadanipon K, Rattanasiri S, Thakkinstian A
J Orthop Surg Res 2022 Sep 8;17(1):411. doi: 10.1186/s13018-022-03301-3. PMID: 36076293Free PMC Article
Effect of muscle strength training in children and adolescents with spastic cerebral palsy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Merino-Andrés J, García de Mateos-López A, Damiano DL, Sánchez-Sierra A
Clin Rehabil 2022 Jan;36(1):4-14. Epub 2021 Aug 18 doi: 10.1177/02692155211040199. PMID: 34407619Free PMC Article
Motor Cortex Plasticity in Children With Spastic Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review.
de Almeida Carvalho Duarte N, Collange Grecco LA, Zanon N, Galli M, Fregni F, Santos Oliveira C
J Mot Behav 2017 Jul-Aug;49(4):355-364. Epub 2016 Oct 18 doi: 10.1080/00222895.2016.1219310. PMID: 27754798

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