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Germinoma

MedGen UID:
64626
•Concept ID:
C0206660
•
Neoplastic Process
Synonym: Germinoma (disease)
SNOMED CT: Germinoma (28307001)
 
HPO: HP:0100620
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0002598

Definition

A type of undifferentiated germ cell tumor that may be benign or malignant. [from HPO]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

EANO, SNO and Euracan consensus review on the current management and future development of intracranial germ cell tumors in adolescents and young adults.
Frappaz D, Dhall G, Murray MJ, Goldman S, Faure Conter C, Allen J, Kortmann RD, Haas-Kogen D, Morana G, Finlay J, Nicholson JC, Bartels U, Souweidane M, Schönberger S, Vasiljevic A, Robertson P, Albanese A, Alapetite C, Czech T, Lau CC, Wen P, Schiff D, Shaw D, Calaminus G, Bouffet E
Neuro Oncol 2022 Apr 1;24(4):516-527. doi: 10.1093/neuonc/noab252. PMID: 34724065Free PMC Article
Current Management of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumours.
Bowzyk Al-Naeeb A, Murray M, Horan G, Harris F, Kortmann RD, Nicholson J, Ajithkumar T
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018 Apr;30(4):204-214. Epub 2018 Feb 14 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.009. PMID: 29454505
Diabetes insipidus--diagnosis and management.
Di Iorgi N, Napoli F, Allegri AE, Olivieri I, Bertelli E, Gallizia A, Rossi A, Maghnie M
Horm Res Paediatr 2012;77(2):69-84. Epub 2012 Mar 16 doi: 10.1159/000336333. PMID: 22433947

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Re-irradiation for Paediatric Tumours.
Tsang DS, Laperriere NJ
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019 Mar;31(3):191-198. Epub 2018 Oct 29 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.10.003. PMID: 30385005
Current Management of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumours.
Bowzyk Al-Naeeb A, Murray M, Horan G, Harris F, Kortmann RD, Nicholson J, Ajithkumar T
Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2018 Apr;30(4):204-214. Epub 2018 Feb 14 doi: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.01.009. PMID: 29454505
Genetic predisposition to testicular germ-cell tumours.
Lutke Holzik MF, Rapley EA, Hoekstra HJ, Sleijfer DT, Nolte IM, Sijmons RH
Lancet Oncol 2004 Jun;5(6):363-71. doi: 10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01493-7. PMID: 15172357
Extragonadal germ cell tumors.
Schmoll HJ
Ann Oncol 2002;13 Suppl 4:265-72. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdf669. PMID: 12401700
Pediatric germ cell tumors.
Rescorla FJ, Breitfeld PP
Curr Probl Cancer 1999 Nov-Dec;23(6):257-303. doi: 10.1016/s0147-0272(99)90009-0. PMID: 10614561

Diagnosis

Pupillary Light-Near Dissociation.
La Corte E, Martinoni M
N Engl J Med 2021 Dec 23;385(26):e94. doi: 10.1056/NEJMicm2031597. PMID: 34936742
Management of CNS germinoma.
Osorio DS, Allen JC
CNS Oncol 2015;4(4):273-9. Epub 2015 Jun 29 doi: 10.2217/cns.15.13. PMID: 26118663Free PMC Article
Rare sellar lesions.
Glezer A, Paraiba DB, Bronstein MD
Endocrinol Metab Clin North Am 2008 Mar;37(1):195-211, x. doi: 10.1016/j.ecl.2007.10.003. PMID: 18226737
Neonatal liver tumours.
von Schweinitz D
Semin Neonatol 2003 Oct;8(5):403-10. doi: 10.1016/S1084-2756(03)00092-7. PMID: 15001128
Testicular cancer.
Brock D, Fox S, Gosling G, Haney L, Kneebone P, Nagy C, Qualitza B
Semin Oncol Nurs 1993 Nov;9(4):224-36. doi: 10.1016/s0749-2081(05)80051-8. PMID: 8290818

Therapy

Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
Kremenevski N, Buchfelder M, Hore N
Curr Oncol Rep 2023 Jul;25(7):765-775. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01416-2. PMID: 37036624Free PMC Article
Oral etoposide in germ cell tumours.
Saxman S
Drugs 1999;58 Suppl 3:31-4. doi: 10.2165/00003495-199958003-00005. PMID: 10711839
Management of non-epithelial ovarian tumours.
Bridgewater JA, Rustin GJ
Oncology 1999;57(2):89-98. doi: 10.1159/000012014. PMID: 10461054
Integration of surgery and systemic therapy: results and principles of integration.
Donohue JP, Leviovitch I, Foster RS, Baniel J, Tognoni P
Semin Urol Oncol 1998 May;16(2):65-71. PMID: 9649229
Long-term follow-up of a phase III study of three versus four cycles of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatin in favorable-prognosis germ-cell tumors: the Indian University experience.
Saxman SB, Finch D, Gonin R, Einhorn LH
J Clin Oncol 1998 Feb;16(2):702-6. doi: 10.1200/JCO.1998.16.2.702. PMID: 9469360

Prognosis

Intracranial Germinomas: Diagnosis, Pathogenesis, Clinical Presentation, and Management.
Kremenevski N, Buchfelder M, Hore N
Curr Oncol Rep 2023 Jul;25(7):765-775. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.1007/s11912-023-01416-2. PMID: 37036624Free PMC Article
Late relapse of testicular cancer.
Lipphardt ME, Albers P
World J Urol 2004 Apr;22(1):47-54. Epub 2004 Apr 3 doi: 10.1007/s00345-004-0397-9. PMID: 15064970
Extragonadal germ cell tumors.
Schmoll HJ
Ann Oncol 2002;13 Suppl 4:265-72. doi: 10.1093/annonc/mdf669. PMID: 12401700
Integration of surgery and systemic therapy: results and principles of integration.
Donohue JP, Leviovitch I, Foster RS, Baniel J, Tognoni P
Semin Urol Oncol 1998 May;16(2):65-71. PMID: 9649229
Salvage chemotherapy for recurrent germ cell cancer.
Nichols CR, Roth BJ, Loehrer PJ, Williams SD, Einhorn LH
Semin Oncol 1994 Oct;21(5 Suppl 12):102-8. PMID: 7992061

Clinical prediction guides

Central Nervous System Germinomas Express Programmed Death Ligand 1.
Wildeman ME, Shepard MJ, Oldfield EH, Lopes MBS
J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 2018 Apr 1;77(4):312-316. doi: 10.1093/jnen/nly008. PMID: 29415126
From the archives of the AFIP: tumors and tumorlike lesions of the testis: radiologic-pathologic correlation.
Woodward PJ, Sohaey R, O'Donoghue MJ, Green DE
Radiographics 2002 Jan-Feb;22(1):189-216. doi: 10.1148/radiographics.22.1.g02ja14189. PMID: 11796908
Fertility after chemotherapy for testicular germ cell cancer.
Pont J, Albrecht W
Fertil Steril 1997 Jul;68(1):1-5. doi: 10.1016/s0015-0282(97)81465-3. PMID: 9207575
MRI of intracranial germ cell tumours.
Sumida M, Uozumi T, Kiya K, Mukada K, Arita K, Kurisu K, Sugiyama K, Onda J, Satoh H, Ikawa F
Neuroradiology 1995 Jan;37(1):32-7. doi: 10.1007/BF00588516. PMID: 7708186
Suprasellar germinoma.
Takeuchi J, Handa H, Nagata I
J Neurosurg 1978 Jul;49(1):41-8. doi: 10.3171/jns.1978.49.1.0041. PMID: 660267

Recent systematic reviews

Optimal treatment approach for intracranial germinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Zhou Z, Liu J, Yue Q, Chen L, Zhang X, Lin X, Zheng L, Wang E, Wang Y, Mao Y
BMC Cancer 2025 Jan 7;25(1):26. doi: 10.1186/s12885-024-13323-1. PMID: 39773126Free PMC Article
A systematic review of shunt-related extraneural metastases of primary central nervous system tumors.
Xu K, Khine KT, Ooi YC, Quinsey CS
Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2018 Nov;174:239-243. Epub 2018 Sep 27 doi: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2018.09.038. PMID: 30292900
Proton Therapy in Children: A Systematic Review of Clinical Effectiveness in 15 Pediatric Cancers.
Leroy R, Benahmed N, Hulstaert F, Van Damme N, De Ruysscher D
Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2016 May 1;95(1):267-278. Epub 2015 Oct 17 doi: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.10.025. PMID: 27084646
Treatment of testicular germ-cell cancer: a cochrane evidence-based systematic review.
Shelley MD, Burgon K, Mason MD
Cancer Treat Rev 2002 Oct;28(5):237-53. doi: 10.1016/s0305-7372(02)00059-2. PMID: 12435371
A systematic review of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme 1 and germ cell tumors.
von Eyben FE
Clin Biochem 2001 Sep;34(6):441-54. doi: 10.1016/s0009-9120(01)00236-3. PMID: 11676973

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