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Encephalitis

MedGen UID:
4027
Concept ID:
C0014038
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Brain Inflammation; Brain Inflammations; Inflammation, Brain
SNOMED CT: Encephalitis (45170000)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0019956
Orphanet: ORPHA97275

Definition

An inflammatory process affecting the brain parenchyma. Causes include viral infections and less frequently bacterial infections, toxins, and immune-mediated processes. [from NCI]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Dalmau J, Graus F
Lancet Neurol 2023 Jun;22(6):529-540. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(23)00083-2. PMID: 37210100
Banwell B, Bennett JL, Marignier R, Kim HJ, Brilot F, Flanagan EP, Ramanathan S, Waters P, Tenembaum S, Graves JS, Chitnis T, Brandt AU, Hemingway C, Neuteboom R, Pandit L, Reindl M, Saiz A, Sato DK, Rostasy K, Paul F, Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J
Lancet Neurol 2023 Mar;22(3):268-282. Epub 2023 Jan 24 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(22)00431-8. PMID: 36706773
Uy CE, Binks S, Irani SR
Pract Neurol 2021 Oct;21(5):412-423. Epub 2021 Jun 9 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002567. PMID: 34108243Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Bloch KC, Glaser C, Gaston D, Venkatesan A
Clin Infect Dis 2023 Sep 11;77(5):e14-e33. doi: 10.1093/cid/ciad306. PMID: 37485952
Hills SL, Netravathi M, Solomon T
Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023 May 3;108(5):860-864. Epub 2023 Apr 10 doi: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0036. PMID: 37037440Free PMC Article
Richie MB
Neurol Clin 2022 Feb;40(1):93-112. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.08.007. PMID: 34798977
Uy CE, Binks S, Irani SR
Pract Neurol 2021 Oct;21(5):412-423. Epub 2021 Jun 9 doi: 10.1136/practneurol-2020-002567. PMID: 34108243Free PMC Article
Nissen MS, Ryding M, Meyer M, Blaabjerg M
CNS Neurol Disord Drug Targets 2020;19(8):584-598. doi: 10.2174/1871527319666200708133103. PMID: 32640967

Diagnosis

Piantadosi A, Solomon IH
Infect Dis Clin North Am 2022 Sep;36(3):671-688. doi: 10.1016/j.idc.2022.03.003. PMID: 36116842Free PMC Article
Richie MB
Neurol Clin 2022 Feb;40(1):93-112. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.08.007. PMID: 34798977
Bystritsky RJ, Chow FC
Neurol Clin 2022 Feb;40(1):77-91. doi: 10.1016/j.ncl.2021.08.006. PMID: 34798976
Costa BKD, Sato DK
J Pediatr (Rio J) 2020 Mar-Apr;96 Suppl 1(Suppl 1):12-19. Epub 2019 Sep 9 doi: 10.1016/j.jped.2019.07.006. PMID: 31513761Free PMC Article
Ellul M, Solomon T
Clin Med (Lond) 2018 Mar;18(2):155-159. doi: 10.7861/clinmedicine.18-2-155. PMID: 29626021Free PMC Article

Therapy

Pittock SJ, Fujihara K, Palace J, Berthele A, Kim HJ, Oreja-Guevara C, Nakashima I, Levy M, Shang S, Yountz M, Miller L, Armstrong R, Wingerchuk DM; PREVENT Study Group
Mult Scler 2022 Mar;28(3):480-486. Epub 2021 Sep 9 doi: 10.1177/13524585211038291. PMID: 34498507Free PMC Article
Yang J, Liu X
Front Immunol 2021;12:790962. Epub 2021 Dec 16 doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.790962. PMID: 34975890Free PMC Article
Dalmau J, Lancaster E, Martinez-Hernandez E, Rosenfeld MR, Balice-Gordon R
Lancet Neurol 2011 Jan;10(1):63-74. doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(10)70253-2. PMID: 21163445Free PMC Article
Kennedy PG
Lancet Neurol 2004 Jan;3(1):13. doi: 10.1016/s1474-4422(03)00613-6. PMID: 14693102
Gnann JW Jr, Barton NH, Whitley RJ
Pharmacotherapy 1983 Sep-Oct;3(5):275-83. doi: 10.1002/j.1875-9114.1983.tb03274.x. PMID: 6359082

Prognosis

Ladani AP, Loganathan M, Kolikonda MK, Lippmann S
South Med J 2021 Dec;114(12):751-759. doi: 10.14423/SMJ.0000000000001337. PMID: 34853850Free PMC Article
GBD 2016 Neurology Collaborators
Lancet Neurol 2019 May;18(5):459-480. Epub 2019 Mar 14 doi: 10.1016/S1474-4422(18)30499-X. PMID: 30879893Free PMC Article
Lindquist L
J Travel Med 2018 May 1;25(suppl_1):S3-S9. doi: 10.1093/jtm/tay006. PMID: 29718434
van Sonderen A, Thijs RD, Coenders EC, Jiskoot LC, Sanchez E, de Bruijn MA, van Coevorden-Hameete MH, Wirtz PW, Schreurs MW, Sillevis Smitt PA, Titulaer MJ
Neurology 2016 Oct 4;87(14):1449-1456. Epub 2016 Sep 2 doi: 10.1212/WNL.0000000000003173. PMID: 27590293
Co SJ, Mackenzie IR, Shewchuk JR
Radiographics 2015 Jan-Feb;35(1):235-8. doi: 10.1148/rg.351140035. PMID: 25590400

Clinical prediction guides

Lee WJ, Lee HS, Kim DY, Lee HS, Moon J, Park KI, Lee SK, Chu K, Lee ST
Brain 2022 Oct 21;145(10):3509-3521. doi: 10.1093/brain/awac166. PMID: 35512357
Gillinder L, Britton J
Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2022 Apr 1;28(2):363-398. doi: 10.1212/CON.0000000000001079. PMID: 35393963
Thaler FS, Zimmermann L, Kammermeier S, Strippel C, Ringelstein M, Kraft A, Sühs KW, Wickel J, Geis C, Markewitz R, Urbanek C, Sommer C, Doppler K, Penner L, Lewerenz J, Rößling R, Finke C, Prüss H, Melzer N, Wandinger KP, Leypoldt F, Kümpfel T; German Network for Research on Autoimmune Encephalitis (GENERATE)
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm 2021 Nov;8(6) Epub 2021 Oct 1 doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000001088. PMID: 34599001Free PMC Article
Nepal G, Shing YK, Yadav JK, Rehrig JH, Ojha R, Huang DY, Gajurel BP
Acta Neurol Scand 2020 Nov;142(5):449-459. Epub 2020 Jun 16 doi: 10.1111/ane.13291. PMID: 32484900
Rubin S, Eckhaus M, Rennick LJ, Bamford CG, Duprex WP
J Pathol 2015 Jan;235(2):242-52. doi: 10.1002/path.4445. PMID: 25229387Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Nabizadeh F, Balabandian M, Sodeifian F, Rezaei N, Rostami MR, Naser Moghadasi A
Mult Scler Relat Disord 2022 Jun;62:103795. Epub 2022 Apr 6 doi: 10.1016/j.msard.2022.103795. PMID: 35472834Free PMC Article
Velasco R, Villagrán M, Jové M, Simó M, Vilariño N, Alemany M, Palmero R, Martínez-Villacampa MM, Nadal E, Bruna J
JAMA Neurol 2021 Jul 1;78(7):864-873. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.0249. PMID: 33720308
GBD 2017 US Neurological Disorders Collaborators, Feigin VL, Vos T, Alahdab F, Amit AML, Bärnighausen TW, Beghi E, Beheshti M, Chavan PP, Criqui MH, Desai R, Dhamminda Dharmaratne S, Dorsey ER, Wilder Eagan A, Elgendy IY, Filip I, Giampaoli S, Giussani G, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hole MK, Ikeda T, Owens Johnson C, Kalani R, Khatab K, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Koroshetz WJ, Krishnamoorthy V, Krishnamurthi RV, Liu X, Lo WD, Logroscino G, Mensah GA, Miller TR, Mohammed S, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Morrison SD, Shivamurthy VKN, Naghavi M, Nichols E, Norrving B, Odell CM, Pupillo E, Radfar A, Roth GA, Shafieesabet A, Sheikh A, Sheikhbahaei S, Shin JI, Singh JA, Steiner TJ, Stovner LJ, Wallin MT, Weiss J, Wu C, Zunt JR, Adelson JD, Murray CJL
JAMA Neurol 2021 Feb 1;78(2):165-176. doi: 10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.4152. PMID: 33136137Free PMC Article
Tansarli GS, Chapin KC
Clin Microbiol Infect 2020 Mar;26(3):281-290. Epub 2019 Nov 21 doi: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.11.016. PMID: 31760115
Bovo R, Ciorba A, Martini A
Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2010 Jan;267(1):13-9. Epub 2009 Oct 16 doi: 10.1007/s00405-009-1122-5. PMID: 19834724

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