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Sickle cell trait

MedGen UID:
20750
•Concept ID:
C0037054
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Cell Trait, Sickle; Cell Traits, Sickle; Sickle Cell Trait; Sickle Cell Traits; Trait, Sickle Cell; Traits, Sickle Cell
SNOMED CT: AS - Sickle cell trait (16402000); Heterozygous for Hb S (16402000); Drepanocytosis (16402000); RBC's - sickle cells present (16402000); Sickle cells present (16402000); Sickle cell trait (16402000); Hemoglobin S-A disorder (16402000); Hemoglobin A-S genotype (16402000); Hemoglobin S trait (16402000); Heterozygous hemoglobin S (16402000)

Definition

An individual who is heterozygous for the mutation that causes sickle cell anemia. [from NCI]

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVSickle cell trait

Professional guidelines

PubMed

New developments in existing WHO entities and evolving molecular concepts: The Genitourinary Pathology Society (GUPS) update on renal neoplasia.
Trpkov K, Hes O, Williamson SR, Adeniran AJ, Agaimy A, Alaghehbandan R, Amin MB, Argani P, Chen YB, Cheng L, Epstein JI, Cheville JC, Comperat E, da Cunha IW, Gordetsky JB, Gupta S, He H, Hirsch MS, Humphrey PA, Kapur P, Kojima F, Lopez JI, Maclean F, Magi-Galluzzi C, McKenney JK, Mehra R, Menon S, Netto GJ, Przybycin CG, Rao P, Rao Q, Reuter VE, Saleeb RM, Shah RB, Smith SC, Tickoo S, Tretiakova MS, True L, Verkarre V, Wobker SE, Zhou M, Gill AJ
Mod Pathol 2021 Jul;34(7):1392-1424. Epub 2021 Mar 4 doi: 10.1038/s41379-021-00779-w. PMID: 33664427
Effect of Sickle Cell Trait and APOL1 Genotype on the Association of Soluble uPAR with Kidney Function Measures in Black Americans.
Reiner AP, Raffield LM, Franceschini N, Auer PL, Lange EM, Nickerson DA, Zakai NA, Correa A, Olson N; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Consortium; Natinal Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine Consortium
Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2021 Feb 8;16(2):287-289. Epub 2020 Dec 2 doi: 10.2215/CJN.12100720. PMID: 33268503Free PMC Article
Screening and genetic counseling programs for sickle cell trait and sickle cell anemia.
Francis YF
J Am Med Womens Assoc (1972) 1974 Sep;29(9):406-10. PMID: 4370353

Curated

American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carrier Screening ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Carrier/Trait, 2023

ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023

ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023

ACMG Algorithm, FAS: Sickle Cell Trait Screening Result, 2023

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Stays in the News.
Eichner ER
Curr Sports Med Rep 2016 Nov/Dec;15(6):378-379. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000311. PMID: 27841805
Sickle solubility test to screen for sickle cell trait: what's the harm?
Tubman VN, Field JJ
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2015;2015:433-5. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.433. PMID: 26637754
Sickle cell trait is a risk factor for early stroke.
Golomb MR
Arch Neurol 2005 Nov;62(11):1778-1779. doi: 10.1001/archneur.62.11.1778. PMID: 16286556
Exercise and hemoglobin S.
Kark JA, Ward FT
Semin Hematol 1994 Jul;31(3):181-225. PMID: 7973777
Sickle-cell anemia. Anesthesiological considerations.
Nolte JA, Kleine JW
Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 1976;27(4):237-46. PMID: 800923

Diagnosis

Sickle-cell trait and diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
Skinner S, Pialoux V, Fromy B, Sigaudo-Roussel D, Connes P
Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2018 Nov;6(11):840-843. Epub 2018 Feb 17 doi: 10.1016/S2213-8587(18)30033-0. PMID: 29459113
Sickle cell trait diagnosis: clinical and social implications.
Naik RP, Haywood C Jr
Hematology Am Soc Hematol Educ Program 2015;2015(1):160-7. doi: 10.1182/asheducation-2015.1.160. PMID: 26637716Free PMC Article
Sickle cell disease.
Driscoll MC
Pediatr Rev 2007 Jul;28(7):259-68. doi: 10.1542/pir.28-7-259. PMID: 17601938
Sickle-cell anemia.
Kneut C
Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs 1980 Dec;4(5-6):19-27. doi: 10.3109/01460868009009786. PMID: 6909203
Sickle cell trait.
McCurdy PR
Am Fam Physician 1974 Nov;10(5):141-6. PMID: 4421745

Therapy

The effect of malaria on stunting: an instrumental variables approach.
Ateba FF, Doumbia S, Ter Kuile FO, Terlouw DJ, Lefebvre G, Kariuki S, Small DS
Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2021 Sep 3;115(9):1094-1098. doi: 10.1093/trstmh/traa183. PMID: 33493346Free PMC Article
Observations on Iron, Anemia, and Sickle Cell Trait.
Eichner ER
Curr Sports Med Rep 2017 Jan/Feb;16(1):2-3. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000328. PMID: 28067730
Sickle cell disease.
Driscoll MC
Pediatr Rev 2007 Jul;28(7):259-68. doi: 10.1542/pir.28-7-259. PMID: 17601938
Sickle cell anemia and related hemoglobinopathies.
Vichinsky EP, Lubin BH
Pediatr Clin North Am 1980 May;27(2):429-47. doi: 10.1016/s0031-3955(16)33860-3. PMID: 6155657
Sickle cell trait.
McCurdy PR
Am Fam Physician 1974 Nov;10(5):141-6. PMID: 4421745

Prognosis

Plasmodium falciparum.
Maier AG, Matuschewski K, Zhang M, Rug M
Trends Parasitol 2019 Jun;35(6):481-482. Epub 2018 Dec 27 doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.11.010. PMID: 30595467
Fat Emboli Syndrome.
Misra I, Glasgow J, Moosavy F
Del Med J 2017 May;89(5):148-150. PMID: 29894029
Exertional Rhabdomyolysis Stays in the News.
Eichner ER
Curr Sports Med Rep 2016 Nov/Dec;15(6):378-379. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000311. PMID: 27841805
Sickle cell disease.
Driscoll MC
Pediatr Rev 2007 Jul;28(7):259-68. doi: 10.1542/pir.28-7-259. PMID: 17601938
Sickle-cell anemia. Anesthesiological considerations.
Nolte JA, Kleine JW
Acta Anaesthesiol Belg 1976;27(4):237-46. PMID: 800923

Clinical prediction guides

Individuals with sickle cell disease and sickle cell trait demonstrate no increase in mortality or critical illness from COVID-19 - a fifteen hospital observational study in the Bronx, New York.
Hoogenboom WS, Fleysher R, Soby S, Mirhaji P, Mitchell WB, Morrone KA, Manwani D, Duong TQ
Haematologica 2021 Nov 1;106(11):3014-3016. doi: 10.3324/haematol.2021.279222. PMID: 34348452Free PMC Article
Malaria is a cause of iron deficiency in African children.
Muriuki JM, Mentzer AJ, Mitchell R, Webb EL, Etyang AO, Kyobutungi C, Morovat A, Kimita W, Ndungu FM, Macharia AW, Ngetsa CJ, Makale J, Lule SA, Musani SK, Raffield LM, Cutland CL, Sirima SB, Diarra A, Tiono AB, Fried M, Gwamaka M, Adu-Afarwuah S, Wirth JP, Wegmüller R, Madhi SA, Snow RW, Hill AVS, Rockett KA, Sandhu MS, Kwiatkowski DP, Prentice AM, Byrd KA, Ndjebayi A, Stewart CP, Engle-Stone R, Green TJ, Karakochuk CD, Suchdev PS, Bejon P, Duffy PE, Davey Smith G, Elliott AM, Williams TN, Atkinson SH
Nat Med 2021 Apr;27(4):653-658. Epub 2021 Feb 22 doi: 10.1038/s41591-021-01238-4. PMID: 33619371Free PMC Article
Renal Medullary Carcinoma.
Elliott A, Bruner E
Arch Pathol Lab Med 2019 Dec;143(12):1556-1561. Epub 2019 Mar 11 doi: 10.5858/arpa.2017-0492-RS. PMID: 30855171
Observations on Iron, Anemia, and Sickle Cell Trait.
Eichner ER
Curr Sports Med Rep 2017 Jan/Feb;16(1):2-3. doi: 10.1249/JSR.0000000000000328. PMID: 28067730
Biochemical and immunological mechanisms by which sickle cell trait protects against malaria.
Gong L, Parikh S, Rosenthal PJ, Greenhouse B
Malar J 2013 Sep 11;12:317. doi: 10.1186/1475-2875-12-317. PMID: 24025776Free PMC Article

Recent systematic reviews

Medical interventions for traumatic hyphema.
Woreta FA, Lindsley KB, Gharaibeh A, Ng SM, Scherer RW, Goldberg MF
Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2023 Mar 13;3(3):CD005431. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD005431.pub5. PMID: 36912744Free PMC Article
Sickle cell disease in gulf cooperation council countries: a systematic review.
Abu-Shaheen A, Dahan D, Henaa H, Nofal A, Abdelmoety DA, Riaz M, AlSheef M, Almatary A, AlFayyad I
Expert Rev Hematol 2022 Oct;15(10):893-909. Epub 2022 Oct 18 doi: 10.1080/17474086.2022.2132225. PMID: 36217841
Clinical Outcomes Associated With Sickle Cell Trait: A Systematic Review.
Naik RP, Smith-Whitley K, Hassell KL, Umeh NI, de Montalembert M, Sahota P, Haywood C Jr, Jenkins J, Lloyd-Puryear MA, Joiner CH, Bonham VL, Kato GJ
Ann Intern Med 2018 Nov 6;169(9):619-627. Epub 2018 Oct 30 doi: 10.7326/M18-1161. PMID: 30383109Free PMC Article
Renal medullary carcinoma and sickle cell trait: A systematic review.
Alvarez O, Rodriguez MM, Jordan L, Sarnaik S
Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015 Oct;62(10):1694-9. Epub 2015 Jun 5 doi: 10.1002/pbc.25592. PMID: 26053587
The interaction between sickle cell disease and HIV infection: a systematic review.
Owusu ED, Visser BJ, Nagel IM, Mens PF, Grobusch MP
Clin Infect Dis 2015 Feb 15;60(4):612-26. Epub 2014 Oct 23 doi: 10.1093/cid/ciu832. PMID: 25344542

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    Clinical resources

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      See practice and clinical guidelines in NCBI Bookshelf. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Curated

    • ACMG ACT, 2023
      American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics, Carrier Screening ACT Sheet, Sickle Cell Carrier/Trait, 2023
    • ACMG ACT, 2023
      ACMG ACT, Hemoglobin S/Beta Plus Thalassemia , 2023
    • ACMG Algorithm, 2023
      ACMG Algorithm, FSA: Hemoglobin HbS/B+ Screening Result, 2023
    • ACMG Algorithm, 2023
      ACMG Algorithm, FAS: Sickle Cell Trait Screening Result, 2023

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

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