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Myopia 6(MYP6)

MedGen UID:
324696
Concept ID:
C1837148
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: Myopia, susceptibility to; MYP6
 
Gene (location): SCO2 (22q13.33)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0012154
OMIM®: 608908

Definition

Myopia, or nearsightedness, is a refractive error of the eye. Light rays from a distant object are focused in front of the retina and those from a near object are focused in the retina; therefore distant objects are blurry and near objects are clear (summary by Kaiser et al., 2004). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of susceptibility to myopia, see 160700. [from OMIM]

Clinical features

From HPO
Congestive heart failure
MedGen UID:
9169
Concept ID:
C0018802
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormality of cardiac function that is responsible for the failure of the heart to pump blood at a rate that is commensurate with the needs of the tissues or a state in which abnormally elevated filling pressures are required for the heart to do so. Heart failure is frequently related to a defect in myocardial contraction.
Failure to thrive
MedGen UID:
746019
Concept ID:
C2315100
Disease or Syndrome
Failure to thrive (FTT) refers to a child whose physical growth is substantially below the norm.
Hearing impairment
MedGen UID:
235586
Concept ID:
C1384666
Disease or Syndrome
A decreased magnitude of the sensory perception of sound.
Cerebellar ataxia
MedGen UID:
849
Concept ID:
C0007758
Disease or Syndrome
Cerebellar ataxia refers to ataxia due to dysfunction of the cerebellum. This causes a variety of elementary neurological deficits including asynergy (lack of coordination between muscles, limbs and joints), dysmetria (lack of ability to judge distances that can lead to under- or overshoot in grasping movements), and dysdiadochokinesia (inability to perform rapid movements requiring antagonizing muscle groups to be switched on and off repeatedly).
Seizure
MedGen UID:
20693
Concept ID:
C0036572
Sign or Symptom
A seizure is an intermittent abnormality of nervous system physiology characterized by a transient occurrence of signs and/or symptoms due to abnormal excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain.
Motor delay
MedGen UID:
381392
Concept ID:
C1854301
Finding
A type of Developmental delay characterized by a delay in acquiring motor skills.
Intellectual disability
MedGen UID:
811461
Concept ID:
C3714756
Mental or Behavioral Dysfunction
Intellectual disability, previously referred to as mental retardation, is characterized by subnormal intellectual functioning that occurs during the developmental period. It is defined by an IQ score below 70.
Hypotonia
MedGen UID:
10133
Concept ID:
C0026827
Finding
Hypotonia is an abnormally low muscle tone (the amount of tension or resistance to movement in a muscle). Even when relaxed, muscles have a continuous and passive partial contraction which provides some resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia thus manifests as diminished resistance to passive stretching. Hypotonia is not the same as muscle weakness, although the two conditions can co-exist.
Muscle weakness
MedGen UID:
57735
Concept ID:
C0151786
Finding
Reduced strength of muscles.
Muscular atrophy
MedGen UID:
892680
Concept ID:
C0541794
Pathologic Function
The presence of skeletal muscular atrophy (which is also known as amyotrophy).
Respiratory failure
MedGen UID:
257837
Concept ID:
C1145670
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of respiratory insufficiency characterized by inadequate gas exchange such that the levels of oxygen or carbon dioxide cannot be maintained within normal limits.
Reduced visual acuity
MedGen UID:
65889
Concept ID:
C0234632
Finding
Diminished clarity of vision.
High myopia
MedGen UID:
78759
Concept ID:
C0271183
Disease or Syndrome
A severe form of myopia with greater than -6.00 diopters.
Increased axial length of the globe
MedGen UID:
320525
Concept ID:
C1835117
Finding
Abnormal largeness of the eye with an axial length > 2.5 standard deviations from population mean.
Abnormal fundus morphology
MedGen UID:
871316
Concept ID:
C4025804
Anatomical Abnormality
Any structural abnormality of the fundus of the eye.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Tomioka M, Murakami T, Okamoto F, Kinoshita T, Shinomiya K, Nishi T, Jujo T, Obata S, Tsukitome H, Ogura S, Ueda K, Ishii R, Oshika T
Retina 2024 Apr 1;44(4):652-658. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000004016. PMID: 38064668
Moussa G, Samia-Aly E, Ch'ng SW, Lett KS, Mitra A, Tyagi AK, Sharma A, Andreatta W
Eye (Lond) 2022 May;36(5):1080-1085. Epub 2021 May 25 doi: 10.1038/s41433-021-01581-3. PMID: 34035492Free PMC Article
Reeves MG, Pershing S, Afshar AR
Am J Ophthalmol 2018 Dec;196:82-90. Epub 2018 Aug 23 doi: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.08.024. PMID: 30144442

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Chen CW, Yao JY
Indian J Ophthalmol 2024 Nov 1;72(Suppl 5):S721-S727. Epub 2024 Aug 14 doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1909_23. PMID: 39141497Free PMC Article
Shah R, Vlasak N, Evans BJW
Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024 Sep;44(6):1248-1260. Epub 2024 Jul 31 doi: 10.1111/opo.13366. PMID: 39082137
Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023 May 1;64(6):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3. PMID: 37126360Free PMC Article
Iwahashi C, Kurihara T, Kuniyoshi K, Kusaka S
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jan 26;24(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms24032416. PMID: 36768776Free PMC Article
Wu PC, Huang HM, Yu HJ, Fang PC, Chen CT
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016 Nov/Dec;5(6):386-393. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000236. PMID: 27898441

Diagnosis

Huh MG, Shin YI, Jeong Y, Kim YK, Park KH, Jeoung JW
J Glaucoma 2024 Jun 1;33(6):409-416. Epub 2024 Mar 4 doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002373. PMID: 38506760
Bikbov MM, Kazakbaeva GM, Fakhretdinova AA, Tuliakova AM, Iakupova EM, Panda-Jonas S, Gilemzianova LI, Garipova LA, Khakimov DA, Islamova LI, Jonas JB
Br J Ophthalmol 2024 Mar 20;108(4):593-598. doi: 10.1136/bjo-2022-322945. PMID: 37019624
Flitcroft I, Ainsworth J, Chia A, Cotter S, Harb E, Jin ZB, Klaver CCW, Moore AT, Nischal KK, Ohno-Matsui K, Paysse EA, Repka MX, Smirnova IY, Snead M, Verhoeven VJM, Verkicharla PK
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2023 May 1;64(6):3. doi: 10.1167/iovs.64.6.3. PMID: 37126360Free PMC Article
Nguyen HTT, Hoang TT, Pham CM, Nguyen TM, Dang TM, Fricke TR
Clin Exp Optom 2023 May;106(4):427-430. Epub 2022 Feb 20 doi: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2039555. PMID: 35188078
Hollands H, Johnson D, Hollands S, Simel DL, Jinapriya D, Sharma S
JAMA 2013 May 15;309(19):2035-42. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.5099. PMID: 23677315

Therapy

Lee SS, Lingham G, Clark A, Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Mackey DA
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024 Aug 1;65(10):21. doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.21. PMID: 39136629Free PMC Article
Pakbin M, Khabazkhoob M, Pakravan M, Fotouhi A, Jafarzadehpour E, Aghamirsalim M, Seyedian MA, Hashemi H
J Cataract Refract Surg 2020 Apr;46(4):622-632. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000060. PMID: 32271298
Wu PC, Huang HM, Yu HJ, Fang PC, Chen CT
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016 Nov/Dec;5(6):386-393. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000236. PMID: 27898441
Gorovoy IR, Eller AW, Friberg TR, Coe R
Retina 2014 Apr;34(4):700-4. doi: 10.1097/IAE.0000000000000002. PMID: 24263467
Bernauer W, De Cock R, Dart JK
Eye (Lond) 1996;10 ( Pt 5):561-4. doi: 10.1038/eye.1996.130. PMID: 8977782

Prognosis

Chen CW, Yao JY
Indian J Ophthalmol 2024 Nov 1;72(Suppl 5):S721-S727. Epub 2024 Aug 14 doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1909_23. PMID: 39141497Free PMC Article
Lee SS, Lingham G, Clark A, Read SA, Alonso-Caneiro D, Mackey DA
Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024 Aug 1;65(10):21. doi: 10.1167/iovs.65.10.21. PMID: 39136629Free PMC Article
Huh MG, Shin YI, Jeong Y, Kim YK, Park KH, Jeoung JW
J Glaucoma 2024 Jun 1;33(6):409-416. Epub 2024 Mar 4 doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002373. PMID: 38506760
Iwahashi C, Kurihara T, Kuniyoshi K, Kusaka S
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jan 26;24(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms24032416. PMID: 36768776Free PMC Article
Wu PC, Huang HM, Yu HJ, Fang PC, Chen CT
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016 Nov/Dec;5(6):386-393. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000236. PMID: 27898441

Clinical prediction guides

Huh MG, Shin YI, Jeong Y, Kim YK, Park KH, Jeoung JW
J Glaucoma 2024 Jun 1;33(6):409-416. Epub 2024 Mar 4 doi: 10.1097/IJG.0000000000002373. PMID: 38506760
Iwahashi C, Kurihara T, Kuniyoshi K, Kusaka S
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Jan 26;24(3) doi: 10.3390/ijms24032416. PMID: 36768776Free PMC Article
Pakbin M, Khabazkhoob M, Pakravan M, Fotouhi A, Jafarzadehpour E, Aghamirsalim M, Seyedian MA, Hashemi H
J Cataract Refract Surg 2020 Apr;46(4):622-632. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000060. PMID: 32271298
Wu PC, Huang HM, Yu HJ, Fang PC, Chen CT
Asia Pac J Ophthalmol (Phila) 2016 Nov/Dec;5(6):386-393. doi: 10.1097/APO.0000000000000236. PMID: 27898441
McBrien NA
Exp Eye Res 2013 Sep;114:128-40. Epub 2013 Feb 8 doi: 10.1016/j.exer.2013.01.014. PMID: 23399866

Recent systematic reviews

Chen CW, Yao JY
Indian J Ophthalmol 2024 Nov 1;72(Suppl 5):S721-S727. Epub 2024 Aug 14 doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_1909_23. PMID: 39141497Free PMC Article
Pakbin M, Khabazkhoob M, Pakravan M, Fotouhi A, Jafarzadehpour E, Aghamirsalim M, Seyedian MA, Hashemi H
J Cataract Refract Surg 2020 Apr;46(4):622-632. doi: 10.1097/j.jcrs.0000000000000060. PMID: 32271298
Hollands H, Johnson D, Hollands S, Simel DL, Jinapriya D, Sharma S
JAMA 2013 May 15;309(19):2035-42. doi: 10.1001/jama.2013.5099. PMID: 23677315

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