U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Stuttering, familial persistent, 2(STUT2)

MedGen UID:
332218
•Concept ID:
C1836484
•
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: Stuttering, Familial Persistent 2
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0012232
OMIM®: 609261

Definition

Stuttering is a speech disorder characterized by the presence of syllable repetitions, syllable prolongations, and interruptions in the smooth flow of speech known as blocks (summary by Riaz et al., 2005). For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of familial persistent stuttering, see 184450. [from OMIM]

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Online indirect group treatment for preschool children who stutter-Effects on stuttering severity and the impact of stuttering on child and parents.
Gembäck C, McAllister A, Femrell L, Lagerberg TE
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2025 Mar-Apr;60(2):e70008. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.70008. PMID: 39977729Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Online indirect group treatment for preschool children who stutter-Effects on stuttering severity and the impact of stuttering on child and parents.
Gembäck C, McAllister A, Femrell L, Lagerberg TE
Int J Lang Commun Disord 2025 Mar-Apr;60(2):e70008. doi: 10.1111/1460-6984.70008. PMID: 39977729Free PMC Article
Analysis of cumulative risk predictors for persistent stuttering: family perception and amount of speech disruptions.
Costa JB, Juste F, Ritto AP, Sassi FC, Andrade CRF
Codas 2023;35(6):e20220206. Epub 2023 Nov 13 doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022206pt. PMID: 37971052Free PMC Article
Risk Factors for the Development of Persistent Stuttering: What Every Pediatrician Should Know.
Costa JB, Ritto AP, Juste F, Sassi FC, de Andrade CRF
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Apr 25;19(9) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095225. PMID: 35564619Free PMC Article
Self-reported impact of developmental stuttering across the lifespan.
Boyce JO, Jackson VE, van Reyk O, Parker R, Vogel AP, Eising E, Horton SE, Gillespie NA, Scheffer IE, Amor DJ, Hildebrand MS, Fisher SE, Martin NG, Reilly S, Bahlo M, Morgan AT
Dev Med Child Neurol 2022 Oct;64(10):1297-1306. Epub 2022 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15211. PMID: 35307825
Mutations in the lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathway and persistent stuttering.
Kang C, Riazuddin S, Mundorff J, Krasnewich D, Friedman P, Mullikin JC, Drayna D
N Engl J Med 2010 Feb 25;362(8):677-85. Epub 2010 Feb 10 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0902630. PMID: 20147709Free PMC Article

Diagnosis

Analysis of cumulative risk predictors for persistent stuttering: family perception and amount of speech disruptions.
Costa JB, Juste F, Ritto AP, Sassi FC, Andrade CRF
Codas 2023;35(6):e20220206. Epub 2023 Nov 13 doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022206pt. PMID: 37971052Free PMC Article
Risk Factors for the Development of Persistent Stuttering: What Every Pediatrician Should Know.
Costa JB, Ritto AP, Juste F, Sassi FC, de Andrade CRF
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Apr 25;19(9) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095225. PMID: 35564619Free PMC Article
Predicting persistence of and recovery from stuttering by the teenage years based on information gathered at age 8 years.
Howell P, Davis S
J Dev Behav Pediatr 2011 Apr;32(3):196-205. doi: 10.1097/DBP.0b013e31820fd4a9. PMID: 21336144
The effects of bilingualism on stuttering during late childhood.
Howell P, Davis S, Williams R
Arch Dis Child 2009 Jan;94(1):42-6. Epub 2008 Sep 9 doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.134114. PMID: 18782846Free PMC Article
New complexities in the genetics of stuttering: significant sex-specific linkage signals.
Suresh R, Ambrose N, Roe C, Pluzhnikov A, Wittke-Thompson JK, Ng MC, Wu X, Cook EH, Lundstrom C, Garsten M, Ezrati R, Yairi E, Cox NJ
Am J Hum Genet 2006 Apr;78(4):554-63. Epub 2006 Feb 1 doi: 10.1086/501370. PMID: 16532387Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Analysis of cumulative risk predictors for persistent stuttering: family perception and amount of speech disruptions.
Costa JB, Juste F, Ritto AP, Sassi FC, Andrade CRF
Codas 2023;35(6):e20220206. Epub 2023 Nov 13 doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022206pt. PMID: 37971052Free PMC Article
Self-reported impact of developmental stuttering across the lifespan.
Boyce JO, Jackson VE, van Reyk O, Parker R, Vogel AP, Eising E, Horton SE, Gillespie NA, Scheffer IE, Amor DJ, Hildebrand MS, Fisher SE, Martin NG, Reilly S, Bahlo M, Morgan AT
Dev Med Child Neurol 2022 Oct;64(10):1297-1306. Epub 2022 Mar 21 doi: 10.1111/dmcn.15211. PMID: 35307825
Bidirectional Associations of Childhood Stuttering With Behavior and Temperament.
Koenraads SPC, Jansen PW, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, van der Schroeff MP, Franken MC
J Speech Lang Hear Res 2021 Dec 13;64(12):4563-4579. Epub 2021 Nov 4 doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00252. PMID: 34735297
The History of Stuttering by 7 Years of Age: Follow-Up of a Prospective Community Cohort.
Kefalianos E, Onslow M, Packman A, Vogel A, Pezic A, Mensah F, Conway L, Bavin E, Block S, Reilly S
J Speech Lang Hear Res 2017 Oct 17;60(10):2828-2839. doi: 10.1044/2017_JSLHR-S-16-0205. PMID: 28979988
The effects of bilingualism on stuttering during late childhood.
Howell P, Davis S, Williams R
Arch Dis Child 2009 Jan;94(1):42-6. Epub 2008 Sep 9 doi: 10.1136/adc.2007.134114. PMID: 18782846Free PMC Article

Clinical prediction guides

Analysis of cumulative risk predictors for persistent stuttering: family perception and amount of speech disruptions.
Costa JB, Juste F, Ritto AP, Sassi FC, Andrade CRF
Codas 2023;35(6):e20220206. Epub 2023 Nov 13 doi: 10.1590/2317-1782/20232022206pt. PMID: 37971052Free PMC Article
Risk Factors for the Development of Persistent Stuttering: What Every Pediatrician Should Know.
Costa JB, Ritto AP, Juste F, Sassi FC, de Andrade CRF
Int J Environ Res Public Health 2022 Apr 25;19(9) doi: 10.3390/ijerph19095225. PMID: 35564619Free PMC Article
Bidirectional Associations of Childhood Stuttering With Behavior and Temperament.
Koenraads SPC, Jansen PW, Baatenburg de Jong RJ, van der Schroeff MP, Franken MC
J Speech Lang Hear Res 2021 Dec 13;64(12):4563-4579. Epub 2021 Nov 4 doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-20-00252. PMID: 34735297
Studies in a consanguineous family reveal a novel locus for stuttering on chromosome 16q.
Raza MH, Amjad R, Riazuddin S, Drayna D
Hum Genet 2012 Feb;131(2):311-3. Epub 2011 Dec 29 doi: 10.1007/s00439-011-1134-2. PMID: 22205390Free PMC Article
Mutations in the lysosomal enzyme-targeting pathway and persistent stuttering.
Kang C, Riazuddin S, Mundorff J, Krasnewich D, Friedman P, Mullikin JC, Drayna D
N Engl J Med 2010 Feb 25;362(8):677-85. Epub 2010 Feb 10 doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa0902630. PMID: 20147709Free PMC Article

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Consumer resources

    Reviews

    Related information

    • ClinVar
      Related medical variations
    • Gene
      Related information in NCBI Gene
    • GTR
      Related information in GTR
    • GTR(Clinical)
      Clinical tests in GTR
    • MeSH
      Related Medical Subject Headings
    • OMIM
      Related records in OMIM
    • PMC Articles
      Related information in PubMed Central Links
    • PubMed
      Related literature resources in PubMed
    • PubMed (OMIM)
      Related literature resources in PubMed

    Recent activity

    Clear Turn Off Turn On

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...