OVERVIEW

PRODUCT INFORMATION

REPRESENTATIVE TRADE NAMES

Entrectinib – Rozlytrek®

DRUG CLASS

Antineoplastic Agents, Kinase Inhibitors

COMPLETE LABELING

Product labeling at DailyMed, National Library of Medicine, NIH

CHEMICAL FORMULA AND STRUCTURE

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DRUG	CAS REGISTRY NO.	MOLECULAR FORMULA	STRUCTURE
Entrectinib	1108743-60-7	C31-H34-F2-N6-O2

ANNOTATED BIBLIOGRAPHY

References updated: 15 September 2021

Abbreviations: ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; NTRK, neurotrophic T receptor kinase; ROS1, c-ros oncogene 1.

• Zimmerman HJ. Hepatotoxicity: the adverse effects of drugs and other chemicals on the liver. 2nd ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott, 1999.

  (Review of hepatotoxicity published in 1999 before the availability of tyrosine kinase receptor inhibitors).
• DeLeve LD. Kinase inhibitors. Cancer chemotherapy. In, Kaplowitz N, DeLeve LD, eds. Drug-induced liver disease. 3rd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2013, p. 556.

  (Review of hepatotoxicity of cancer chemotherapeutic agents, does not discuss entrectinib).
• Wellstein A, Giaccone G, Atkins MB, Sausville EA. Pathway targeted therapies: monoclonal antibodies, protein kinase inhibitors, and various small molecules. In, Brunton LL Hilal-Dandan R, Knollman BC, eds. Goodman & Gilman's the pharmacological basis of therapeutics. 13th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2018, pp. 1203-36.

  (Textbook of pharmacology and therapeutics).
• FDA. https://www​.accessdata​.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs​/nda/2019/212725Orig1s000,​%20212726Orig1s000MultidisciplineR.pdf.

  (FDA website with product labels and initial clinical review of the safety and efficacy of entrectinib; states that virtually all patients treated with entrectinib [n=355] had at least one adverse event, 39% had a serious adverse event, 38% of patients had an ALT elevation but only 2.9% were above 5 times ULN and there were no severe hepatic adverse events or instances of clinically apparent liver injury).
• Ardini E, Menichincheri M, Banfi P, Bosotti R, De Ponti C, Pulci R, Ballinari D, et al. Entrectinib, a pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor with activity in multiple molecularly defined cancer indications. Mol Cancer Ther. 2016;15:628–39. [PubMed: 26939704]

  (Review of the molecular targets of the multi-kinase inhibitor entrectinib with has activity against tumors with fusion genes involving all NTRK-1, -2 and -3 and demonstrated inhibitory activity in cell culture and animal models and is undergoing early phase studies in patients with solid tumors with NTRK gene fusions).
• Drilon A, Siena S, Ou SI, Patel M, Ahn MJ, Lee J, Bauer TM, et al. Safety and antitumor activity of the multitargeted pan-TRK, ROS1, and ALK inhibitor entrectinib: combined results from two phase I trials (ALKA-372-001 and STARTRK-1). Cancer Discov. 2017;7:400–409. [PMC free article: PMC5380583] [PubMed: 28183697]

  (Open label study of entrectinib in 119 patents with solid tumors using different dosing schedules found objective responses only in patients with a fusion gene involving NTRK1/2/3, ROS1 or ALK and side effects included fatigue in 46%, dysgeusia 42%, paresthesias 29%, nausea 28%, myalgias 23%, and diarrhea 19%, with dose reductions in 15% and two dose-limiting reactions [800 mg daily]: impaired cognition and eosinophilic myocarditis; no mention of hepatotoxicity or ALT elevations).
• Al-Salama ZT, Keam SJ. Entrectinib: first global approval. Drugs. 2019;79:1477–1483. [PubMed: 31372957]

  (Review of the mechanism of action, history of development, pharmacology, clinical efficacy, and safety of entrectinib shortly after its initial approval [in Japan], mentions that ALT elevations arose in only 1% of patients).
• Doebele RC, Drilon A, Paz-Ares L, Siena S, Shaw AT, Farago AF, Blakely CM, et al. trial investigators. Entrectinib in patients with advanced or metastatic NTRK fusion-positive solid tumours: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21:271–282. [PMC free article: PMC7461630] [PubMed: 31838007]

  (Analysis of an integrated database from 3 open label trials of entrectinib for NTRK gene fusion positive solid tumors reported an objective response rate of 57% [among 59 adults] and serious adverse event rate of 9% [among 68 patients] , rate of ALT elevation of 9%, and ALT elevation above 2000 U/L in one patient).
• Drilon A, Siena S, Dziadziuszko R, Barlesi F, Krebs MG, Shaw AT, de Braud F, et al. trial investigators. Entrectinib in ROS1 fusion-positive non-small-cell lung cancer: integrated analysis of three phase 1-2 trials. Lancet Oncol. 2020;21(2):261–270. [PMC free article: PMC7811790] [PubMed: 31838015]

  (Among 53 patients with ROS1 fusion positive NSCLC treated with entrectinib [600 mg daily], the objective response rate was 77% [6% complete] including intracranial tumors, while most patients had at least one adverse event and including 10% with ALT elevations [5 times ULN in 2%], but there were no hepatic severe adverse events, or discontinuations or deaths attributable to liver injury).
• Sartore-Bianchi A, Pizzutilo EG, Marrapese G, Tosi F, Cerea G, Siena S. Entrectinib for the treatment of metastatic NSCLC: safety and efficacy. Expert Rev Anticancer Ther. 2020;20:333–341. [PubMed: 32223357]

  (Review of the mechanism of action, clinical efficacy and safety of entrectinib in patients with non-small cell lung cancer [NSCLC] with ROS1 fusion gene, which in open-label studies had an objective response rate of 77% [6% complete] and adverse reactions included AST elevations in 10% that were greater than 5 times ULN in only 1%).
• Marcus L, Donoghue M, Aungst S, Myers CE, Helms WS, Shen G, Zhao H, et al. FDA approval summary: entrectinib for the treatment of NTRK gene fusion solid tumors. Clin Cancer Res. 2021;27:928–932. [PubMed: 32967940]

  (Summary of data on efficacy and safety of entrectinib as therapy of NTRK gene fusion positive solid tumors based on 54 patients with various tumors [including sarcoma, NSCLC, breast, colorectal, thyroid and pancreatic cancers] with an objective response rate of 57% [7% complete] and duration of response of 3-26 months, and adverse events in almost all patients, including 39% with serious adverse events; no discussion of hepatotoxicity or ALT elevations).
• Delgado J, Pean E, Melchiorri D, Migali C, Josephson F, Enzmann H, Pignatti F. The European Medicines Agency review of entrectinib for the treatment of adult or paediatric patients with solid tumours who have a neurotrophic tyrosine receptor kinase gene fusions and adult patients with non-small-cell lung cancer harbouring ROS1 rearrangements. ESMO Open. 2021;6:100087. [PMC free article: PMC7988279] [PubMed: 33735800]

  (Summary of the data on efficacy and safety of entrectinib therapy that supported its marketing approval by the European Medicines Agency based upon results from 3 open-label studies demonstrating an objective response rate of 64% [complete in 7%] with an overall survival of 23.9 months, but a high rate of adverse events [99.4%], including serious adverse events [40%], requiring discontinuation in 9%, liver abnormalities in 22.6% but no liver related deaths).