| Outcomes | No of Participants (studies) Follow up | Quality of the evidence (GRADE) | Relative effect (95% CI) | Anticipated absolute effects | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Risk with Control | Risk difference with Treatment versus no treatment (95% CI) | ||||
| All-cause mortality <140 mmHg |
68,816 (1 study) 4 years |
LOW1 due to indirectness |
RR 0.98 (0.9 to 1.07) | [4,897 events in 68,816 people]5 | |
| All-cause mortality 140–159 mmHg |
41,049 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.87 (0.75 to 1.01) | 56 per 1,0003 |
7 fewer per 1,000 (from 14 fewer to 1 more) |
| All-cause mortality ≥160 mmHg |
79,900 (1 study) 4 years |
LOW1 due to indirectness |
RR 0.93 (0.87 to 0.99) | 81 per 1,0003 |
6 fewer per 1,000 (from 1 fewer to 11 fewer) |
| Stroke <140 mmHg |
62,751 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.85 (0.68 to 1.06) | 30 per 1,0004 |
4 fewer per 1,000 (from 10 fewer to 2 more) |
| Stroke 140–159 mmHg |
41,641 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.86 (0.72 to 1.03) | 42 per 1,0004 |
6 fewer per 1,000 (from 12 fewer to 1 more) |
| Stroke ≥160 mmHg |
79,900 (1 study) 4 years |
LOW1 due to indirectness |
RR 0.69 (0.6 to 0.79) | 62 per 1,0004 |
19 fewer per 1,000 (from 13 fewer to 25 fewer) |
| Coronary heart disease <140 mmHg |
62,617 (1 study) 4 years |
LOW1 due to indirectness |
RR 0.98 (0.88 to 1.09) | 66 per 1,0004 | 1 fewer per 1,000 (from 8 fewer to 6 more) |
| Coronary heart disease 140–159 mmHg |
42,543 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.86 (0.76 to 0.97) | 34 per 1,0004 | 5 fewer per 1,000 (from 1 fewer to 8 fewer) |
| Coronary heart disease ≥160 mmHg |
78,617 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.86 (0.78 to 0.95) | 56 per 1,0,004 | 12 fewer per 1,000 (from 8 fewer to 15 fewer) |
| Heart failure <140 mmHg |
60,879 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.88 (0.78 to 0.99) | Moderate | |
| [2,261 events in 60,879 people] 5 | |||||
| Heart failure 140–159 mmHg |
35,254 (1 study) 4 years |
due to indirectness, imprecision |
RR 0.87 (0.73 to 1.04) | Moderate | |
| [1,113 events in 35,254 people]5 | |||||
| Heart failure ≥160 mmHg |
23,395 (1 study) 4 years |
LOW1 due to indirectness |
RR 0.53 (0.42 to 0.67) | Moderate | |
| [520 events in 23,395 people]5 | |||||
Downgraded by 1 increment due to population or outcome indirectness or by 2 increments for both population and outcome indirectness
Downgraded by 1 increment if the confidence interval crossed 1 MID or by 2 increments if the confidence interval crossed both MIDs
Control group risk not reported; values extrapolated from Bulpitt 198843
Control group risk not reported; values extrapolated from Law 2009107
Control group risk not reported; therefore, absolute risk could not be calculated: no data was available that values could be extrapolated from.
From: Evidence review for initiating treatment
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