<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, shrink-to-fit=no">
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" />
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge,chrome=1"/>
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com">
<link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin>
<link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Roboto:wght@100;300;400;500;700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://use.fontawesome.com/releases/v5.0.10/css/all.css" integrity="sha384-+d0P83n9kaQMCwj8F4RJB66tzIwOKmrdb46+porD/OvrJ+37WqIM7UoBtwHO6Nlg" crossorigin="anonymous">
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" title="The Dublin Core metadata Element Set" />
<script src="https://assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/js/uswds-init.min.js"></script>
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/home_assets/uswds/css/styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/home_assets/uswds/css/uswds_accordion_nav.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/home_assets/css/mwm_sidebar.css">
<title>MEDLINE</title>
<link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" title="The Dublin Core metadata Element Set" />
<meta name="DC.Title" content="MEDLINE" />
<meta name="DC.Publisher" content="U.S. National Library of Medicine" />
<meta name="DC.Date.Issued" content="2024-01-19" />
<meta name="DC.Date.Modified" content="2024-02-05" />
<meta name="NLMDC.Date.LastReviewed" content="2024-02-05" />
<meta name="NLM.Contact.Email" content="NLMDASwebsupport@mail.nlm.nih.gov" />
<meta name="DC.Type" content="Training Material and Manuals" />
<meta name="DC.Rights" content="Public Domain" />
<meta name="DC.Language" content="eng" />
<!-- Google Tag Manager --><script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push(
{'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'}
);var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src='//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MT6MLL');</script>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
</head>
<body>
<!-- Google Tag Manager -->
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MT6MLL" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" title="googletagmanager"></iframe></noscript>
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
<!-- TOP NAV -->
<a class="usa-skipnav" href="#main">Skip to main content</a>
<div class="usa-banner site-banner" aria-label="Official government website">
<div class="usa-accordion">
<header class="usa-banner__header">
<div class="usa-banner__inner">
<div class="grid-col-auto"> <img class="usa-banner__header-flag" src="https://assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/img/us_flag_small.png" alt="U.S. flag"/> </div>
<div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto">
<p class="usa-banner__header-text"> An official website of the United States government </p>
<p class="usa-banner__header-action" aria-hidden="true"> Here’s how you know </p>
</div>
<button class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner"> <span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here’s how you know</span> </button>
</div>
</header>
<div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg">
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="https://assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p> <strong> Official websites use .gov </strong> <br />
A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government
organization in the United States. </p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"> <img class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" src="https://assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true"/>
<div class="usa-media-block__body">
<p> <strong> Secure .gov websites use HTTPS </strong> <br />
A <strong>lock</strong> ( <span class="icon-lock">
<svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-title-default banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false">
<title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title>
<desc id="banner-lock-description-default">A locked padlock</desc>
<path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"/>
</svg>
</span> ) or <strong>https://</strong> means you’ve safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. </p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!-- HEADER -->
<header id="siteheader" class="usa-header usa-header--basic">
<div class="usa-nav-container tablet:padding-x-4 mobile-lg:padding-x-2 padding-y-1">
<div class="grid-row padding-y-105">
<div class="grid-col-8 desktop:grid-col-4 tablet-lg:grid-col-4 tablet:grid-col-6"> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/"> <img src="https://assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/img/NLM_White.png" alt="NLM logo" class="logo margin-top-1"> </a> </div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-4 desktop:grid-offset-4 tablet-lg:grid-col-6 tablet-lg:grid-offset-2 tablet:grid-col-6 grid-col-12">
<form class="usa-search desktop:margin-top-2 tablet:margin-top-2 mobile:margin-top-1" role="search" data-gtm-form-interact-id="0" method="get" action="//vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta" target="_self" name="searchForm" id="searchForm2">
<input class="usa-input ui-autocomplete-input" aria-label="Search" type="search" name="query" data-gtm-form-interact-field-id="0" id="search2" placeholder="Search NLM" autocomplete="off">
<input type="hidden" name="v:project" value="nlm-main-website">
<button class="usa-button border border-top border-bottom border-right border-white" role="button" aria-label="Search" type="submit"> <span class="usa-search__submit-text"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> </span> </button>
</form>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</header>
<div class="bg-secondary insertCOOP">
<div class="usa-nav-container">
<div class="usa-navbar ">
<button class="usa-menu-btn">Menu</button>
</div>
<nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav">
<button class="usa-nav__close"><img src="https://assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/img/close.svg" alt="close"></button>
<ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion insertNav">
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item desktop-lg:margin-x-5 desktop:margin-x-3 tablet:margin-x-0">
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-one"> <span>Products and Services <i class="fas fa-caret-down margin-left-05"></i> </span> </button>
<ul id="basic-nav-section-one" class="usa-nav__submenu bg-secondary" hidden="">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//eresources.nlm.nih.gov/nlm_eresources/"><span>All Products and Services</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//clinicaltrials.gov/"><span>ClinicalTrials.gov</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//collections.nlm.nih.gov/"><span>Digital Collections</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//catalog.nlm.nih.gov"><span>LocatorPlus Catalog</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//meshb.nlm.nih.gov/search"><span>Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//medlineplus.gov/"><span>MedlinePlus</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/"><span>PubMed/MEDLINE</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//uts.nlm.nih.gov/uts/"><span>Unified Medical Language System (UMLS)</span></a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item desktop-lg:margin-x-5 desktop:margin-x-3 tablet:margin-x-0">
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-two"> <span> Resources for You <i class="fas fa-caret-down margin-left-05"></i></span> </button>
<ul id="basic-nav-section-two" class="usa-nav__submenu bg-secondary" hidden="">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/portals/researchers.html"><span>For Researchers</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/portals/publishers.html "><span>For Publishers</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/portals/librarians.html"><span>For Librarians</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/training.html "><span>For Educators/Trainers </span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/portals/healthcare.html"><span>For Health care Professionals</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/portals/public.html "><span>For the Public</span></a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item desktop-lg:margin-x-5 desktop:margin-x-3 tablet:margin-x-0">
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-three"> <span>Explore NLM <i class="fas fa-caret-down margin-left-05"></i> </span> </button>
<ul id="basic-nav-section-three" class="usa-nav__submenu bg-secondary" hidden="">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about/index.html"><span>About the Library</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about/visitor.html"><span>Visit the Library</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/hmd/index.html"><span>History of Medicine</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/about/org.html"><span>NLM by Organization</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/news/newsandevents.html"><span>News, Events, and Updates</span></a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
<li class="usa-nav__primary-item desktop-lg:margin-x-5 desktop:margin-x-3 tablet:margin-x-0">
<button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link usa-current" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="basic-nav-section-four"> <span> Grants and Research <i class="fas fa-caret-down margin-left-05"></i> </span> </button>
<ul id="basic-nav-section-four" class="usa-nav__submenu bg-secondary" hidden="">
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/ep/index.html"><span>NLM Extramural Programs</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="/research/index.html"><span>NLM Intramural Research Program</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/"><span>National Center for Biotechnology Information</span></a> </li>
<li class="usa-nav__submenu-item"> <a href="//lhncbc.nlm.nih.gov/"><span>Lister Hill National Center for Biomedical Communications</span></a> </li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</nav>
</div>
</div>
<!-- End of TOP NAV -->
<!-- DIVISIONAL BANNER -->
<div class="bg-gray-70">
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-row divisional">
<div class="grid-col text-white">
<div class="float-left">
<h4 class="margin-bottom-0"> MEDLINE</h4>
</div>
<div class="float-right margin-top-05">
<p>
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<!--END DIVISIONAL BANNER -->
<!-- Breadcrumbs -->
<div class="grid-container">
<nav class="usa-breadcrumb usa-breadcrumb--wrap padding-top-1" aria-label="Breadcrumbs">
<ol class="usa-breadcrumb__list">
<li class="usa-breadcrumb__list-item"> <a href="/index.html" class="usa-breadcrumb__link"><span>Home</span></a> </li>
</ol>
</nav>
</div>
<!-- End Breadcrumbs -->
<main class="padding-bottom-5" id="main">
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-row grid-gap">
<div class="tablet:grid-col-3">
<section class="nav-wrap">
<!-- start accordion nav block -->
<nav class="acnav" role="navigation">
<!-- start level 1 -->
<ul class="acnav__list acnav__list--level1 padding-left-0" style="list-style-type:none">
<li><a class="active" href="/medline/medline_home.html"> MEDLINE Home </a></li><li class="has-children"><div class="acnav__label"> <i class="arrow down"></i><a class="notactive" href="/medline/medline_overview.html"> About </a></div><ul class="acnav__list acnav__list--level2" style="list-style-type: none; display: none;"><li class="li nav-item"><a class="notactive nav-link link10213" href="/medline/medline_history.html">MEDLINE History</a></li><li class="li nav-item"><a class="notactive nav-link link10224" href="/medline/medline_about_lstrc.html">Literature Selection Technical Review Committee (LSTRC)</a></li><li class="li nav-item"><a class="notactive nav-link link10235" href="/medline/medline_statistics.html">MEDLINE Journal Selection Statistics</a></li><li class="li nav-item"><a class="notactive nav-link link10246" href="/medline/medline_new_titles.html">Journals Recently Accepted for Inclusion in MEDLINE</a></li><li class="li nav-item"><a class="notactive nav-link link10257" href="/medline/medline_faq.html">FAQ</a></li></ul></li><li><a class="notactive" href="/medline/medline_how_to_include.html"> How to Include a Journal in MEDLINE </a></li><li><a class="notactive" href="/medline/medline_journal_selection.html"> Journal Selection for MEDLINE </a></li><li><a class="notactive" href="/medline/medline_policies.html"> Policies </a></li>
</ul>
<!-- end level 1 -->
</nav>
<!-- end accordion nav block -->
</section>
</div>
<div class="tablet:grid-col-9">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="desktop:grid-col-8 tablet:grid-col-12">
<h1>MEDLINE</h1>
</div>
</div>
<p>MEDLINE is the <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/">National Library of Medicine's</a> (NLM) premier bibliographic database that contains references to journal articles in life sciences, with a concentration on biomedicine. See the <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medline/medline_overview.html">MEDLINE Overview</a> page for more information about MEDLINE.</p>
<p>MEDLINE content is searchable via <a title="PubMed®" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov">PubMed</a> and constitutes the primary component of PubMed, a literature database developed and maintained by the NLM <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/">National Center for Biotechnology Information</a> (NCBI).</p>
</div>
</div>
<p class=”margin-top-5”><small>Last Reviewed: February 5, 2024</small></p>
</div>
</main>
<!-- FOOTER -->
<footer class="usa-footer__primary-section padding-top-5 padding-bottom-3 insertfooter">
<div class="grid-container">
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6"> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">
<p class="text-white margin-bottom-1">Connect with NLM</p>
</a>
<ul class="social_media add-list-reset">
<li class="margin-right-05"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine"><img class="bg-secondary" src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/national-library-of-medicine-nlm/"><img class="bg-secondary" src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/linkedin.svg" alt="LinkedIn"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH"><img src="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/images/twitter.svg" class="padding-1 bg-secondary" alt="Twitter"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/youtube.svg" class="bg-secondary" alt="You Tube"></a></li>
<li class="margin-right-05"><a title="External link: please review our privacy policy." href="https://public.govdelivery.com/accounts/USNLMOCPL/subscriber/new?preferences=true"><img src="//www.nlm.nih.gov/images/mail.svg" class=" bg-secondary" alt="Government Delivery"></a></li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
<p class="address_footer text-white"> National Library of Medicine <br>
<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white"> 8600 Rockville Pike <br>
Bethesda, MD 20894 </a></p>
</div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
<p><a href="/web_policies.html" class="text-white"> Web Policies </a><br>
<a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white"> FOIA </a><br>
<a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a> </p>
</div>
<div class="desktop:grid-col-3 grid-col-6">
<p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="//support.nlm.nih.gov?from="> NLM Support Center </a> <br>
<a href="/accessibility.html" class="text-white"> Accessibility </a><br>
<a href="/careers/careers.html" class="text-white"> Careers </a></p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="grid-row">
<div class="grid-col-12">
<p class="text-center text-white"> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> | <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</footer>
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/uswds/js/uswds.min.js"></script>
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/jquery/jquery-latest.min.js"></script>
<script src="//assets.nlm.nih.gov/jquery/jquery-migrate-latest.min.js"></script>
<script src="/scripts/nlm_autocomplete.js"></script>
<script src="/scripts/nlm_uswds.js"></script>
<script src="/scripts/uswds_accordion_nav.js"></script>
</body>
</html>