U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Format

Send to:

Choose Destination

Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia(HED)

MedGen UID:
1853123
Concept ID:
C5848103
Disease or Syndrome
Synonym: HED
Modes of inheritance:
Autosomal recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
141025
Concept ID:
C0441748
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in individuals with two pathogenic alleles, either homozygotes (two copies of the same mutant allele) or compound heterozygotes (whereby each copy of a gene has a distinct mutant allele).
Autosomal dominant inheritance
MedGen UID:
141047
Concept ID:
C0443147
Intellectual Product
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for traits related to a gene encoded on one of the autosomes (i.e., the human chromosomes 1-22) in which a trait manifests in heterozygotes. In the context of medical genetics, an autosomal dominant disorder is caused when a single copy of the mutant allele is present. Males and females are affected equally, and can both transmit the disorder with a risk of 50% for each child of inheriting the mutant allele.
X-linked recessive inheritance
MedGen UID:
375779
Concept ID:
C1845977
Finding
Source: Orphanet
A mode of inheritance that is observed for recessive traits related to a gene encoded on the X chromosome. In the context of medical genetics, X-linked recessive disorders manifest in males (who have one copy of the X chromosome and are thus hemizygotes), but generally not in female heterozygotes who have one mutant and one normal allele.
 
Related genes: EDARADD, EDAR, EDA
 
HPO: HP:0007607
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0016535
Orphanet: ORPHA238468

Disease characteristics

Excerpted from the GeneReview: Hypohidrotic Ectodermal Dysplasia
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by hypotrichosis (sparseness of scalp and body hair), hypohidrosis (reduced ability to sweat), and hypodontia (congenital absence of teeth). The cardinal features of classic HED become obvious during childhood. The scalp hair is thin, lightly pigmented, and slow growing. Sweating, although present, is greatly deficient, leading to episodes of hyperthermia until the affected individual or family acquires experience with environmental modifications to control temperature. Only a few abnormally formed teeth erupt, at a later-than-average age. Physical growth and psychomotor development are otherwise within normal limits. Mild HED is characterized by mild manifestations of any or all the characteristic features. [from GeneReviews]
Authors:
J Timothy Wright  |  Dorothy K Grange  |  Mary Fete   view full author information

Additional description

From OMIM
Some ectodermal dysplasias are here classified as congenital disorders characterized by abnormal development in 2 or more ectodermal structures (hair, nails, teeth, and sweat glands) without other systemic findings. Hypohidrotic, or anhidrotic, ectodermal dysplasia (HED/EDA) is characterized by a triad of signs comprising sparse hair (hypotrichosis), abnormal or missing teeth (anodontia or hypodontia), and inability to sweat (anhidrosis or hypohidrosis). Typical clinical manifestations also include dryness of the skin, eyes, airways, and mucous membranes presumably due to the defective development of several exocrine glands. Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia can be associated with dysmorphic features (forehead bumps, rings under the eyes, everted nose, and prominent lips) and occasionally with absent nipples (summary by Cluzeau et al., 2011).  http://www.omim.org/entry/614941

Conditions with this feature

Hypohidrotic X-linked ectodermal dysplasia
MedGen UID:
57890
Concept ID:
C0162359
Disease or Syndrome
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by hypotrichosis (sparseness of scalp and body hair), hypohidrosis (reduced ability to sweat), and hypodontia (congenital absence of teeth). The cardinal features of classic HED become obvious during childhood. The scalp hair is thin, lightly pigmented, and slow growing. Sweating, although present, is greatly deficient, leading to episodes of hyperthermia until the affected individual or family acquires experience with environmental modifications to control temperature. Only a few abnormally formed teeth erupt, at a later-than-average age. Physical growth and psychomotor development are otherwise within normal limits. Mild HED is characterized by mild manifestations of any or all the characteristic features.
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia-hypothyroidism-ciliary dyskinesia syndrome
MedGen UID:
384046
Concept ID:
C1857052
Disease or Syndrome
A rare, genetic, ectodermal dysplasia syndrome characterized by the association of hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (manifesting with the triad of hypohidrosis, anodontia/hypodontia and hypotrichosis) with primary hypothyroidism and respiratory tract ciliary dyskinesia. Patients frequently present urticaria pigmentosa-like skin pigmentation, increased mast cells and melanin depositions in the dermis and severe, recurrent chest infections. There have been no further descriptions in the literature since 1986.
Ectodermal dysplasia 11A, hypohidrotic/hair/tooth type, autosomal dominant
MedGen UID:
762105
Concept ID:
C3541517
Disease or Syndrome
Ectodermal dysplasia 10B, hypohidrotic/hair/tooth type, autosomal recessive
MedGen UID:
854356
Concept ID:
C3887494
Disease or Syndrome
Hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia (HED) is characterized by hypotrichosis (sparseness of scalp and body hair), hypohidrosis (reduced ability to sweat), and hypodontia (congenital absence of teeth). The cardinal features of classic HED become obvious during childhood. The scalp hair is thin, lightly pigmented, and slow growing. Sweating, although present, is greatly deficient, leading to episodes of hyperthermia until the affected individual or family acquires experience with environmental modifications to control temperature. Only a few abnormally formed teeth erupt, at a later-than-average age. Physical growth and psychomotor development are otherwise within normal limits. Mild HED is characterized by mild manifestations of any or all the characteristic features.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

Faria-Teixeira MC, Tordera C, Salvado E Silva F, Vaz-Carneiro A, Iglesias-Linares A
Pediatr Res 2024 May;95(6):1455-1475. Epub 2024 Feb 12 doi: 10.1038/s41390-023-02907-5. PMID: 38347173Free PMC Article
Mineroff J, Dowling JR, Golbari NM, Wechter T, Jagdeo J
J Drugs Dermatol 2023 Nov 1;22(11):1130-1132. doi: 10.36849/JDD.7650. PMID: 37943264
Schneider H, Schweikl C, Faschingbauer F, Hadj-Rabia S, Schneider P
Int J Mol Sci 2023 Apr 12;24(8) doi: 10.3390/ijms24087155. PMID: 37108325Free PMC Article

Recent clinical studies

Etiology

Medori MC, Gisondi P, Bellinato F, Bonetti G, Micheletti C, Donato K, Dhuli K, Ergoren MC, Cristofoli F, Cecchin S, Marceddu G, Bertelli M
Clin Ter 2023 Nov-Dec;174(Suppl 2(6)):236-242. doi: 10.7417/CT.2023.2493. PMID: 37994770
Yapijakis C, Douka A, Gintoni I, Agiannitopoulos K, Vlachakis D, Chrousos GP
Adv Exp Med Biol 2023;1423:181-186. doi: 10.1007/978-3-031-31978-5_15. PMID: 37525042
Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Garrido-Guerrero E, Méndez-Catalá CF, Méndez-Cruz AR, Pozo-Molina G
Int J Dermatol 2018 Aug;57(8):965-972. Epub 2018 May 31 doi: 10.1111/ijd.14048. PMID: 29855039
Schnabl D, Grunert I, Schmuth M, Kapferer-Seebacher I
J Oral Rehabil 2018 Jul;45(7):555-570. Epub 2018 May 9 doi: 10.1111/joor.12638. PMID: 29679503
Ohno K, Ohmori I
Pediatr Dent 2000 Jan-Feb;22(1):49-52. PMID: 10730287

Diagnosis

Gupta P, Agrawal S, Grover C
Indian Pediatr 2024 May 15;61(5):503. Epub 2024 Mar 27 PMID: 38554006
Issa CJ, Reimer-Taschenbrecker A, Paller AS
Pediatr Dermatol 2023 May-Jun;40(3):584-586. Epub 2023 Mar 23 doi: 10.1111/pde.15298. PMID: 36951123
Li TG, Ma B, Tie HX, Zhang QH, Hao SJ, Guan CL
J Clin Ultrasound 2021 Oct;49(8):838-840. Epub 2021 May 15 doi: 10.1002/jcu.23020. PMID: 33991347
Li X, Wu X, Elston DM, Zhang J, Zhou C
Acta Derm Venereol 2021 Jan 4;101(1):adv00352. doi: 10.2340/00015555-3693. PMID: 33196100Free PMC Article
Reyes-Reali J, Mendoza-Ramos MI, Garrido-Guerrero E, Méndez-Catalá CF, Méndez-Cruz AR, Pozo-Molina G
Int J Dermatol 2018 Aug;57(8):965-972. Epub 2018 May 31 doi: 10.1111/ijd.14048. PMID: 29855039

Therapy

Mineroff J, Dowling JR, Golbari NM, Wechter T, Jagdeo J
J Drugs Dermatol 2023 Nov 1;22(11):1130-1132. doi: 10.36849/JDD.7650. PMID: 37943264
Cerezo-Cayuelas M, Pérez-Silva A, Serna-Muñoz C, Vicente A, Martínez-Beneyto Y, Cabello-Malagón I, Ortiz-Ruiz AJ
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 Oct 17;17(1):376. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02533-0. PMID: 36253866Free PMC Article
Kaercher T, Dietz J, Jacobi C, Berz R, Schneider H
Curr Eye Res 2015 Sep;40(9):884-90. Epub 2014 Oct 13 doi: 10.3109/02713683.2014.967869. PMID: 25310457
Ray S, Sharma S, Maheshwari A, Aneja S, Kumar A
J Child Neurol 2013 Apr;28(4):538-40. Epub 2013 Jan 28 doi: 10.1177/0883073812474097. PMID: 23358631
Carrol ED, Gennery AR, Flood TJ, Spickett GP, Abinun M
Arch Dis Child 2003 Apr;88(4):340-1. doi: 10.1136/adc.88.4.340. PMID: 12651765Free PMC Article

Prognosis

Wohlfart S, Meiller R, Hammersen J, Park J, Menzel-Severing J, Melichar VO, Huttner K, Johnson R, Porte F, Schneider H
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2020 Jan 10;15(1):7. doi: 10.1186/s13023-019-1288-x. PMID: 31924237Free PMC Article
Liu G, Wang X, Qin M, Sun L, Zhu J
Oral Dis 2018 Sep;24(6):1101-1106. Epub 2018 Jun 8 doi: 10.1111/odi.12874. PMID: 29676859
Xu XG, Lv Y, Yan H, Qu L, Xiao T, Geng L, He CD, Liu CX, Gao XH, Li YH, Chen HD
Acta Derm Venereol 2017 Aug 31;97(8):984-985. doi: 10.2340/00015555-2695. PMID: 28498389
Clauss F, Waltmann E, Barriere P, Hadj-Rabia S, Manière MC, Schmittbuhl M
J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2014 Sep;42(6):e346-51. Epub 2014 Jan 15 doi: 10.1016/j.jcms.2014.01.037. PMID: 24702986
Ohno K, Ohmori I
Pediatr Dent 2000 Jan-Feb;22(1):49-52. PMID: 10730287

Clinical prediction guides

Yu K, Huang C, Wan F, Jiang C, Chen J, Li X, Wang F, Wu J, Lei M, Wu Y
Nat Commun 2023 Feb 11;14(1):767. doi: 10.1038/s41467-023-36367-6. PMID: 36765055Free PMC Article
Peña-Romero AG, Sáez-de-Ocariz M, Toussaint-Caire S, Morán-Villaseñor E, Orozco-Covarrubias L, Durán-McKinster C
Pediatr Dermatol 2021 Mar;38(2):442-448. Epub 2020 Oct 21 doi: 10.1111/pde.14415. PMID: 33085121
Lévy J, Capri Y, Rachid M, Dupont C, Vermeesch JR, Devriendt K, Verloes A, Tabet AC, Bailleul-Forestier I
Clin Genet 2020 Apr;97(4):595-600. Epub 2020 Feb 17 doi: 10.1111/cge.13714. PMID: 32022899
Liu G, Wang X, Qin M, Sun L, Zhu J
Oral Dis 2018 Sep;24(6):1101-1106. Epub 2018 Jun 8 doi: 10.1111/odi.12874. PMID: 29676859
Lesot H, Clauss F, Manière MC, Schmittbuhl M
Front Oral Biol 2009;13:93-99. Epub 2009 Sep 21 doi: 10.1159/000242398. PMID: 19828977

Recent systematic reviews

Cerezo-Cayuelas M, Pérez-Silva A, Serna-Muñoz C, Vicente A, Martínez-Beneyto Y, Cabello-Malagón I, Ortiz-Ruiz AJ
Orphanet J Rare Dis 2022 Oct 17;17(1):376. doi: 10.1186/s13023-022-02533-0. PMID: 36253866Free PMC Article
Anbouba GM, Carmany EP, Natoli JL
Am J Med Genet A 2020 Apr;182(4):831-841. Epub 2020 Jan 25 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.a.61493. PMID: 31981414
Schnabl D, Grunert I, Schmuth M, Kapferer-Seebacher I
J Oral Rehabil 2018 Jul;45(7):555-570. Epub 2018 May 9 doi: 10.1111/joor.12638. PMID: 29679503

Supplemental Content

Table of contents

    Clinical resources

    Practice guidelines

    • PubMed
      See practice and clinical guidelines in PubMed. The search results may include broader topics and may not capture all published guidelines. See the FAQ for details.

    Recent activity

    Your browsing activity is empty.

    Activity recording is turned off.

    Turn recording back on

    See more...