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Enchondromatosis

MedGen UID:
41775
Concept ID:
C0014084
Disease or Syndrome; Finding
Synonyms: DYSCHONDROPLASIA; ENCHONDROMATOSIS, MULTIPLE, OLLIER TYPE; Multiple cartilaginous enchondroses; Multiple enchondromatosis; Ollier disease
SNOMED CT: Multiple enchondromata (268274005); Congenital enchondromatosis (268274005); Ollier disease (268274005); Ollier's disease (268274005); Enchondromatosis (268274005)
Modes of inheritance:
Not genetically inherited
MedGen UID:
988794
Concept ID:
CN307044
Finding
Source: Orphanet
clinical entity without genetic inheritance.
 
HPO: HP:0005701
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0008145
OMIM®: 166000
Orphanet: ORPHA296

Definition

Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome (614569). Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987). Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Ollier disease is a disorder characterized by multiple enchondromas, which are noncancerous (benign) growths of cartilage that develop within the bones. These growths most commonly occur in the limb bones, especially in the bones of the hands and feet; however, they may also occur in the skull, ribs, and bones of the spine (vertebrae). Enchondromas may result in severe bone deformities, shortening of the limbs, and fractures.

The signs and symptoms of Ollier disease may be detectable at birth, although they generally do not become apparent until around the age of 5. Enchondromas develop near the ends of bones, where normal growth occurs, and they frequently stop forming after affected individuals stop growing in early adulthood. As a result of the bone deformities associated with Ollier disease, people with this disorder generally have short stature and underdeveloped muscles.

Although the enchondromas associated with Ollier disease start out as benign, they may become cancerous (malignant). In particular, affected individuals may develop bone cancers called chondrosarcomas, especially in the skull. People with Ollier disease also have an increased risk of other cancers, such as ovarian cancer or liver cancer.

People with Ollier disease usually have a normal lifespan, and intelligence is unaffected. The extent of their physical impairment depends on their individual skeletal deformities, but in most cases they have no major limitations in their activities.

A related disorder called Maffucci syndrome also involves multiple enchondromas but is distinguished by the presence of red or purplish growths in the skin consisting of tangles of abnormal blood vessels (hemangiomas).  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/ollier-disease

Clinical features

From HPO
Chondrosarcoma
MedGen UID:
3054
Concept ID:
C0008479
Neoplastic Process
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells.
Hemangioma
MedGen UID:
5477
Concept ID:
C0018916
Neoplastic Process
A hemangioma is a benign tumor characterized by blood-filled spaces lined by benign endothelial cells. A hemangioma characterized by large endothelial spaces (caverns) is called a cavernous hemangioma (in contrast to a hemangioma with small endothelial spaces, which is called capillary hemangioma).
Enchondromatosis
MedGen UID:
41775
Concept ID:
C0014084
Finding
Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome (614569). Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987). Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).
Abnormal long bone morphology
MedGen UID:
866811
Concept ID:
C4021165
Anatomical Abnormality
An abnormality of size or shape of the long bones.

Term Hierarchy

CClinical test,  RResearch test,  OOMIM,  GGeneReviews,  VClinVar  
  • CROGVEnchondromatosis
Follow this link to review classifications for Enchondromatosis in Orphanet.

Conditions with this feature

Enchondromatosis
MedGen UID:
41775
Concept ID:
C0014084
Finding
Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome (614569). Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987). Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).
Maffucci syndrome
MedGen UID:
7437
Concept ID:
C0024454
Disease or Syndrome
Enchondromas are common benign cartilage tumors of bone. They can occur as solitary lesions or as multiple lesions in enchondromatosis. When hemangiomata are associated, the condition is known as Maffucci syndrome. Clinical problems caused by enchondromas include skeletal deformity and the potential for malignant change to osteosarcoma (Schwartz et al., 1987). Classification of the Enchondromatoses In their classification of the enchondromatoses, Spranger et al. (1978) called Ollier disease (166000) and Maffucci syndrome types I and II enchondromatosis, respectively; metachondromatosis (156250), type III; and spondyloenchondrodysplasia (607944), type IV; enchondromatosis with irregular vertebral lesions, type V; and generalized enchondromatosis, type VI. Halal and Azouz (1991) added 3 tentative categories to the 6 in the classification of Spranger et al. (1978). Pansuriya et al. (2010) suggested a new classification of enchondromatosis (multiple enchondromas).
Metachondromatosis
MedGen UID:
98377
Concept ID:
C0410530
Disease or Syndrome
Metachondromatosis is characterized by exostoses (osteochondromas), commonly of the hands and feet, and enchondromas of long bone metaphyses and iliac crests (summary by Sobreira et al., 2010).
Upington disease
MedGen UID:
348145
Concept ID:
C1860596
Disease or Syndrome
Upington disease has characteristics of Perthes-like pelvic anomalies (premature closure of the capital femoral epiphyses and widened femoral necks with flattened femoral heads), enchondromata and ecchondromata. It has been described in siblings from three generations of one family. Transmission is autosomal dominant.
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome 7 with inflammation and tumor predisposition
MedGen UID:
1824057
Concept ID:
C5774284
Disease or Syndrome
Mosaic variegated aneuploidy syndrome-7 with inflammation and tumor predisposition (MVA7) is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by increased susceptibility to benign and malignant neoplasms beginning in early childhood. Affected individuals show dysmorphic facies and may have early developmental delay. Patient cells show a high level of aneuploidy due to defects in cell division (Villarroya-Beltri et al., 2022). For a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of MVA, see MVA1 (257300).

Professional guidelines

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Clinical prediction guides

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