Polyglandular autoimmune syndrome, type 1- MedGen UID:
- 39125
- •Concept ID:
- C0085859
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type I (APS1) is characterized by the presence of 2 of 3 major clinical symptoms: Addison disease, and/or hypoparathyroidism, and/or chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis (Neufeld et al., 1981). However, variable APS1 phenotypes have been observed, even among sibs. In addition, some patients may exhibit apparent isolated hypoparathyroidism, an early manifestation of APS1 with peak incidence at around age 5 years; over long-term follow-up, the development of additional features of APS1 may be observed (Cranston et al., 2022).
Williams syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 59799
- •Concept ID:
- C0175702
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Williams syndrome (WS) is characterized by developmental delay, intellectual disability (usually mild), a specific cognitive profile, unique personality characteristics, cardiovascular disease (supravalvar aortic stenosis, peripheral pulmonary stenosis, hypertension), connective tissue abnormalities, growth deficiency, endocrine abnormalities (early puberty, hypercalcemia, hypercalciuria, hypothyroidism), and distinctive facies. Hypotonia and hyperextensible joints can result in delayed attainment of motor milestones. Feeding difficulties often lead to poor weight gain in infancy.
Floating-Harbor syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 152667
- •Concept ID:
- C0729582
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Floating-Harbor syndrome (FHS) is characterized by typical craniofacial features; low birth weight, normal head circumference, and short stature; bone age delay that normalizes between ages six and 12 years; skeletal anomalies (brachydactyly, clubbing, clinodactyly, short thumbs, prominent joints, clavicular abnormalities); severe receptive and expressive language impairment; hypernasality and high-pitched voice; and intellectual disability that is typically mild to moderate. Difficulties with temperament and behavior that are present in many children tend to improve in adulthood. Other features can include hyperopia and/or strabismus, conductive hearing loss, seizures, gastroesophageal reflux, renal anomalies (e.g., hydronephrosis / renal pelviectasis, cysts, and/or agenesis), and genital anomalies (e.g., hypospadias and/or undescended testes).
Cholestasis-pigmentary retinopathy-cleft palate syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 208652
- •Concept ID:
- C0795969
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
MED12-related disorders include the phenotypes of FG syndrome type 1 (FGS1), Lujan syndrome (LS), X-linked Ohdo syndrome (XLOS), Hardikar syndrome (HS), and nonspecific intellectual disability (NSID). FGS1 and LS share the clinical findings of cognitive impairment, hypotonia, and abnormalities of the corpus callosum. FGS1 is further characterized by absolute or relative macrocephaly, tall forehead, downslanted palpebral fissures, small and simple ears, constipation and/or anal anomalies, broad thumbs and halluces, and characteristic behavior. LS is further characterized by large head, tall thin body habitus, long thin face, prominent nasal bridge, high narrow palate, and short philtrum. Carrier females in families with FGS1 and LS are typically unaffected. XLOS is characterized by intellectual disability, blepharophimosis, and facial coarsening. HS has been described in females with cleft lip and/or cleft palate, biliary and liver anomalies, intestinal malrotation, pigmentary retinopathy, and coarctation of the aorta. Developmental and cognitive concerns have not been reported in females with HS. Pathogenic variants in MED12 have been reported in an increasing number of males and females with NSID, with affected individuals often having clinical features identified in other MED12-related disorders.
Celiac disease-epilepsy-cerebral calcification syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 341654
- •Concept ID:
- C1856930
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Celiac disease, epilepsy and cerebral calcification syndrome (CEC) is a rare disorder characterized by the combination of auto-immune intestinal disease, epileptic seizures and cerebral calcifications.
Celiac disease, susceptibility to, 1- MedGen UID:
- 395227
- •Concept ID:
- C1859310
- •
- Finding
Celiac disease is a systemic autoimmune disease that can be associated with gastrointestinal findings (diarrhea, malabsorption, abdominal pain and distension, bloating, vomiting, and weight loss) and/or highly variable non-gastrointestinal findings (dermatitis herpetiformis, chronic fatigue, joint pain/inflammation, iron deficiency anemia, migraines, depression, attention-deficit disorder, epilepsy, osteoporosis/osteopenia, infertility and/or recurrent fetal loss, vitamin deficiencies, short stature, failure to thrive, delayed puberty, dental enamel defects, and autoimmune disorders). Classic celiac disease, characterized by mild to severe gastrointestinal symptoms, is less common than non-classic celiac disease, characterized by absence of gastrointestinal symptoms.
Macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome, autosomal recessive- MedGen UID:
- 812742
- •Concept ID:
- C3806412
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Macrocephaly refers to an abnormally enlarged head inclusive of the scalp, cranial bones, and intracranial contents. Macrocephaly may be due to megalencephaly (true enlargement of the brain parenchyma), and the 2 terms are often used interchangeably in the genetic literature (reviews by Olney, 2007 and Williams et al., 2008). Autosomal recessive macrocephaly/megalencephaly syndrome is characterized by an enlarged cranium apparent at birth or in early childhood. Affected individuals have intellectual disability and may have dysmorphic facial features resulting from the macrocephaly (summary by Alfaiz et al., 2014).
STAT3-related early-onset multisystem autoimmune disease- MedGen UID:
- 863232
- •Concept ID:
- C4014795
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Infantile-onset multisystem autoimmune disease-1 is characterized by early childhood onset of a spectrum of autoimmune disorders affecting multiple organs. Common manifestations include insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and autoimmune enteropathy, or celiac disease, and autoimmune hematologic disorders. Other features include short stature and nonspecific dermatitis. More variable features include hypothyroidism, autoimmune arthritis, and delayed puberty. Some patients may show recurrent infections. The disorder results from an inborn error of cytokine signaling (summary by Flanagan et al., 2014 and Milner et al., 2015).
Genetic Heterogeneity of Infantile-Onset Multisystem Autoimmune Disease
See also ADMIO2 (617006), caused by mutation in the ZAP70 gene (176947) on chromosome 2q12, and ADMIO3 (620430), caused by mutation in the CBLB gene (604491) on chromosome 3q13.
Immunodeficiency 70- MedGen UID:
- 1740270
- •Concept ID:
- C5436501
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Immunodeficiency-70 (IMD70) is an autosomal dominant immunologic disorder characterized by severe cutaneous warts on the hands, feet, and face, suggesting increased susceptibility to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection. Affected individuals may also have recurrent bacterial infections, such as sinusitis, as well as feature of autoinflammation, such as colitis, celiac disease, and retinal vasculitis. Laboratory studies show decreased CD4+ T cells and decreased CD19+ B cells; hypogammaglobulinemia has also been observed (summary by Thaventhiran et al., 2020).
Growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with immune dysregulation 2, autosomal dominant- MedGen UID:
- 1723138
- •Concept ID:
- C5436546
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Autosomal dominant growth hormone insensitivity syndrome with immune dysregulation-2 (GHISID2) is a congenital disorder characterized by short stature due to insensitivity to growth hormone (GH1; 139250). Affected individuals usually have delayed bone age, delayed puberty, and decreased serum IGF1 (147440). Some patients may have features of mild immune dysregulation, such as eczema, increased serum IgE, asthma, or celiac disease (summary by Klammt et al., 2018).
Coffin-Siris syndrome 12- MedGen UID:
- 1782096
- •Concept ID:
- C5444111
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Coffin-Siris syndrome-12 (CSS12) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay with variably impaired intellectual development, speech and language delay, and behavioral abnormalities, such as autism or hyperactivity. Affected individuals may have hypotonia and poor feeding in infancy. There are variable dysmorphic facial features, although most patients do not have the classic hypoplastic fifth digit/nail abnormalities that are often observed in other forms of CSS (Barish et al., 2020).
For a general phenotypic description and a discussion of genetic heterogeneity of Coffin-Siris syndrome, see CSS1 (135900).
Autoinflammatory syndrome with immunodeficiency- MedGen UID:
- 1784363
- •Concept ID:
- C5543547
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Familial autoinflammatory syndrome with or without immunodeficiency (AISIMD) is characterized by onset of various autoimmune features usually in the first decades of life, although later onset has been reported. Typical features include autoimmune cytopenia, hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and lymphadenopathy. More variable features may include autoimmune thyroiditis, psoriasis or eczema, nephritis, hepatitis, and symptoms of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE; see 152700). Some patients may have recurrent infections or exacerbation of the disease with acute infection. Laboratory studies show variable findings, often decreased numbers of naive B cells, lymphopenia with skewed subsets, hypogammaglobulinemia, presence of autoantibodies, and a hyperinflammatory state. The disorder shows autosomal dominant inheritance with incomplete penetrance (summary by Hadjadj et al., 2020).
VISS syndrome- MedGen UID:
- 1794165
- •Concept ID:
- C5561955
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Loeys-Dietz syndrome (LDS) is characterized by vascular findings (cerebral, thoracic, and abdominal arterial aneurysms and/or dissections), skeletal manifestations (pectus excavatum or pectus carinatum, scoliosis, joint laxity, arachnodactyly, talipes equinovarus, and cervical spine malformation and/or instability), craniofacial features (hypertelorism, strabismus, bifid uvula / cleft palate, and craniosynostosis that can involve any sutures), and cutaneous findings (velvety and translucent skin, easy bruising, and dystrophic scars). Individuals with LDS are predisposed to widespread and aggressive arterial aneurysms and pregnancy-related complications including uterine rupture and death. Individuals with LDS can show a strong predisposition for allergic/inflammatory disease including asthma, eczema, and reactions to food or environmental allergens. There is also an increased incidence of gastrointestinal inflammation including eosinophilic esophagitis and gastritis or inflammatory bowel disease. Wide variation in the distribution and severity of clinical features can be seen in individuals with LDS, even among affected individuals within a family who have the same pathogenic variant.
Immunodeficiency 113 with autoimmunity and autoinflammation- MedGen UID:
- 1851770
- •Concept ID:
- C5882711
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Immunodeficiency-113 with autoimmunity and autoinflammation (IMD113) is an autosomal recessive complex immunologic disorder with onset of symptoms in infancy. Affected individuals have recurrent infections and usually show features of autoimmunity and autoinflammation, such as hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, leukocytosis, neutrophilia, and elevated acute phase reactants. More variable systemic features may include celiac disease or enteropathy, ileus, nephropathy, eczema, and dermatomyositis. Additional features include facial dysmorphism, scoliosis, and poor wound healing. One patient with neurodevelopmental abnormalities has been reported. The disorder results from dysregulation of the actin cytoskeleton that affects certain cell lineages (Nunes-Santos et al., 2023).
Autoinflammation with arthritis and vasculitis- MedGen UID:
- 1855512
- •Concept ID:
- C5935634
- •
- Disease or Syndrome
Autoinflammation with arthritis and vasculitis (AIARV) is an autosomal recessive complex immunologic disorder with onset of symptoms in infancy or early childhood. Affected individuals have recurrent fever, erythematous skin rashes, vasculitis, oral aphthous lesions, and polyarthritis. Laboratory studies are consistent with an inflammatory state. Although patients may have recurrent infections, the infections are not severe. Additional features may include poor overall growth, microcytic anemia, mildly impaired intellectual development, seizures, and variable brain imaging abnormalities. Treatment with TNF (191160) inhibitors may result in clinical improvement (Taft et al., 2021).