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. 2012 Mar;23(3):301-7.
doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02184.x. Epub 2011 Apr 15.

Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro

A Almaguer-Flores  1 , R Olivares-Navarrete, M Wieland, L A Ximénez-Fyvie, Z Schwartz, B D Boyan
Affiliations

Influence of topography and hydrophilicity on initial oral biofilm formation on microstructured titanium surfaces in vitro

A Almaguer-Flores et al. Clin Oral Implants Res. 2012 Mar.

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyse the influence of the microtopography and hydrophilicity of titanium (Ti) substrates on initial oral biofilm formation.

Materials and methods: Nine bacterial species belonging to the normal oral microbiota, including: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Actinomyces israelii, Campylobacter rectus, Eikenella corrodens, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Parvimonas micra, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Streptococcus sanguinis were tested on Ti surfaces: pretreatment (PT [R(a) <0.2 μm]), acid-etched (A [R(a) <0.8 μm]), A modified to be hydrophilic (modA), sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA [R(a) =4 μm]), and hydrophilic SLA (modSLA). Disks were incubated for 24 h in anaerobic conditions using a normal culture medium (CM) or human saliva (HS). The total counts of bacteria and the proportion of each bacterial species were analysed by checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization.

Results: Higher counts of bacteria were observed on all surfaces incubated with CM compared with the samples incubated with HS. PT, SLA, and modSLA exhibited higher numbers of attached bacteria in CM, whereas SLA and modSLA had a significant increase in bacterial adhesion in HS. The proportion of the species in the initial biofilms was also influenced by the surface properties and the media used: SLA and modSLA increased the proportion of species like A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. sanguinis in both media, while the adhesion of A. israelii and P. gingivalis on the same surfaces was affected in the presence of saliva.

Conclusions: The initial biofilm formation and composition were affected by the microtopography and hydrophilicity of the surface and by the media used.

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Figures

Fig. 1
Fig. 1
Total bacterial counts (bacterial counts/ml × 106) on PT, A, modA, SLA, and modSLA surfaces after 24 h of anaerobic incubation in culture medium (CM) or human saliva (HS). *P<0.05, vs. PT for CM or HS; # P<0.05, vs. A or modA for CM or HS. PT, pretreatment; A, acid-etched; modA, A modified to be hydrophilic; SLA, sand-blasted/acid-etched; modSLA, hydrophilic SLA.
Fig. 2
Fig. 2
Scanning electron micrographs of biofilms formed on PT, A, modA, SLA, and modSLA surfaces. Biofilms were grown in culture medium (CM) or human saliva (HS). Scale bar represents 2 μm. PT, pretreatment; A, acid-etched; modA, A modified to be hydrophilic; SLA, sand-blasted/acid-etched; modSLA, hydrophilic SLA.
Fig. 3
Fig. 3
Proportion of the bacterial strains in the initial biofilms formed on pretreatment (PT ), A, modA, SLA, and modSLA surfaces using culture medium (CM) or human saliva (HS). PT, pretreatment; A, acid-etched; modA, A modified to be hydrophilic; SLA, sand-blasted/acid-etched; modSLA, hydrophilic SLA.
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