dbSNP Short Genetic Variations
Welcome to the Reference SNP (rs) Report
All alleles are reported in the Forward orientation. Click on the Variant Details tab for details on Genomic Placement, Gene, and Amino Acid changes. HGVS names are in the HGVS tab.
Reference SNP (rs) Report
This page reports data for a single dbSNP Reference SNP variation (RefSNP or rs) from the new redesigned dbSNP build.
Top of the page reports a concise summary for the rs, with more specific details included in the corresponding tabs below.
All alleles are reported in the Forward orientation. Use the Genomic View to inspect the nucleotides flanking the variant, and its neighbors.
For more information see Help documentation.
rs112445441
Current Build 157
Released September 3, 2024
- Organism
- Homo sapiens
- Position
-
chr12:25245347 (GRCh38.p14) Help
The anchor position for this RefSNP. Includes all nucleotides potentially affected by this change, thus it can differ from HGVS, which is right-shifted. See here for details.
- Alleles
- C>A / C>G / C>T
- Variation Type
- SNV Single Nucleotide Variation
- Frequency
-
T=0.0000014 (2/1400292, GnomAD_exomes)T=0.000020 (3/149168, GnomAD_genomes)T=0.00000 (0/11862, ALFA)
- Clinical Significance
- Reported in ClinVar
- Gene : Consequence
- KRAS : Missense Variant
- Publications
- 40 citations
- Genomic View
- See rs on genome
ALFA Allele Frequency
The ALFA project provide aggregate allele frequency from dbGaP. More information is available on the project page including descriptions, data access, and terms of use.
| Population | Group | Sample Size | Ref Allele | Alt Allele | Ref HMOZ | Alt HMOZ | HTRZ | HWEP |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Global | 11862 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| European | Sub | 7618 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| African | Sub | 2816 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| African Others | Sub | 108 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| African American | Sub | 2708 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| Asian | Sub | 108 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| East Asian | Sub | 84 | C=1.00 | T=0.00 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| Other Asian | Sub | 24 | C=1.00 | T=0.00 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| Latin American 1 | Sub | 146 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| Latin American 2 | Sub | 610 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| South Asian | Sub | 94 | C=1.00 | T=0.00 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
| Other | Sub | 470 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.0 | N/A |
Frequency tab displays a table of the reference and alternate allele frequencies reported by various studies and populations. Table lines, where Population="Global" refer to the entire study population, whereas lines, where Group="Sub", refer to a study-specific population subgroupings (i.e. AFR, CAU, etc.), if available. Frequency for the alternate allele (Alt Allele) is a ratio of samples observed-to-total, where the numerator (observed samples) is the number of chromosomes in the study with the minor allele present (found in "Sample size", where Group="Sub"), and the denominator (total samples) is the total number of all chromosomes in the study for the variant (found in "Sample size", where Group="Study-wide" and Population="Global").
Download| Study | Population | Group | Sample Size | Ref Allele | Alt Allele |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | Global | Study-wide | 1400292 | C=0.9999986 | T=0.0000014 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | European | Sub | 1164708 | C=0.9999983 | T=0.0000017 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | South Asian | Sub | 85972 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | American | Sub | 44658 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | East Asian | Sub | 39666 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | African | Sub | 33466 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | Ashkenazi Jewish | Sub | 26054 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Exomes | Middle Eastern | sub | 5768 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | Global | Study-wide | 149168 | C=0.999980 | T=0.000020 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | European | Sub | 78644 | C=0.99996 | T=0.00004 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | African | Sub | 41430 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | American | Sub | 15280 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | East Asian | Sub | 5202 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | South Asian | Sub | 4824 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | Ashkenazi Jewish | Sub | 3472 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 |
| gnomAD v4 - Genomes | Middle Eastern | sub | 316 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | Total | Global | 11862 | C=1.00000 | T=0.00000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | European | Sub | 7618 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | African | Sub | 2816 | C=1.0000 | T=0.0000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | Latin American 2 | Sub | 610 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | Other | Sub | 470 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | Latin American 1 | Sub | 146 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | Asian | Sub | 108 | C=1.000 | T=0.000 |
| Allele Frequency Aggregator | South Asian | Sub | 94 | C=1.00 | T=0.00 |
Variant Details tab shows known variant placements on genomic sequences: chromosomes (NC_), RefSeqGene, pseudogenes or genomic regions (NG_), and in a separate table: on transcripts (NM_) and protein sequences (NP_). The corresponding transcript and protein locations are listed in adjacent lines, along with molecular consequences from Sequence Ontology. When no protein placement is available, only the transcript is listed. Column "Codon[Amino acid]" shows the actual base change in the format of "Reference > Alternate" allele, including the nucleotide codon change in transcripts, and the amino acid change in proteins, respectively, allowing for known ribosomal slippage sites. To view nucleotides adjacent to the variant use the Genomic View at the bottom of the page - zoom into the sequence until the nucleotides around the variant become visible.
| Sequence name | Change |
|---|---|
| GRCh38.p14 chr 12 | NC_000012.12:g.25245347C>A |
| GRCh38.p14 chr 12 | NC_000012.12:g.25245347C>G |
| GRCh38.p14 chr 12 | NC_000012.12:g.25245347C>T |
| GRCh37.p13 chr 12 | NC_000012.11:g.25398281C>A |
| GRCh37.p13 chr 12 | NC_000012.11:g.25398281C>G |
| GRCh37.p13 chr 12 | NC_000012.11:g.25398281C>T |
| KRAS RefSeqGene (LRG_344) | NG_007524.2:g.10657G>T |
| KRAS RefSeqGene (LRG_344) | NG_007524.2:g.10657G>C |
| KRAS RefSeqGene (LRG_344) | NG_007524.2:g.10657G>A |
| Molecule type | Change | Amino acid[Codon] | SO Term |
|---|---|---|---|
| KRAS transcript variant b | NM_004985.5:c.38G>T | G [GGC] > V [GTC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13Val | G (Gly) > V (Val) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant b | NM_004985.5:c.38G>C | G [GGC] > A [GCC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13Ala | G (Gly) > A (Ala) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant b | NM_004985.5:c.38G>A | G [GGC] > D [GAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13Asp | G (Gly) > D (Asp) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant a | NM_033360.4:c.38G>T | G [GGC] > V [GTC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13Val | G (Gly) > V (Val) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant a | NM_033360.4:c.38G>C | G [GGC] > A [GCC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13Ala | G (Gly) > A (Ala) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant a | NM_033360.4:c.38G>A | G [GGC] > D [GAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13Asp | G (Gly) > D (Asp) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant d | NM_001369787.1:c.38G>T | G [GGC] > V [GTC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13Val | G (Gly) > V (Val) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant d | NM_001369787.1:c.38G>C | G [GGC] > A [GCC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13Ala | G (Gly) > A (Ala) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant d | NM_001369787.1:c.38G>A | G [GGC] > D [GAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13Asp | G (Gly) > D (Asp) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant c | NM_001369786.1:c.38G>T | G [GGC] > V [GTC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13Val | G (Gly) > V (Val) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant c | NM_001369786.1:c.38G>C | G [GGC] > A [GCC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13Ala | G (Gly) > A (Ala) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant c | NM_001369786.1:c.38G>A | G [GGC] > D [GAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13Asp | G (Gly) > D (Asp) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant X1 | XM_047428826.1:c.38G>T | G [GGC] > V [GTC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform X1 | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13Val | G (Gly) > V (Val) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant X1 | XM_047428826.1:c.38G>C | G [GGC] > A [GCC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform X1 | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13Ala | G (Gly) > A (Ala) | Missense Variant |
| KRAS transcript variant X1 | XM_047428826.1:c.38G>A | G [GGC] > D [GAC] | Coding Sequence Variant |
| GTPase KRas isoform X1 | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13Asp | G (Gly) > D (Asp) | Missense Variant |
Clinical Significance tab shows a list of clinical significance entries from ClinVar associated with the variation, per allele. Click on the RCV accession (i.e. RCV000001615.2) or Allele ID (i.e. 12274) to access full ClinVar report.
| ClinVar Accession | Disease Names | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| RCV000038270.13 | Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Pathogenic |
| RCV000422238.9 | Thyroid tumor | Likely-Pathogenic |
| RCV000439931.9 | Neoplasm of the large intestine | Pathogenic |
| RCV001355269.10 | not provided | Pathogenic |
| ClinVar Accession | Disease Names | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| RCV000431622.1 | Neoplasm of the large intestine | Pathogenic |
| RCV000444986.1 | Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Pathogenic |
| ClinVar Accession | Disease Names | Clinical Significance |
|---|---|---|
| RCV000013409.11 | Breast adenocarcinoma | Pathogenic |
| RCV000038269.7 | Non-small cell lung carcinoma | Pathogenic |
| RCV000144967.9 | Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia | Pathogenic |
| RCV000144968.9 | Autoimmune lymphoproliferative syndrome type 4 | Pathogenic |
| RCV000421576.2 | Neoplasm of the large intestine | Pathogenic |
| RCV000427102.2 | Thyroid tumor | Pathogenic |
| RCV000431806.2 | Acute myeloid leukemia | Likely-Pathogenic |
| RCV000444192.2 | Ovarian neoplasm | Pathogenic |
| RCV000791297.4 | OCULOECTODERMAL SYNDROME, SOMATIC | Pathogenic |
| RCV001092389.28 | not provided | Pathogenic |
| RCV001266168.3 | Inborn genetic diseases | Pathogenic |
| RCV001526657.3 | Nevus sebaceous | Pathogenic |
| RCV001813183.4 | Noonan syndrome and Noonan-related syndrome | Uncertain-Significance |
| RCV001839444.3 | Encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis | Not-Provided |
| RCV001857340.4 | RASopathy | Pathogenic |
| RCV004549358.1 | KRAS-related disorder | Pathogenic |
Aliases tab displays HGVS names representing the variant placements and allele changes on genomic, transcript and protein sequences, per allele. HGVS name is an expression for reporting sequence accession and version, sequence type, position, and allele change. The column "Note" can have two values: "diff" means that there is a difference between the reference allele (variation interval) at the placement reported in HGVS name and the reference alleles reported in other HGVS names, and "rev" means that the sequence of this variation interval at the placement reported in HGVS name is in reverse orientation to the sequence(s) of this variation in other HGVS names not labeled as "rev".
| Placement | C= | A | G | T |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| GRCh38.p14 chr 12 | NC_000012.12:g.25245347= | NC_000012.12:g.25245347C>A | NC_000012.12:g.25245347C>G | NC_000012.12:g.25245347C>T |
| GRCh37.p13 chr 12 | NC_000012.11:g.25398281= | NC_000012.11:g.25398281C>A | NC_000012.11:g.25398281C>G | NC_000012.11:g.25398281C>T |
| KRAS RefSeqGene (LRG_344) | NG_007524.2:g.10657= | NG_007524.2:g.10657G>T | NG_007524.2:g.10657G>C | NG_007524.2:g.10657G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant b | NM_004985.5:c.38= | NM_004985.5:c.38G>T | NM_004985.5:c.38G>C | NM_004985.5:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant b | NM_004985.4:c.38= | NM_004985.4:c.38G>T | NM_004985.4:c.38G>C | NM_004985.4:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant b | NM_004985.3:c.38= | NM_004985.3:c.38G>T | NM_004985.3:c.38G>C | NM_004985.3:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant a | NM_033360.4:c.38= | NM_033360.4:c.38G>T | NM_033360.4:c.38G>C | NM_033360.4:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant a | NM_033360.3:c.38= | NM_033360.3:c.38G>T | NM_033360.3:c.38G>C | NM_033360.3:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant a | NM_033360.2:c.38= | NM_033360.2:c.38G>T | NM_033360.2:c.38G>C | NM_033360.2:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant c | NM_001369786.1:c.38= | NM_001369786.1:c.38G>T | NM_001369786.1:c.38G>C | NM_001369786.1:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant d | NM_001369787.1:c.38= | NM_001369787.1:c.38G>T | NM_001369787.1:c.38G>C | NM_001369787.1:c.38G>A |
| KRAS transcript variant X1 | XM_047428826.1:c.38= | XM_047428826.1:c.38G>T | XM_047428826.1:c.38G>C | XM_047428826.1:c.38G>A |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13= | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13Val | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13Ala | NP_004976.2:p.Gly13Asp |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13= | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13Val | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13Ala | NP_203524.1:p.Gly13Asp |
| GTPase KRas isoform a | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13= | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13Val | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13Ala | NP_001356715.1:p.Gly13Asp |
| GTPase KRas isoform b | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13= | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13Val | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13Ala | NP_001356716.1:p.Gly13Asp |
| GTPase KRas isoform X1 | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13= | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13Val | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13Ala | XP_047284782.1:p.Gly13Asp |
Submissions tab displays variations originally submitted to dbSNP, now supporting this RefSNP cluster (rs). We display Submitter handle, Submission identifier, Date and Build number, when the submission appeared for the first time. Direct submissions to dbSNP have Submission ID in the form of an ss-prefixed number (ss#). Other supporting variations are listed in the table without ss#.
| No | Submitter | Submission ID | Date (Build) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | MPIMG-CANCERGENOMICS | ss218178530 | Jul 04, 2010 (132) |
| 2 | DF-BWCC | ss275515419 | Nov 22, 2010 (133) |
| 3 | DF-BWCC | ss275515421 | Nov 22, 2010 (133) |
| 4 | DF-BWCC | ss275515424 | Nov 22, 2010 (133) |
| 5 | OMIM-CURATED-RECORDS | ss275518590 | Dec 08, 2010 (133) |
| 6 | GNOMAD | ss2739690343 | Nov 08, 2017 (151) |
| 7 | GNOMAD | ss6446343757 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 8 | GNOMAD | ss6904380660 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 9 | CSS-BFX | ss8442109681 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 10 | CSS-BFX | ss8442109682 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 11 | CSS-BFX | ss8442109683 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 12 | EVA | ss8623898439 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 13 | EVA | ss8936100291 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 14 | EVA | ss8981470286 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 15 | EVA | ss8981755492 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 16 | gnomAD v4 - Exomes | NC_000012.12 - 25245347 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 17 | gnomAD v4 - Genomes | NC_000012.12 - 25245347 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 18 | ALFA | NC_000012.12 - 25245347 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 19 | ClinVar | RCV000013409.11 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 20 | ClinVar | RCV000038269.7 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 21 | ClinVar | RCV000038270.13 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 22 | ClinVar | RCV000144967.9 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 23 | ClinVar | RCV000144968.9 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 24 | ClinVar | RCV000421576.2 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 25 | ClinVar | RCV000422238.9 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 26 | ClinVar | RCV000427102.2 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 27 | ClinVar | RCV000431622.1 | Oct 12, 2018 (152) |
| 28 | ClinVar | RCV000431806.2 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 29 | ClinVar | RCV000439931.9 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 30 | ClinVar | RCV000444192.2 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 31 | ClinVar | RCV000444986.1 | Oct 12, 2018 (152) |
| 32 | ClinVar | RCV000791297.4 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 33 | ClinVar | RCV001092389.28 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 34 | ClinVar | RCV001266168.3 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 35 | ClinVar | RCV001355269.10 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 36 | ClinVar | RCV001526657.3 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 37 | ClinVar | RCV001813183.4 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 38 | ClinVar | RCV001839444.3 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 39 | ClinVar | RCV001857340.4 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
| 40 | ClinVar | RCV004549358.1 | Nov 04, 2024 (157) |
History tab displays RefSNPs (Associated ID) from previous builds (Build) that now support the current RefSNP, and the dates, when the history was updated for each Associated ID (History Updated).
| Submission IDs | Observation SPDI | Canonical SPDI | Source RSIDs |
|---|---|---|---|
| ss8442109681, ss8936100291 | NC_000012.11:25398280:C:A | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:A | (self) |
| RCV000038270.13, RCV000422238.9, RCV000439931.9, RCV001355269.10, ss275515424 | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:A | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:A | (self) |
| ss8442109682, ss8936100291 | NC_000012.11:25398280:C:G | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:G | (self) |
| RCV000431622.1, RCV000444986.1, ss275515419 | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:G | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:G | (self) |
| ss2739690343, ss8442109683, ss8623898439, ss8936100291, ss8981470286, ss8981755492 | NC_000012.11:25398280:C:T | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:T | (self) |
| RCV000013409.11, RCV000038269.7, RCV000144967.9, RCV000144968.9, RCV000421576.2, RCV000427102.2, RCV000431806.2, RCV000444192.2, RCV000791297.4, RCV001092389.28, RCV001266168.3, RCV001526657.3, RCV001813183.4, RCV001839444.3, RCV001857340.4, RCV004549358.1, 41670264, 431627445, 11034271252, ss275515421, ss275518590, ss6446343757, ss6904380660 | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:T | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:T | (self) |
| ss218178530 | NT_009714.17:18158404:C:T | NC_000012.12:25245346:C:T | (self) |
Publications tab displays PubMed articles citing the variation as a listing of PMID, Title, Author, Year, Journal, ordered by Year, descending.
| PMID | Title | Author | Year | Journal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2278970 | RAS gene mutations in childhood acute myeloid leukemia: a Pediatric Oncology Group study. | Vogelstein B et al. | 1990 | Genes, chromosomes & cancer |
| 3122217 | RAS gene mutations in acute and chronic myelocytic leukemias, chronic myeloproliferative disorders, and myelodysplastic syndromes. | Janssen JW et al. | 1987 | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
| 3627975 | The human c-Kirsten ras gene is activated by a novel mutation in codon 13 in the breast carcinoma cell line MDA-MB231. | Kozma SC et al. | 1987 | Nucleic acids research |
| 12460918 | BRAF and RAS mutations in human lung cancer and melanoma. | Brose MS et al. | 2002 | Cancer research |
| 15696205 | KRAS mutations and primary resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib. | Pao W et al. | 2005 | PLoS medicine |
| 16361624 | Randomized phase II trial of the clinical and biological effects of two dose levels of gefitinib in patients with recurrent colorectal adenocarcinoma. | Rothenberg ML et al. | 2005 | Journal of clinical oncology |
| 16434492 | Implications of NRAS mutations in AML: a study of 2502 patients. | Bacher U et al. | 2006 | Blood |
| 16618717 | KRAS mutation status is predictive of response to cetuximab therapy in colorectal cancer. | Lièvre A et al. | 2006 | Cancer research |
| 17332249 | Spontaneous improvement of hematologic abnormalities in patients having juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia with specific RAS mutations. | Matsuda K et al. | 2007 | Blood |
| 17384584 | Hyperactive Ras in developmental disorders and cancer. | Schubbert S et al. | 2007 | Nature reviews. Cancer |
| 18316791 | Wild-type KRAS is required for panitumumab efficacy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. | Amado RG et al. | 2008 | Journal of clinical oncology |
| 18794081 | Frequency and distinctive spectrum of KRAS mutations in never smokers with lung adenocarcinoma. | Riely GJ et al. | 2008 | Clinical cancer research |
| 19018267 | KRAS or BRAF mutation status is a useful predictor of sensitivity to MEK inhibition in ovarian cancer. | Nakayama N et al. | 2008 | British journal of cancer |
| 19075190 | High-throughput sequencing screen reveals novel, transforming RAS mutations in myeloid leukemia patients. | Tyner JW et al. | 2009 | Blood |
| 19114683 | Fluorouracil, leucovorin, and oxaliplatin with and without cetuximab in the first-line treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer. | Bokemeyer C et al. | 2009 | Journal of clinical oncology |
| 19255327 | Phase II trial of sorafenib in metastatic thyroid cancer. | Kloos RT et al. | 2009 | Journal of clinical oncology |
| 19679400 | Frequency and type of KRAS mutations in routine diagnostic analysis of metastatic colorectal cancer. | Neumann J et al. | 2009 | Pathology, research and practice |
| 19773371 | Beneficial effects of sorafenib on tumor progression, but not on radioiodine uptake, in patients with differentiated thyroid carcinoma. | Hoftijzer H et al. | 2009 | European journal of endocrinology |
| 19794967 | Clinical implications of KRAS mutations in lung cancer patients treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: an important role for mutations in minor clones. | Marchetti A et al. | 2009 | Neoplasia (New York, N.Y.) |
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The Flanks tab provides retrieving flanking sequences of a SNP on all molecules that have placements.
Genomic regions, transcripts, and products
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NCBI Graphical Sequence Viewer display of the genomic region, transcripts and protein products for the reported RefSNP (rs).
Use the zoom option to view the nucleotides around the RefSNP and find other neighboring RefSNPs.
Visit Sequence Viewer for help with navigating inside the display and modifying the selection of displayed data tracks.
NCBI Graphical Sequence Viewer display of the genomic region, transcripts and protein products for the reported RefSNP (rs).
Use the zoom option to view the nucleotides around the RefSNP and find other neighboring RefSNPs.
Visit Sequence Viewer for help with navigating inside the display and modifying the selection of displayed data tracks.