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. 2021 Jul 19;7(7):e07625.
doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e07625. eCollection 2021 Jul.

Composition of tropical agricultural landscape alters the structure of host-parasitoid food webs

Tazkiyatul Syahidah  1 , Akhmad Rizali  2 , Lilik Budi Prasetyo  3 , Pudjianto  1 , Damayanti Buchori  1   4
Affiliations

Composition of tropical agricultural landscape alters the structure of host-parasitoid food webs

Tazkiyatul Syahidah et al. Heliyon. .

Abstract

Land-use change and habitat fragmentation are well-known to affect host-parasitoid interactions. However, the study of the effects of landscape composition, as a result of habitat fragmentation, on host-parasitoid food webs is still limited especially in a tropical agricultural landscape. This research was aimed to study the effect of agricultural landscape composition on the structure of host-parasitoid food webs. Field research was conducted in sixteen long-bean fields located in Bogor Regency, West Java, Indonesia. In each long-bean field, sampling of insect pests and their parasitoids was carried out using direct observation within a plot size of 25 m × 50 m. The collected insects were brought to the laboratory for rearing and observed for emerging parasitoids. Landscape composition of each long-bean field was measured by digitizing the whole patch within a radius of 500 m from the long-bean field as a center of landscape, and landscape parameters were then quantified by focusing on number of patches and class area of both semi-natural habitats and crop fields. In total, we found 51 morphospecies of insect pests and 110 morphospecies of associated parasitoids from all research locations. Lepidopteran pests are the most abundant and species-rich with 35 morphospecies and with 76 morphospecies of parasitoids. Based on the generalized linear models, landscape composition especially class area of natural habitat and crop field showed a positive relationship with host-parasitoid food-web structure especially on connectance and compartment diversity. In conclusion, landscape composition contributes to shaping the host-parasitoid food-webs in a tropical agricultural landscape.

Keywords: Bogor; Landscape metric; Lepidopteran pest; Semi-natural habitat.

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Conflict of interest statement

The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Distribution of study sites located across Bogor Regency in West Java, Indonesia. The numbers indicate the location code: 1: Bojong, 2: Bojongjengkol, 3: Cemplang, 4: Ciangsana, 5: Ciawi, 6: Cibanteng, 7: Cibatok, 8: Cibeureum, 9: Cihideungudik, 10: Cikarawang, 11: Cimanggu, 12: Ciomas, 13: Laladon, 14: Nambo, 15: Petir, 16: Tapos.
Figure 2
Figure 2
Landscape composition of study sites. Site codes are based on Figure 1 and depicted in order of increasing semi-natural habitat (dark green) land cover. Other major land cover classes include cropland (light green), settlement (red), and open area (grey). Other land cover (light brown) consisted of water body and street.
Figure 3
Figure 3
Trophic interactions between insect pests (lower bars) and their parasitoids (upper bars) were recorded from sixteen long-bean fields in Bogor. (a) all insect pests and their parasitoids, (b) lepidopteran pests and their parasitoids, and (c) hemipteran pests and their parasitoids. Parasitoids: p001: Tachinidae sp01, p002: Tachinidae sp02, p003: Tachinidae sp03, p004: Aphelinidae sp01, p005: Aphelinidae sp02, p006: Aphelinidae sp03, p007: Aphelinidae sp04, p008: Braconidae sp01, p009: Braconidae sp02, p010: Braconidae sp03, p011: Braconidae sp04, p012: Braconidae sp05, p013: Braconidae sp06, p014: Braconidae sp07, p015: Braconidae sp08, p016: Braconidae sp09, p017: Braconidae sp10, p018: Braconidae sp11, p019: Braconidae sp13, p020: Braconidae sp14, p021: Braconidae sp15, p022: Microplitis manilae, p023: Therobillus marucae, p024: Chalcididae sp01, p025: Chalcididae sp02, p026: Elasmidae sp01, p027: Elasmidae sp02, p028: Elasmidae sp03, p029: Elasmidae sp04, p030: Encyrtidae sp01, p031: Encyrtidae sp02, p032: Encyrtidae sp03, p033: Encyrtidae sp04, p034: Encyrtidae sp05, p035: Encyrtidae sp06, p036: Encyrtidae sp07, p037: Encyrtidae sp08, p038: Encyrtidae sp09, p039: Encyrtidae sp10, p040: Eucoilidae sp01, p041: Eulophidae sp01, p042: Eulophidae sp02, p043: Eulophidae sp03, p044: Eulophidae sp04, p045: Eulophidae sp05, p046: Eulophidae sp06, p047: Eulophidae sp07, p048: Eulophidae sp08, p049: Eulophidae sp09, p050: Eulophidae sp10, p051: Eulophidae sp11, p052: Eulophidae sp12, p053: Eulophidae sp13, p054: Eulophidae sp15, p055: Eulophidae sp16, p056: Eulophidae sp18, p057: Eulophidae sp19, p058: Eulophidae sp20, p059: Eulophidae sp21, p060: Eulophidae sp22, p061: Eulophidae sp23, p062: Eulophidae sp25, p063: Eulophidae sp26, p064: Neochrysocharis formosa, p065: Quadrastichus liriomyza, p066: Eupelmidae sp01, p067: Eupelmidae sp03, p068: Hymenoptera sp01, p069: Hymenoptera sp10, p070: Hymenoptera sp20, p071: Ichneumonidae sp02, p072: Ichneumonidae sp03, p073: Ichneumonidae sp04, p074: Ichneumonidae sp05, p075: Ichneumonidae sp07, p076: Ichneumonidae sp09, p077: Ichneumonidae sp10, p078: Megaspilidae sp01, p079: Megaspilidae sp02, p080: Mymaridae sp01, p081: Mymaridae sp02, p082: Mymaridae sp03, p083: Mymaridae sp04, p084: Mymaridae sp05, p085: Mymaridae sp06, p086: Mymaridae sp07, p087: Mymaridae sp08, p088: Mymaridae sp09, p089: Platygastridae sp01, p090: Platygastridae sp02, p091: Platygastridae sp03, p092: Platygastridae sp04, p093: Pteromalidae sp01, p094: Scelionidae sp01, p095: Scelionidae sp02, p096: Scelionidae sp03, p097: Scelionidae sp04, p098: Scelionidae sp05, p099: Scelionidae sp06, p100: Scelionidae sp07, p101: Torymidae sp01, p102: Torymidae sp02, p103: Trichogrammatidae sp01, p104: Trichogrammatidae sp02, p105: Trichogrammatidae sp03, p106: Trichogrammatidae sp04, p107: Trichogrammatidae sp05, p108: Trichogrammatidae sp06, p109: Trichogrammatidae sp07, p110: Trichogrammatidae sp10. Insect pests: h01: Coccinellidae sp1, h02: Agromyzidae sp2, h03: Drosophilidae sp1, h04: Liriomyza sp, h05: Phytomyza sp, h06: Syrphidae sp1, h07: Aleyrodidae sp1, h08: Alydidae sp1, h09: Aphis craccivora, h10: Aphis gossypii, h11: Coreidae sp1, h12: Empoasca sp, h13: Nezara viridula, h14: Penacoccus sp1, h15: Pentatomidae sp2, h16: Pseudococcidae sp1, h17: Arctiidae sp1, h18: Chrysodeixis chalcities, h19: Crambidae sp1, h20: Crambidae sp2, h21: Diapania indica, h22: Doleschallia bisaltide, h23: Geometridae sp1, h24: Geometridae sp2, h25: Geometridae sp3, h26: Geometridae sp4, h27: Hesperiidae sp1, h28: Hesperiidae sp2, h29: Lycaenidae sp1, h30: Lycaenidae sp2, h31: Lymantridae sp1, h32: Lymantridae sp2, h33: Lymantridae sp3, h34: Lymantridae sp5, h35: Maruca vitrata, h36: Microlepidoptera sp1, h37: Microlepidoptera sp2, h38: Noctuidae sp2, h39: Noctuidae sp3, h40: Noctuidae sp4, h41: Psychidae sp1, h42: Psychidae sp2, h43: Pyralidae sp1, h44: Pyralidae sp2, h45: Pyralidae sp3, h46: Pyralidae sp4, h47: Satyridae sp1, h48: Sphingidae sp1, h49: Spodoptera exigua, h50: Spodoptera litura, h51: Totricidae sp1, h52: Unidentified.
Figure 4
Figure 4
Relationship between food-web structure and landscape composition. (a) connectance and class area of crop (CA.crop) (R2 = 0.285, P = 0.033), and (b) compartment diversity and class area of natural habitat (CA.nat) (R2 = 0.278, P = 0.036).
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