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Review
. 2016:2016:8962321.
doi: 10.1155/2016/8962321. Epub 2016 Jan 28.

Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management

Qiubo Zhang  1 , Linjuan Zeng  2 , Yinting Chen  3 , Guoda Lian  3 , Chenchen Qian  3 , Shaojie Chen  3 , Jiajia Li  3 , Kaihong Huang  3
Affiliations
Review

Pancreatic Cancer Epidemiology, Detection, and Management

Qiubo Zhang et al. Gastroenterol Res Pract. 2016.

Abstract

PC (pancreatic cancer) is the fourth most common cause of death due to cancer worldwide. The incidence and mortality rates have been increasing year by year worldwide, and this review has analyzed the most recent incidence and mortality data for pancreatic cancer occurrence in China. Several possible risk factors have been discussed here, involving known established risk factors and novel possible risk factors. The development of this cancer is a stepwise progression through intraepithelial neoplasia to carcinoma. Though early and accurate diagnosis is promising based on a combination of recent techniques including tumor markers and imaging modalities, lacking early clinical symptoms makes the diagnosis late. Correct staging is critical because treatment is generally based on this parameter. Treatment options have improved throughout the last decades. However, surgical excision remains the primary therapy and efficacy of conventional chemoradiotherapy for PC is limited. Recently, some novel new therapies have been developed and will be applied in clinics soon. This review will provide an overview of pancreatic cancer, including an understanding of the developments and controversies.

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Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1
Twenty leading cancer types for the new cases and deaths by sex, China, 2012. GLOBOCAN 2012 (IARC) (13.7.2014) [2].
Figure 2
Figure 2
Age-standardized incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer in males and females, China, 2012, from the International Agency for Research on Cancer. GLOBOCAN 2012 (IARC) (13.7.2014) [2].
Figure 3
Figure 3
Histological progression from normal pancreatic cells to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia [3]. (a) Model for histological progression from normal pancreatic cells to pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN). (b) Micrograph of normal pancreas, pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN), and pancreatic cancer (PC) [from Wikipedia]. Gradual transition from PanIN-1 to PanIN-3 was observed in a single duct. Haematoxylin and eosin stain.
Figure 4
Figure 4
The UICC (Union for International Cancer Control)/AJCC (American Joint Committee on Cancer) Staging System for PC.
See this image and copyright information in PMC

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