Skip to main page content
U.S. flag

An official website of the United States government

Dot gov

The .gov means it’s official.
Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site.

Https

The site is secure.
The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely.

Access keys NCBI Homepage MyNCBI Homepage Main Content Main Navigation
. 2012;7(8):e43254.
doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0043254. Epub 2012 Aug 27.

The limits of mean-field heterozygosity estimates under spatial extension in simulated plant populations

Affiliations

The limits of mean-field heterozygosity estimates under spatial extension in simulated plant populations

James L Kitchen et al. PLoS One. 2012.

Abstract

Computational models of evolutionary processes are increasingly required to incorporate multiple and diverse sources of data. A popular feature to include in population genetics models is spatial extension, which reflects more accurately natural populations than does a mean field approach. However, such models necessarily violate the mean field assumptions of classical population genetics, as do natural populations in the real world. Recently, it has been questioned whether classical approaches are truly applicable to the real world. Individual based models (IBM) are a powerful and versatile approach to achieve integration in models. In this study an IBM was used to examine how populations of plants deviate from classical expectations under spatial extension. Populations of plants that used three different mating strategies were placed in a range of arena sizes giving crowded to sparse occupation densities. Using a measure of population density, the pollen communication distance (P(cd)), the deviation exhibited by outbreeding populations differed from classical mean field expectations by less than 5% when P(cd) was less than 1, and over this threshold value the deviation significantly increased. Populations with an intermediate mating strategy did not have such a threshold and deviated directly with increasing isolation between individuals. Populations with a selfing strategy were influenced more by the mating strategy than by increased isolation. In all cases pollen dispersal was more influential than seed dispersal. The IBM model showed that mean field calculations can be reasonably applied to natural outbreeding plant populations that occur at a density in which individuals are less than the average pollen dispersal distance from their neighbors.

PubMed Disclaimer

Conflict of interest statement

Competing Interests: Robin Allaby is an Editorial Board Member of PLoS ONE. This does not alter the authors’ adherence to all the PLoS ONE policies on sharing data and materials.

Figures

Figure 1
Figure 1. Model screen shots of the different matrix sizes used in the study.
The void cells are in black with grey cells representing unoccupied non-void cells. The different colors of the individuals represent their different life-cycle stages, with red = seeds, green = vegetative and yellow = flowering/senescence.
Figure 2
Figure 2. Heterozygosity as a function of selfing probability.
Ho is plotted with the solid line and He using a dashed line. Simulations were repeated ten times. Error bars represent the standard error.
Figure 3
Figure 3. Heterozygosity as a function of matrix sizes.
Heterozygosity was plotted at Su = 0.001 (blue), Su = 0.1 (red) and Su = 0.9 (green). Ho is plotted with the solid line and He using a dashed line. Simulations were repeated ten times for each value of Su, with error bars representing the standard error.
Figure 4
Figure 4. Heterozygosity as a function of Pcd.
Heterozygosity was plotted at Su = 0.001 (blue), Su = 0.1 (red) and Su = 0.9 (green). Ho is plotted with the solid line and He using a dashed line. Simulations were repeated ten times for each value of Su, with error bars representing the standard error.
Figure 5
Figure 5. Heterozygosity as a function of Scd.
Heterozygosity was plotted at Su = 0.001 (blue), Su = 0.1 (red) and Su = 0.9 (green). Ho is plotted with the solid line and He using a dashed line. Simulations were repeated ten times for each value of Su, with error bars representing the standard error.

Similar articles

Cited by

References

    1. Allaby RG (2010) Integrating the processes in the evolutionary system of domestication. Journal of Experimental Botany 61: 935–944. - PubMed
    1. Hardy GH (1908) Mendelian proportions in a mixed population. Science 28 (706): 49–50. - PubMed
    1. Wright S (1943) Isolation by distance. Genetics 28: 114–138. - PMC - PubMed
    1. Mayr E (1978) Review of Modes of Speciation by MJD White. Syst. Zool. 27: 478–482.
    1. Templeton A (1980) The theory of speciation via the founder principle. Genetics 94: 1011–1038. - PMC - PubMed

Publication types

Grants and funding

This work is supported by the Leverhulme Trust F/00 215/BC. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.