Big ole score refactor (#815)

* WIP

* Create ScoreCalculator

This calculates all the factors for score L for now (with placeholder
formulae because this is a WIP). I think ideallly we'll want to
refactor all the score code to be extracted into this or  similar
classes.

* Add factor logic for score L

Updated factor logic to match score L factors methodology.
Still need to get the Score L field itself working.

Cleanup needed: Pull field names into constants file, extract all score
calculation into score calculator

* Update thresholds and get score L calc working

* Update header name for consistency and update comparison tool

* Initial move of score to score calculator

* WIP big refactor

* Continued WIP on score refactor

* WIP score refactor

* Get to a working score-run

* Refactor to pass df to score init

This makes it easier to pass df around within a class with multiple
methods that require df.

* Updates from Black

* Updates from linting

* Use named imports instead of wildcard; log more

* Additional refactors

* move more field names to field_names constants file
* import constants without a relative path (would break docker)
* run linting
* raise error if add_columns is not implemented in a child class

* Refactor dict to namedtuple in score c

* Update L to use all percentile field

* change high school ed field in L back

Co-authored-by: Shelby Switzer <shelby.switzer@cms.hhs.gov>

data/data-pipeline/data_pipeline/ipython/scoring_comparison.ipynb

@@ -279,7 +279,6 @@
     "\n",
     "# Define the indices used for CEJST scoring (`census_block_group_indices`) as well as comparison\n",
     "# (`census_tract_indices`).\n",
-    "\n",
     "definition_l_factors = [\n",
     "    \"Climate Factor (Definition L)\",\n",
     "    \"Energy Factor (Definition L)\",\n",
@@ -1496,7 +1495,7 @@
  ],
  "metadata": {
   "kernelspec": {
-   "display_name": "Python 3 (ipykernel)",
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
    "language": "python",
    "name": "python3"
   },
@@ -1510,7 +1509,7 @@
    "name": "python",
    "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
    "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
-   "version": "3.9.6"
+   "version": "3.9.5"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,