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<span><strong>Measure Testing</strong></span>
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<span>Measure Testing Process</span>
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<span>Overview</span>
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<span>Implement, Analyze, Refine &amp; Retest</span>
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<span>Measure Testing Summary</span>
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<span>Importance</span>
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<span>MUC Lists and Recommendation Reports</span>
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<span>Measure Submission to the CMS CBE</span>
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<span>The CMS CBE Endorsement Process</span>
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<span>Annual Update</span>
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<span>Early Maintenance Review</span>
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<a href="/measure-lifecycle/measure-use/maintenance/harmonization-during-maintenance">
<span>Harmonization during Measure Maintenance</span>
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<span><strong>Interested Party Engagement</strong></span>
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<span>Interested Party Engagement in the Measure Lifecycle</span>
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<a href="/measure-lifecycle/stakeholder-engagement/roles">
<span>Roles in Engagement</span>
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<a href="/measure-lifecycle/stakeholder-engagement/types">
<span>Types of Interested Party Engagement</span>
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<span>Supplemental Materials</span>
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<span>Educational Resources</span>
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<span>MMS Tools</span>
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<span>External Resources</span>
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<a href="https://mmshub.cms.gov/glossary">
<span>Glossary</span>
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<span><strong>Pre-Rulemaking Resources</strong></span>
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<span>Pre-Rulemaking Resources</span>
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<span><strong>Get Involved</strong></span>
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<span>How to Get Involved</span>
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<a href="/get-involved/technical-expert-panel/overview">
<span>Overview</span>
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<a href="/get-involved/technical-expert-panel/current">
<span>Current TEP Opportunities</span>
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<a href="/get-involved/technical-expert-panel/updates">
<span>Updates to Established TEPs</span>
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<span>Public Comments</span>
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<span>Overview</span>
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<a href="/get-involved/public-comments/current">
<span>Current Public Comment Opportunities</span>
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<a href="/get-involved/public-comments/summaries">
<span>Summaries of Past Public Comments</span>
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<span>Call for Measures</span>
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<a href="/get-involved/other-involvement">
<span>Other Types of Involvement</span>
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<span>News &amp; Events</span>
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<span>News By Month</span>
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<a href="/news-events/event-calendar">
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<a href="/measure-lifecycle/measure-specification/overview" class="usa-breadcrumb__link"><span>Measure Specification</span></a>
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<a href="/measure-lifecycle/measure-specification/specify-code/overview" class="usa-breadcrumb__link"><span>Specify The Code</span></a>
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<div class="views-row"><div class="views-field views-field-field-parent-title"><h1 class="field-content"><span class="glossify-exclude">Measure <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;Specifications&lt;/span&gt; are measure instructions addressing data elements, data sources, point of data collection, timing and frequency of data collection and reporting, specific instruments used (if appropriate), and implementation strategies.&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">Specification</abbr></span></h1></div></div>
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<div property="schema:text" class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p>Encoding refers to the use of <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;A code system is a managed collection of concepts with each concept represented by at least one internally unique code and a human-readable description (e.g., SNOMED CT).&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">code system</abbr> concepts to represent clinical information. Not all useful information in a clinical record is encoded. There is significant value in simply providing free text to support clinician-to-clinician information exchange, particularly if the free text is in specifically identified sections within the <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;electronic health record&lt;/span&gt; is also known as the electronic patient record, electronic medical record, or computerized patient record. As defined by the International Social Security Association, an &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;EHR&lt;/span&gt; is a “longitudinal electronic record of patient health information generated by one or more encounters in any care delivery setting. Included in this information are patient demographics, progress notes, problems, medications, vital signs, past medical history, immunizations, laboratory data, diagnoses and treatment, medications, allergies, immunizations as well as radiology images and laboratory results.” International Social Security Association. (n.d.). &lt;em&gt;Information and communication technology - Guideline 91. electronic health record system&lt;/em&gt;. Retrieved November 1, 2023, from&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://ww1.issa.int/guidelines/ict/180156&quot;&gt;https://ww1.issa.int/guidelines/ict/180156&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">electronic health record</abbr>. However, encoded content is critical to computable interoperability because it enables computer-based systems to find and operate upon data without human intervention.</p>
<p>Encoding also benefits clinical interoperability by enabling clinicians from one organization to understand the meaning of transmission of information from another organization. That is not to say that encoding results in perfect representation of clinical information such that no review or human analysis is necessary; encoding of the nuances in clinical care is fraught with difficulty and almost always requires compromises in precision.</p>
<p>The best approach for measure developers is to use data standards to reduce the number of mapping steps required. The <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;HL7 is a standards-developing organization providing a framework and standards for the exchange, integration, sharing, and retrieval of electronic health information supporting clinical practice and the management, delivery, and evaluation of health services.&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">Health Level Seven International</abbr>® Quality Improvement (QI)-Core Implementation Guide has <a href="https://build.fhir.org/ig/HL7/fhir-qi-core/qdm-to-qicore.html">mappings</a> from the datatypes and attributes in <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;The &lt;a href=&quot;https://ecqi.healthit.gov/qdm&quot;&gt;QDM&lt;/a&gt; is an information model defining relationships between patients and clinical concepts in a standardized format to enable electronic quality performance measurement. The model is the current structure for electronically representing quality measure concepts for interested parties involved in electronic quality measurement development and reporting. The &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;QDM&lt;/span&gt; provides the language defining the criteria for clinical quality measurement. It allows the electronic definition of a clinical concept via its data elements and provides the vocabulary to relate them to each other. By relating attributes between data elements and using filtering functions, the &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;QDM&lt;/span&gt; provides a method to construct complex clinical representations for eCQMs.&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">Quality Data Model</abbr> v5.6 to QI-Core. The <a href="https://www.healthit.gov/isa/about-isa">Interoperability Standards Advisory</a> and the <a href="https://www.healthit.gov/isa/united-states-core-data-interoperability-uscdi#uscdi-v3">United States Core Data for Interoperability </a>(USCDI) also have tables of <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;A data element is a basic unit of information with a unique meaning and subcategories (data items) of distinct value. National Institute of Standards and Technology. (n.d.). &lt;em&gt;Data element&lt;/em&gt;. Computer Security Resource Center. Retrieved November 1, 2023, from&amp;nbsp;&lt;a href=&quot;https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/data_element&quot;&gt;https://csrc.nist.gov/glossary/term/data_element&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">data elements</abbr> and their associated recommended standard terminologies. USCDI v1 is adopted as a standard in the Office of the National Coordinator for <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;Per Section 3000 of the &lt;a href=&quot;https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/PLAW-111publ5/pdf/PLAW-111publ5.pdf&quot;&gt;HITECH Act&lt;/a&gt;, the term &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;health information technology&lt;/span&gt; means “hardware, software, integrated technologies or related licenses, intellectual property, upgrades, or packaged solutions sold as services that are designed for or support the use by healthcare entities or patients for the electronic creation, maintenance, access, or exchange of health information.”&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">Health Information Technology</abbr> (ONC) Cures Act final rule. Find more information on the <a href="/measure-lifecycle/measure-specification/specify-code/data-standards">Data Standards</a> page.</p>
<p>Measure developers should focus on content that <abbr tabindex="0" title="&lt;p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;Measured entities&lt;/span&gt; are the front-line clinicians and their organizations, including health information technology, collecting quality measurement data. &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;Measured entities&lt;/span&gt; are the implementers of quality measures. The effect of quality measure data collection on clinician workflow can be negative. There may be effects on their payments, positive and negative, with respect to reporting and actual performance on quality measures. Because of these potential effects, &lt;span class=&quot;glossify-exclude&quot;&gt;measured entities&lt;/span&gt; should be involved in all aspects of the Measure Lifecycle.&lt;/p&gt; " class="glossify-tooltip-tip" lang="en">measured entities</abbr> can easily capture during clinical care (if appropriate), where the metrics useful in the care of the patient match those used in quality assessment and decision support systems.</p>
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<div class="views-row"><span class="views-field views-field-changed"><strong class="views-label views-label-changed">Last Updated: </strong><span class="field-content"><time datetime="2023-04-27T07:29:51-04:00">Apr 2023</time>
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