1 line
No EOL
138 KiB
Text
1 line
No EOL
138 KiB
Text
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/_next/static/media/CyberGeek-logo.8e9bbd2b.svg" fetchPriority="high"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/ef46db3751d8e999.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/0759e90f4fecfde7.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-182b67d00f496f9d.js"/><script src="/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-ad09c71b7719f2fb.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/23-260042deb5df7a88.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-app-6de3c3100b91a0a9.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/template-10c83319a4906019.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/app/layout-9fc24027bc047aa2.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/972-6e520d137ef194fb.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/page-f876d06b0ce94ef3.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/app/template-d264bab5e3061841.js" async=""></script><link rel="preload" href="/assets/javascript/uswds-init.min.js" as="script"/><link rel="preload" href="/assets/javascript/uswds.min.js" as="script"/><title>Three elements of cryptographic agility | CMS Information Security & Privacy Group</title><meta name="description" content="Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently"/><meta name="resource_type" content="Articles"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://security.cms.gov/posts/three-elements-cryptographic-agility"/><meta name="google-site-verification" content="GMZIwBDJgz_o_JYUB2GpJazkrs7P85BaWDsoCjxF32M"/><meta property="og:title" content="Three elements of cryptographic agility | CMS Information Security & Privacy Group"/><meta property="og:description" content="Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://security.cms.gov/posts/three-elements-cryptographic-agility"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://security.cms.gov/assets/img/share/zero-trust.png"/><meta property="og:type" content="article"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:title" content="Three elements of cryptographic agility | CMS Information Security & Privacy Group"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently"/><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://security.cms.gov/assets/img/share/zero-trust.png"/><link rel="icon" href="/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" sizes="48x48"/><script>(self.__next_s=self.__next_s||[]).push(["/assets/javascript/uswds-init.min.js",{}])</script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-78c92fac7aa8fdd8.js" noModule=""></script></head><body><a class="usa-skipnav" href="#main">Skip to main content</a><section class="usa-banner" aria-label="Official website of the United States government"><div class="usa-accordion"><header class="usa-banner__header"><div class="usa-banner__inner"><div class="grid-col-auto"><img aria-hidden="true" alt="" loading="lazy" width="16" height="11" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="usa-banner__header-flag" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2Fassets%2Fimg%2Fus_flag_small.png&w=16&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2Fassets%2Fimg%2Fus_flag_small.png&w=32&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2Fassets%2Fimg%2Fus_flag_small.png&w=32&q=75"/></div><div class="grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto" aria-hidden="true"><p class="usa-banner__header-text">An official website of the United States government</p><p class="usa-banner__header-action">Here's how you know</p></div><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-default-default"><span class="usa-banner__button-text">Here's how you know</span></button></div></header><div class="usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content" id="gov-banner-default-default" hidden=""><div class="grid-row grid-gap-lg"><div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><img role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true" loading="lazy" width="40" height="40" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/icon-dot-gov.3e9cb1b5.svg"/><div class="usa-media-block__body"><p><strong>Official websites use .gov</strong><br/>A <strong>.gov</strong> website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.</p></div></div><div class="usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6"><img role="img" alt="" aria-hidden="true" loading="lazy" width="40" height="40" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" class="usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/icon-https.e7f1a222.svg"/><div class="usa-media-block__body"><p><strong>Secure .gov websites use HTTPS</strong><br/>A <strong>lock</strong> (<span class="icon-lock"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="52" height="64" viewBox="0 0 52 64" class="usa-banner__lock-image" role="img" aria-labelledby="banner-lock-description-default" focusable="false"><title id="banner-lock-title-default">Lock</title><desc id="banner-lock-description-default">Locked padlock icon</desc><path fill="#000000" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z"></path></svg></span>) or <strong>https://</strong> means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.</p></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="usa-overlay"></div><header class="usa-header usa-header--extended"><div class="bg-primary-dark"><div class="usa-navbar"><div class="usa-logo padding-y-4 padding-right-3" id="CyberGeek-logo"><a title="CMS CyberGeek Home" href="/"><img alt="CyberGeek logo" fetchPriority="high" width="298" height="35" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/CyberGeek-logo.8e9bbd2b.svg"/></a></div><button aria-label="Open menu" type="button" class="usa-menu-btn" data-cy="menu-button">Menu</button></div></div><nav aria-label="Primary navigation" class="usa-nav padding-0 desktop:width-auto bg-white grid-container float-none"><div class="usa-nav__inner"><button type="button" class="usa-nav__close margin-0"><img alt="Close" loading="lazy" width="24" height="24" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/close.1fafc2aa.svg"/></button><ul class="usa-nav__primary usa-accordion"><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="roles"><span>Roles</span></button><ul id="roles" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span class="display-block font-heading-xl padding-top-2">Roles</span></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/information-system-security-officer-isso">Information System Security Officer (ISSO)</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook"><span>ISSO Handbook</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#getting-started-for-new-issos"><span>Getting started (for new ISSOs)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/isso-mentorship-program"><span>ISSO Mentorship Program</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#training"><span>ISSO Training</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/data-guardian">Data Guardian</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/data-guardian-handbook"><span>Data Guardian Handbook</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/cyber-risk-advisor-cra">Cyber Risk Advisor (CRA)</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks"><span>CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks#risk-management-handbook-rmh-chapters"><span>Risk Management Handbook (RMH)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/business-system-owner">Business / System Owner (BO/SO)</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap"><span>Cybersecurity and Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea"><span>Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma"><span>Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/isso-service"><span>ISSO As A Service</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="compliance-authorization"><span>Compliance & Authorization</span></button><ul id="compliance-authorization" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span class="display-block font-heading-xl padding-top-2">Compliance & Authorization</span></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/learn/authorization-operate-ato">Authorization to Operate (ATO)</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/authorization-operate-ato"><span>About ATO at CMS</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/authorization-operate-ato#types-of-authorizations"><span>Types of authorizations</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/authorization-operate-ato#ato-stakeholders"><span>ATO stakeholders</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/authorization-operate-ato#related-documents-and-resources"><span>ATO tools and resources</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-technical-reference-architecture-tra"><span>CMS Technical Reference Architecture (TRA)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa">Ongoing Authorization (OA)</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa"><span>About OA at CMS</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa#is-my-system-eligible-for-oa"><span>OA eligibility requirements</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm"><span>Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">Assessments & Audits</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting"><span>Penetration Testing</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap"><span>Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia"><span>Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/security-impact-analysis-sia"><span>Security Impact Analysis (SIA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/system-audits"><span>System Audits</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="policy-guidance"><span>Policy & Guidance</span></button><ul id="policy-guidance" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span class="display-block font-heading-xl padding-top-2">Policy & Guidance</span></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/cms-policies-and-guidance">CMS Policies and Guidance</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars"><span>CMS Acceptable Risk Safeguards (ARS)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2"><span>CMS Information Security and Privacy Policy (IS2P2)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks"><span>CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf"><span>CMS Risk Management Framework (RMF)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/email-encryption-requirements-cms"><span>CMS Email Encryption</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/federal-policies-and-guidance">Federal Policies and Guidance</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist"><span>National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma"><span>Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/fedramp"><span>Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/zero-trust"><span>Zero Trust</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="system-security"><span>System Security</span></button><ul id="system-security" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span class="display-block font-heading-xl padding-top-2">System Security</span></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/application-security">Application Security</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/threat-modeling"><span>Threat Modeling</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/zero-trust"><span>Zero Trust</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-cloud-services"><span>CMS Cloud Services</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/software-bill-materials-sbom"><span>Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/security-operations">Security Operations</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-8-incident-response-ir"><span>Incident Response</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic"><span>CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting"><span>Penetration Testing</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting">Risk Management and Reporting</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm"><span>Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cyber-risk-reports"><span>Cyber Risk Reports</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/plan-action-and-milestones-poam"><span>Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M)</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="privacy"><span>Privacy</span></button><ul id="privacy" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span class="display-block font-heading-xl padding-top-2">Privacy</span></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">Agreements</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma"><span>Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea"><span>Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">Privacy Activities</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/breach-response"><span>Breach Response</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia"><span>Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/system-records-notice-sorn"><span>System of Records Notice (SORN)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">Privacy Resources</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/ispg/privacy"><span>Privacy at CMS</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-breach-response-handbook"><span>CMS Breach Response Handbook</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/health-insurance-portability-and-accountability-act-1996-hipaa"><span>Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/cms-privacy-impact-assessment-pia-handbook"><span>CMS Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) Handbook</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="tools-services"><span>Tools & Services</span></button><ul id="tools-services" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span class="display-block font-heading-xl padding-top-2">Tools & Services</span></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">Reporting & Compliance</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/isso-service"><span>ISSO As A Service</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts"><span>CFACTS</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cyber-risk-reports"><span>Cyber Risk Reports and Dashboards</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm"><span>Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">System Security</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/threat-modeling"><span>Threat Modeling</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-cloud-services"><span>CMS Cloud Services</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic"><span>CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-security-data-lake-sdl"><span>CMS Security Data Lake (SDL)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header list-header-margin">Tests & Assessments</h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap"><span>Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting"><span>Penetration Testing</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia"><span>Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li></ul><div class="usa-nav__secondary padding-left-2"><section aria-label="Header search box"><form class="usa-search usa-search--small" role="search" action="/search"><label class="usa-sr-only" for="header-search-box">Search</label><input class="usa-input search__input" id="header-search-box" type="search" name="ispg[query]"/><button aria-label="header search box button" class="usa-button" id="header-search-box-btn" type="submit"><svg aria-describedby="searchIcon" class="usa-icon" aria-hidden="true" focusable="false" role="img"><title id="searchIcon">Search</title><use href="/assets/img/sprite.svg#search"></use></svg></button></form></section></div></div></nav></header><main id="main"><div id="template"><div><!--$--><!--/$--><section class="hero hero--theme-blog-post undefined"><div class="maxw-widescreen margin-x-auto padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-6 desktop:padding-y-7"><div class="tablet:grid-container position-relative "><div class="hero__row grid-row grid-gap"><div class="tablet:grid-col-5 widescreen:position-relative"></div><div class="hero__column tablet:grid-col-7 flow padding-bottom-2"><p class="hero__published font-sans-2xs line-height-sans-4 margin-bottom-0">Published: <!-- -->4/17/2024</p><h1 class="hero__heading margin-0 line-height-sans-3 desktop:line-height-sans-2">Three elements of cryptographic agility</h1><div class="hero__meta radius-lg padding-x-2 padding-y-1 bg-white font-sans-2xs line-height-sans-5 display-inline-block text-primary-darker"><address>by <span class="text-bold">Zero Trust</span></address></div></div></div></div></div></section><section class="grid-container padding-top-5 tablet-lg: padding-top-7 content"><section aria-label="short description"><p class="overline font-serif-md tablet:font-serif-lg text-light line-height-serif-2 margin-0 text-italic">Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently</p></section><div data-testid="text-block" class="text-block [ flow ] font-family-sans text-base-darkest"><div class="text-block__text"><h2>What is cryptographic agility?</h2><p>Cryptographic agility, also called cryptoagility, is the ability for a system to quickly and easily change parts of their encryption mechanism(s). This encompasses changing encryption keys, key lengths, encryption algorithms used, and even changing the libraries used to perform the encryption. </p><p>There is not currently an official cryptoagility standard for Federal Agencies, but research into it and <a href="https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/22_0512_plcy_2966-01_cryptographic-agility-infographic.pdf">resources from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency</a> (CISA) led the ISPG Zero Trust team to identify three elements of a Cryptographically Agile system: </p><ul><li>Use modern cryptography. </li><li>Maintain an accurate cryptographic inventory. </li><li>Engineer in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently. </li></ul><p>This document sets out further definitions of cryptographic agility for CMS Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) Systems to strive for. </p><h2>Use modern cryptography </h2><p>FISMA Systems should use modern cryptographic algorithms, robust key lengths, and well-tested implementations of said algorithms. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has written much on the topic, but a good rule of thumb is to stick with implementations that are FIPS 140-2 validated (see note below). Tools that are FedRAMP approved will be FIPS 140-2 validated. </p><p><a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/specialpublications/nist.sp.800-57pt3r1.pdf">NIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 3</a> has detailed information about preferred cryptographic algorithms and key lengths. They can be summarized as: </p><table><tbody><tr><td> </td><td><strong>Key Type</strong> </td><td><p><strong>Algorithms and </strong> </p><p><strong>Minimum Key Sizes</strong> </p></td></tr><tr><td>Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). </td><td>Digital Signature keys used for authentication (for Users or Devices) </td><td>RSA (2048 bits). ECDSA (Curve P-256) </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>Digital Signature keys used for non-repudiation (for Users or Devices) </td><td>RSA (2048 bits) ECDSA (Curves P-256 or P-384) </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td>Key Establishment keys (for Users or Devices) </td><td>RSA (2048 bits) Diffie-Hellman (2048 bits) ECDH (Curves P-256 or P-384) </td></tr><tr><td>Encryption for Data at Rest </td><td>Symmetric key </td><td>AES (128 bits) </td></tr><tr><td>Hashing and Message Digests </td><td>One-Way Hash, unkeyed </td><td>SHA-256 </td></tr></tbody></table><p>Websites and other internet services that operate over TCP/IP shall use Transport Layer Security (TLS) version 1.3 to encrypt the network traffic. TLS 1.3 is based on PKI, and the above algorithms and key lengths are also recommended. If a system has devices that cannot use TLS 1.3, the connection may fall back to TLS 1.2. <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://www.cms.gov/files/document/hhsencryption-policy.pdf">TLS 1.0 and 1.1 shall not be used</a> as per the HHS Policy for Encryption of Computing Devices and Information in Section 6.23. </p><p>In the event that your software needs to directly perform cryptographic operations, here at CMS we prefer that you do not implement your own cryptographic algorithms and instead use a well-established library that is FIPS 140-2 approved such as OpenSSL. Wikipedia has a chart <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_cryptography_libraries">comparing different cryptography libraries</a> and includes their FIPS 140 status. </p><p>A Note on FIPS 140: A new version of FIPS 140 has been released, version 3, and systems will be required to use only FIPS 140-3 compliant tools starting in September 2026. As of December 2023, there are <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/validated-modules/search?SearchMode=Advanced&Standard=140-3&CertificateStatus=Active&ValidationYear=0">few validated FIPS 14-3 implementations,</a> but many popular services and hardware are <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/modules-in-process/Modules-In-Process-List">undergoing evaluations.</a> If selecting a new product, it would be wise to choose one that is undergoing evaluation. </p><h2>Maintain an accurate cryptographic inventory </h2><p>To know what to fix, we need to know what we cryptographic algorithms we are using in our various systems. This will include data in transit, data at rest, and (as the technology becomes more accessible) data in use. </p><p>While having an accurate inventory is important, it is not expected that CMS FISMA Systems will have a unified, automated solution that contains all the different encryptions just yet. Teams may need to look in different places to collect all this information. The Zero Trust program in ISPG is researching an automated solution that would be suitable for CMS. </p><p>The inventory will need to include where the encryption is being used (in transit, at rest, or in use), what algorithm is used, what key length is used, and (where available) what library or tool is providing the encryption. It is also desirable to be able to explain why a particular setup is used or note any exceptions. </p><p>Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers often have a key management service for storing keys used for encrypting data at rest, and they often have a service for storing TLS certificates, but they are likely not the same service. For example, AWS provides the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/rotate-keys.html">Key Management System</a> for general key management, and the <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://aws.amazon.com/certificate-manager/">AWS Certificate Manager</a> is available for your TLS certificates. </p><p lang="EN-US">The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires agencies to report on their cryptographic inventories <a href="https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/M-23-02-M-Memo-on-Migrating-to-Post-Quantum-Cryptography.pdf">under M-23-02</a>, though they are slowly rolling out which systems are included in their reports. The Zero Trust Program will reach out to the ISSOs of FISMA systems required to submit for 2024. </p><h2>Engineer in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently </h2><p><a href="https://www.dictionary.com/browse/agility">Agility</a> in general is the “the power of moving quickly and easily.”, so cryptoagility is the ability to move quickly and easily around all things encryption. </p><p>The <a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-key-management-handbook#key-management-lifecycle-best-practices">Key Management Handbook from ISPG</a> recommends that systems rotate encryption keys once per year (see the “Key Rotation” section). Teams should have a documented process, whether the process is manual or automated. This includes both TLS certificates and database (or other storage) encryption keys. </p><p>Ideally, a team should be able to rotate keys and certificates in minutes not hours so that if a key compromise happens response time is low. </p><p>When using libraries to implement encryption functions in software, the software should be architected in a way to allow for the library to be updated without having to change the code (assuming that the new version of the library is backwards compatible). Where possible, key length should not be hard coded, and instead provided via a configuration file. Use of specific algorithms should be abstracted in such a way that if the team wanted to use a different algorithm or different library for the same algorithm the code can be changed in one place and used everywhere. </p><p>In “<a rel="noreferrer noopener" href="https://security.cms.gov/posts/cryptographic-agility-zeitgeist">CryptoAgility in the Zeitgeist</a>”, we talked about the 2014 Heartbleed exploit for OpenSSL. While a patch was available quickly for OpenSSL, it took months for most systems to be updated. As we seek to balance security and process, we need to contemplate the speed at which we want to mitigate and remediate such exploits. </p><p>When designing software and development processes, consider these guidelines for how long it should take for a system to make these changes: </p><ul><li>Minutes to update and rotate a key </li><li>Minutes to update a library to a new version </li><li>Hours to change key lengths </li><li>Less than 1 sprint to change the algorithm or library </li></ul><h2>Conclusion </h2><p>CryptoAgility is an integral part not just of Zero Trust, but a mature software development process. By factoring the three main elements of CryptoAgility into processes early, we can improve our ability to respond to cryptographic issues early. It may take time to add CryptoAgility into existing systems, but the Zero Trust team is here to support teams. We will be releasing specific guidance on implementation for different environments, such as AWS, via the internal CMS Cloud documentation in the coming months. </p><p>In the meantime, think about how the three elements apply to your systems: </p><ul><li>Use modern cryptography. </li><li>Maintain an accurate cryptographic inventory. </li><li>Engineer in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently. </li></ul></div></div><section class="publisher margin-y-4"><h1 class="h3 publisher__header margin-0">About the publisher:</h1><p class="publisher__bio margin-top-3 padding-bottom-1 text-normal" style="background-image:url(/_next/static/media/publisherIcon.17e44546.svg);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:3.125rem">The Zero Trust Team works to help CMS implement the Executive Order that requires continuous verification of system users to promote stronger security. We introduce new tools and streamline processes to support the transition to Zero Trust throughout the enterprise.</p></section></section><section class="bg-primary-lighter"><div class="cg-cards blog-posts grid-container"><h2 class="cg-cards__heading" id="related-posts-and-updates">Related posts and updates</h2><ul aria-label="cards" class="usa-card-group"><li class="usa-card grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-4"><div class="usa-card__container usa-card__container--type-posts"><div class="usa-card__header"><time class="font-sans-2xs">September 27, 2024</time><h3 class="margin-top-1 line-height-sans-2 text-bold text-base-darkest"><a class="usa-card__link text-no-underline" href="/posts/zt-scary-zoom-background-contect">ZT Scary Zoom Background Contest</a></h3></div><div class="usa-card__media usa-card__media--exdent padding-top-3 padding-x-3"><div class="usa-card__img"><img alt="A bug" loading="lazy" width="273" height="195" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-10%2Fa-bug.png&w=384&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-10%2Fa-bug.png&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-10%2Fa-bug.png&w=640&q=75"/></div></div><div class="usa-card__footer padding-top-6"><div class="bottom-1 position-absolute font-sans-3xs text-semibold">Zero Trust</div></div></div></li><li class="usa-card grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-4"><div class="usa-card__container usa-card__container--type-posts"><div class="usa-card__header"><time class="font-sans-2xs">September 16, 2024</time><h3 class="margin-top-1 line-height-sans-2 text-bold text-base-darkest"><a class="usa-card__link text-no-underline" href="/posts/zt-devices-pillar-enforcing-security-policies-and-monitoring-compliance">ZT Devices Pillar: Enforcing security policies and monitoring compliance </a></h3></div><div class="usa-card__media usa-card__media--exdent padding-top-3 padding-x-3"><div class="usa-card__img"><img alt="Cloud with upload arrow" loading="lazy" width="273" height="195" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-03%2FDescription%253DThe%2520cloud.png&w=384&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-03%2FDescription%253DThe%2520cloud.png&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-03%2FDescription%253DThe%2520cloud.png&w=640&q=75"/></div></div><div class="usa-card__footer padding-top-6"><div class="bottom-1 position-absolute font-sans-3xs text-semibold">Zero Trust</div></div></div></li><li class="usa-card grid-col-12 tablet:grid-col-4"><div class="usa-card__container usa-card__container--type-posts"><div class="usa-card__header"><time class="font-sans-2xs">August 6, 2024</time><h3 class="margin-top-1 line-height-sans-2 text-bold text-base-darkest"><a class="usa-card__link text-no-underline" href="/posts/github-secret-scanning-enhancing-security-ars-compliance-and-zero-trust">GitHub Secret Scanning: Enhancing security, ARS compliance, and Zero Trust</a></h3></div><div class="usa-card__media usa-card__media--exdent padding-top-3 padding-x-3"><div class="usa-card__img"><img alt="Person using a vault with important documents" loading="lazy" width="273" height="195" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" srcSet="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-03%2FDescription%253DThe%2520vault.png&w=384&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-03%2FDescription%253DThe%2520vault.png&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcybergeek.cms.gov%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2F2023-03%2FDescription%253DThe%2520vault.png&w=640&q=75"/></div></div><div class="usa-card__footer padding-top-6"><div class="bottom-1 position-absolute font-sans-3xs text-semibold">Zero Trust</div></div></div></li></ul><div class="font-sans-lg text-center margin-top-4 margin-bottom-2"><a href="/posts">See all posts</a></div></div></section></div></div></main><footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--slim"><div class="grid-container"><div class="grid-row flex-align-end"><div class="grid-col"><div class="usa-footer__return-to-top"><a class="font-sans-xs" href="#">Return to top</a></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-bottom-2 padding-top-4 display-flex flex-justify-end"><a class="usa-button" href="/feedback">Give feedback</a></div></div></div><div class="usa-footer__primary-section"><div class="usa-footer__primary-container grid-row"><div class="tablet:grid-col-3"><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="/"><img alt="CyberGeek logo" loading="lazy" width="142" height="26" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/CyberGeek-logo.8e9bbd2b.svg"/></a><p class="usa-footer__logo-heading display-none tablet-lg:display-block">The official website of the CMS Information Security and Privacy Group (ISPG)</p></div><div class="tablet:grid-col-12 tablet-lg:grid-col-9"><nav class="usa-footer__nav" aria-label="Footer navigation,"><ul class="grid-row grid-gap"><li class=" tablet:grid-col-3 desktop:grid-col-auto usa-footer__primary-content "><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="/learn/about-ispg-cybergeek">What is CyberGeek?</a></li><li class=" tablet:grid-col-3 desktop:grid-col-auto usa-footer__primary-content "><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="https://www.cms.gov/privacy">Privacy policy</a></li><li class=" tablet:grid-col-3 desktop:grid-col-auto usa-footer__primary-content "><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="https://www.cms.gov/about-cms/information-systems/privacy/vulnerability-disclosure-policy">CMS Vulnerability Disclosure Policy</a></li><li class=" tablet:grid-col-3 desktop:grid-col-auto usa-footer__primary-content "><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="https://www.cms.gov/About-CMS/Agency-Information/Aboutwebsite/Policiesforaccessibility">Accessibility</a></li></ul></nav></div></div></div><div class="usa-footer__secondary-section"><div class="grid-container"><div class="usa-footer__logo grid-row grid-gap-2"><div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-3"><a href="https://www.cms.gov/"><img alt="CMS homepage" loading="lazy" width="124" height="29" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" src="/_next/static/media/cmsLogo.10a64ce4.svg"/></a></div><div class="mobile-lg:grid-col-7"><p class="font-sans-3xs line-height-sans-3">A federal government website managed and paid for by the U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services.</p><address class="font-sans-3xs line-height-sans-3">7500 Security Boulevard, Baltimore, MD 21244</address></div></div></div></div></footer><script>(self.__next_s=self.__next_s||[]).push(["/assets/javascript/uswds.min.js",{}])</script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-182b67d00f496f9d.js" async=""></script><script>(self.__next_f=self.__next_f||[]).push([0]);self.__next_f.push([2,null])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"1:HL[\"/_next/static/css/ef46db3751d8e999.css\",\"style\"]\n2:HL[\"/_next/static/css/0759e90f4fecfde7.css\",\"style\"]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"3:I[5751,[],\"\"]\n6:I[9275,[],\"\"]\n8:I[6419,[\"537\",\"static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/template-10c83319a4906019.js\"],\"default\"]\n9:I[1343,[],\"\"]\nc:I[6130,[],\"\"]\n7:[\"slug\",\"three-elements-cryptographic-agility\",\"d\"]\nd:[]\n0:[\"$\",\"$L3\",null,{\"buildId\":\"m9SaS4P6zugJbBHpXSk5Y\",\"assetPrefix\":\"\",\"urlParts\":[\"\",\"posts\",\"three-elements-cryptographic-agility\"],\"initialTree\":[\"\",{\"children\":[\"posts\",{\"children\":[[\"slug\",\"three-elements-cryptographic-agility\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{}]}]}]},\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",true],\"initialSeedData\":[\"\",{\"children\":[\"posts\",{\"children\":[[\"slug\",\"three-elements-cryptographic-agility\",\"d\"],{\"children\":[\"__PAGE__\",{},[[\"$L4\",\"$L5\",null],null],null]},[null,[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",\"posts\",\"children\",\"$7\",\"children\"],\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L8\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{}]}],\"templateStyles\":[],\"templateScripts\":[],\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\"}]],null]},[null,[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\",\"posts\",\"children\"],\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{}],\"templateStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"templateScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"notFound\":\"$undefined\",\"notFoundStyles\":\"$undefined\"}]],null]},[[[[\"$\",\"link\",\"0\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/_next/static/css/ef46db3751d8e999.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"1\",{\"rel\":\"stylesheet\",\"href\":\"/_next/static/css/0759e90f4fecfde7.css\",\"precedence\":\"next\",\"crossOrigin\":\"$undefined\"}]],\"$La\"],null],null],\"couldBeIntercepted\":false,\"initialHead\":[null,\"$Lb\"],\"globalErrorComponent\":\"$c\",\"missingSlots\":\"$Wd\"}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"e:I[4080,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"223\",\"static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js\",\"185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-9fc24027bc047aa2.js\"],\"\"]\nf:I[8173,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"972\",\"static/chunks/972-6e520d137ef194fb.js\",\"333\",\"static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/page-f876d06b0ce94ef3.js\"],\"Image\"]\n10:I[7529,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"223\",\"static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js\",\"185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-9fc24027bc047aa2.js\"],\"default\"]\n12:I[231,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"972\",\"static/chunks/972-6e520d137ef194fb.js\",\"333\",\"static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/page-f876d06b0ce94ef3.js\"],\"\"]\n13:I[7303,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"223\",\"static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js\",\"185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-9fc24027bc047aa2.js\"],\"default\"]\n14:I[8521,[\"489\",\"static/chunks/app/template-d264bab5e3061841.js\"],\"default\"]\n15:I[5922,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"972\",\"static/chunks/972-6e520d137ef194fb.js\",\"333\",\"static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/page-f876d06b0ce94ef3.js\"],\"default\"]\n16:I[7182,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"223\",\"static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js\",\"185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-9fc24027bc047aa2.js\"],\"default\"]\n17:I[4180,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"223\",\"static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js\",\"185\",\"static/chunks/app/layout-9fc24027bc047aa2.js\"],\"TealiumTagManager\"]\n11:Tdced,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"{\"id\":\"mega-menu\",\"linkset\":{\"elements\":[{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Roles\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/information-system-security-officer-isso\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information System Security Officer (ISSO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#getting-started-for-new-issos\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Getting started (for new ISSOs)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/isso-mentorship-program\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Mentorship Program\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#training\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Training\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/data-guardian\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Data Guardian\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/data-guardian-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Data Guardian Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/cyber-risk-advisor-cra\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Advisor (CRA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks#risk-management-handbook-rmh-chapters\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Risk Management Handbook (RMH)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/business-system-owner\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Business / System Owner (BO/SO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity and Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/isso-service\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO As A Service\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Compliance \u0026 Authorization\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Authorization to Operate (ATO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"About ATO at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#types-of-authorizations\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Types of authorizations\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#ato-stakeholders\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ATO stakeholders\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#related-documents-and-resources\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ATO tools and resources\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-technical-reference-architecture-tra\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Technical Reference Architecture (TRA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Ongoing Authorization (OA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"About OA at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa#is-my-system-eligible-for-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"OA eligibility requirements\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Assessments \u0026 Audits\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/security-impact-analysis-sia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Security Impact Analysis (SIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/system-audits\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Audits\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Policy \u0026 Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/cms-policies-and-guidance\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Policies and Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Acceptable Risk Safeguards (ARS)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Information Security and Privacy Policy (IS2P2)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Risk Management Framework (RMF)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/email-encryption-requirements-cms\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Email Encryption\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/federal-policies-and-guidance\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Policies and Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/fedramp\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/zero-trust\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Zero Trust\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/application-security\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Application Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/threat-modeling\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Threat Modeling\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/zero-trust\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Zero Trust\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cloud-services\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cloud Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/software-bill-materials-sbom\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/security-operations\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Security Operations\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-8-incident-response-ir\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Incident Response\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Risk Management and Reporting\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cyber-risk-reports\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Reports\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/plan-action-and-milestones-poam\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Plan of Action and Milestones (POA\u0026M)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Agreements\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Activities\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/breach-response\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Breach Response\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/system-records-notice-sorn\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System of Records Notice (SORN)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Resources\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/privacy\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-breach-response-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Breach Response Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/health-insurance-portability-and-accountability-act-1996-hipaa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-privacy-impact-assessment-pia-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Tools \u0026 Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Reporting \u0026 Compliance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/isso-service\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO As A Service\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CFACTS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cyber-risk-reports\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Reports and Dashboards\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/threat-modeling\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Threat Modeling\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cloud-services\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cloud Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-security-data-lake-sdl\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security Data Lake (SDL)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Tests \u0026 Assessments\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}}],\"size\":87},\"elements\":[{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Roles\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/information-system-security-officer-isso\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information System Security Officer (ISSO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#getting-started-for-new-issos\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Getting started (for new ISSOs)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/isso-mentorship-program\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Mentorship Program\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#training\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Training\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/data-guardian\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Data Guardian\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/data-guardian-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Data Guardian Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/cyber-risk-advisor-cra\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Advisor (CRA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks#risk-management-handbook-rmh-chapters\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Risk Management Handbook (RMH)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/business-system-owner\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Business / System Owner (BO/SO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity and Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/isso-service\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO As A Service\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Compliance \u0026 Authorization\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Authorization to Operate (ATO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"About ATO at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#types-of-authorizations\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Types of authorizations\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#ato-stakeholders\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ATO stakeholders\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#related-documents-and-resources\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ATO tools and resources\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-technical-reference-architecture-tra\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Technical Reference Architecture (TRA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Ongoing Authorization (OA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"About OA at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa#is-my-system-eligible-for-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"OA eligibility requirements\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Assessments \u0026 Audits\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/security-impact-analysis-sia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Security Impact Analysis (SIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/system-audits\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Audits\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Policy \u0026 Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/cms-policies-and-guidance\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Policies and Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Acceptable Risk Safeguards (ARS)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Information Security and Privacy Policy (IS2P2)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Risk Management Framework (RMF)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/email-encryption-requirements-cms\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Email Encryption\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/federal-policies-and-guidance\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Policies and Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/fedramp\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/zero-trust\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Zero Trust\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/application-security\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Application Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/threat-modeling\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Threat Modeling\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/zero-trust\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Zero Trust\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cloud-services\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cloud Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/software-bill-materials-sbom\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/security-operations\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Security Operations\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-8-incident-response-ir\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Incident Response\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Risk Management and Reporting\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cyber-risk-reports\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Reports\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/plan-action-and-milestones-poam\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Plan of Action and Milestones (POA\u0026M)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Agreements\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Activities\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/breach-response\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Breach Response\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/system-records-notice-sorn\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System of Records Notice (SORN)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Resources\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/privacy\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-breach-response-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Breach Response Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/health-insurance-portability-and-accountability-act-1996-hipaa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-privacy-impact-assessment-pia-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Tools \u0026 Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Reporting \u0026 Compliance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/isso-service\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO As A Service\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CFACTS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cyber-risk-reports\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Reports and Dashboards\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/threat-modeling\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Threat Modeling\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cloud-services\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cloud Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-security-data-lake-sdl\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security Data Lake (SDL)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Tests \u0026 Assessments\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}}],\"size\":87,\"tree\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Roles\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/information-system-security-officer-isso\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information System Security Officer (ISSO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#getting-started-for-new-issos\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Getting started (for new ISSOs)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/isso-mentorship-program\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Mentorship Program\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-security-officer-isso-handbook#training\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO Training\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/data-guardian\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Data Guardian\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/data-guardian-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Data Guardian Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/cyber-risk-advisor-cra\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Advisor (CRA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks#risk-management-handbook-rmh-chapters\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Risk Management Handbook (RMH)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/business-system-owner\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Business / System Owner (BO/SO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity and Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/isso-service\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO As A Service\",\"hierarchy\":[\"0\",\"3\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Compliance \u0026 Authorization\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Authorization to Operate (ATO)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"About ATO at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#types-of-authorizations\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Types of authorizations\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#ato-stakeholders\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ATO stakeholders\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/authorization-operate-ato#related-documents-and-resources\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ATO tools and resources\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-technical-reference-architecture-tra\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Technical Reference Architecture (TRA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"0\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Ongoing Authorization (OA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"About OA at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/ongoing-authorization-oa#is-my-system-eligible-for-oa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"OA eligibility requirements\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Assessments \u0026 Audits\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/security-impact-analysis-sia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Security Impact Analysis (SIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/system-audits\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Audits\",\"hierarchy\":[\"1\",\"2\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Policy \u0026 Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/cms-policies-and-guidance\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Policies and Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Acceptable Risk Safeguards (ARS)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Information Security and Privacy Policy (IS2P2)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-security-and-privacy-handbooks\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security and Privacy Handbooks\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Risk Management Framework (RMF)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/email-encryption-requirements-cms\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Email Encryption\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"0\",\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/federal-policies-and-guidance\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Policies and Guidance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/fedramp\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/zero-trust\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Zero Trust\",\"hierarchy\":[\"2\",\"1\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/application-security\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Application Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/threat-modeling\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Threat Modeling\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/zero-trust\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Zero Trust\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cloud-services\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cloud Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/software-bill-materials-sbom\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Software Bill of Materials (SBOM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/security-operations\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Security Operations\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-8-incident-response-ir\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Incident Response\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Risk Management and Reporting\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cyber-risk-reports\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Reports\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/plan-action-and-milestones-poam\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Plan of Action and Milestones (POA\u0026M)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"3\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Agreements\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-computer-matching-agreement-cma\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Computer Matching Agreement (CMA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-information-exchange-agreement-iea\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Information Exchange Agreement (IEA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Activities\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/breach-response\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Breach Response\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/system-records-notice-sorn\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System of Records Notice (SORN)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Resources\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/ispg/privacy\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy at CMS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-breach-response-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Breach Response Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/health-insurance-portability-and-accountability-act-1996-hipaa\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Health Insurance Portability and Accessibility Act (HIPAA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/policy-guidance/cms-privacy-impact-assessment-pia-handbook\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA) Handbook\",\"hierarchy\":[\"4\",\"2\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Tools \u0026 Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Reporting \u0026 Compliance\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/isso-service\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"ISSO As A Service\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CFACTS\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cyber-risk-reports\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cyber Risk Reports and Dashboards\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"0\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"System Security\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/threat-modeling\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Threat Modeling\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cloud-services\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cloud Services\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-security-data-lake-sdl\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"CMS Security Data Lake (SDL)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"1\",\"3\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Tests \u0026 Assessments\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Cybersecurity Risk Assessment Program (CSRAP)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"0\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Penetration Testing\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"1\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]},{\"link\":{\"anchor\":\"/system/menu/mega-menu/linkset\",\"rel\":\"item\",\"href\":\"/learn/privacy-impact-assessment-pia\",\"attributes\":{\"title\":\"Privacy Impact Assessment (PIA)\",\"hierarchy\":[\"5\",\"2\",\"2\"],\"machine-name\":[\"mega-menu\"]}},\"children\":[]}]}]}]}"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"a:[\"$\",\"html\",null,{\"lang\":\"en\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"head\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"src\":\"/assets/javascript/uswds-init.min.js\",\"strategy\":\"beforeInteractive\"}]}],[\"$\",\"body\",null,{\"children\":[[[\"$\",\"a\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-skipnav\",\"href\":\"#main\",\"children\":\"Skip to main content\"}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner\",\"aria-label\":\"Official website of the United States government\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-accordion\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__header\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__inner\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"grid-col-auto\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"aria-hidden\":\"true\",\"className\":\"usa-banner__header-flag\",\"src\":\"/assets/img/us_flag_small.png\",\"alt\":\"\",\"width\":\"16\",\"height\":\"11\"}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"grid-col-fill tablet:grid-col-auto\",\"aria-hidden\":\"true\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__header-text\",\"children\":\"An official website of the United States government\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__header-action\",\"children\":\"Here's how you know\"}]]}],[\"$\",\"button\",null,{\"type\":\"button\",\"className\":\"usa-accordion__button usa-banner__button\",\"aria-expanded\":\"false\",\"aria-controls\":\"gov-banner-default-default\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__button-text\",\"children\":\"Here's how you know\"}]}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__content usa-accordion__content\",\"id\":\"gov-banner-default-default\",\"hidden\":true,\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"grid-row grid-gap-lg\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img\",\"src\":{\"src\":\"/_next/static/media/icon-dot-gov.3e9cb1b5.svg\",\"height\":64,\"width\":64,\"blurWidth\":0,\"blurHeight\":0},\"role\":\"img\",\"alt\":\"\",\"aria-hidden\":\"true\",\"width\":\"40\",\"height\":\"40\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-media-block__body\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"Official websites use .gov\"}],[\"$\",\"br\",null,{}],\"A \",[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\".gov\"}],\" website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.\"]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__guidance tablet:grid-col-6\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-banner__icon usa-media-block__img\",\"src\":{\"src\":\"/_next/static/media/icon-https.e7f1a222.svg\",\"height\":64,\"width\":64,\"blurWidth\":0,\"blurHeight\":0},\"role\":\"img\",\"alt\":\"\",\"aria-hidden\":\"true\",\"width\":\"40\",\"height\":\"40\"}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-media-block__body\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"Secure .gov websites use HTTPS\"}],[\"$\",\"br\",null,{}],\"A \",[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"lock\"}],\" (\",[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"icon-lock\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"svg\",null,{\"xmlns\":\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\",\"width\":\"52\",\"height\":\"64\",\"viewBox\":\"0 0 52 64\",\"className\":\"usa-banner__lock-image\",\"role\":\"img\",\"aria-labelledby\":\"banner-lock-description-default\",\"focusable\":\"false\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"title\",null,{\"id\":\"banner-lock-title-default\",\"children\":\"Lock\"}],[\"$\",\"desc\",null,{\"id\":\"banner-lock-description-default\",\"children\":\"Locked padlock icon\"}],[\"$\",\"path\",null,{\"fill\":\"#000000\",\"fillRule\":\"evenodd\",\"d\":\"M26 0c10.493 0 19 8.507 19 19v9h3a4 4 0 0 1 4 4v28a4 4 0 0 1-4 4H4a4 4 0 0 1-4-4V32a4 4 0 0 1 4-4h3v-9C7 8.507 15.507 0 26 0zm0 8c-5.979 0-10.843 4.77-10.996 10.712L15 19v9h22v-9c0-6.075-4.925-11-11-11z\"}]]}]}],\") or \",[\"$\",\"strong\",null,{\"children\":\"https://\"}],\" means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.\"]}]}]]}]]}]}]]}]}]],[\"$\",\"$L10\",null,{\"value\":\"$11\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-overlay\"}],[\"$\",\"header\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-header usa-header--extended\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-primary-dark\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-navbar\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"usa-logo padding-y-4 padding-right-3\",\"id\":\"CyberGeek-logo\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L12\",null,{\"href\":\"/\",\"title\":\"CMS CyberGeek Home\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"src\":{\"src\":\"/_next/static/media/CyberGeek-logo.8e9bbd2b.svg\",\"height\":50,\"width\":425,\"blurWidth\":0,\"blurHeight\":0},\"alt\":\"CyberGeek logo\",\"width\":\"298\",\"height\":\"35\",\"priority\":true}]}]}],[\"$\",\"button\",null,{\"aria-label\":\"Open menu\",\"type\":\"button\",\"className\":\"usa-menu-btn\",\"data-cy\":\"menu-button\",\"children\":\"Menu\"}]]}]}],[\"$\",\"$L13\",null,{}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"main\",null,{\"id\":\"main\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L6\",null,{\"parallelRouterKey\":\"children\",\"segmentPath\":[\"children\"],\"error\":\"$undefined\",\"errorStyles\":\"$undefined\",\"errorScripts\":\"$undefined\",\"template\":[\"$\",\"$L14\",null,{\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L9\",null,{}]}],\"templateStyles\":[],\"templateScripts\":[],\"notFound\":[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"hero hero--theme-content-not-found undefined\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"$Lf\",null,{\"alt\":\"404 page not found\",\"className\":\"hero__graphic\",\"priority\":true,\"src\":{\"src\":\"/_next/static/media/content-not-found-graphic.8f104f47.svg\",\"height\":551,\"width\":948,\"blurWidth\":0,\"blurHeight\":0}}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"maxw-widescreen margin-x-auto padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-6 desktop:padding-y-7\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"tablet:grid-container position-relative \",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__row grid-row grid-gap\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"tablet:grid-col-5 widescreen:position-relative\",\"children\":[false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__column tablet:grid-col-7 flow padding-bottom-2\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",false,[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__heading margin-0 line-height-sans-3 desktop:line-height-sans-2\",\"children\":\"We can't find that page.\"}],\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__description\",\"children\":[[\"The page you're looking for may have been moved or retired. You can\",\" \",[\"$\",\"$L12\",null,{\"href\":\"/\",\"children\":\"visit our home page\"}],\" or use the search box to find helpful resources.\"]]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"margin-top-6 search-container\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L15\",null,{\"theme\":\"content-not-found\"}]}]]}],false]}],false,false]}]}]}]]}],\"notFoundStyles\":[]}]}],[\"$\",\"$L16\",null,{}],[\"$\",\"$L17\",null,{}],[\"$\",\"$Le\",null,{\"src\":\"/assets/javascript/uswds.min.js\",\"strategy\":\"beforeInteractive\"}]]}]]}]\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"b:[[\"$\",\"meta\",\"0\",{\"name\":\"viewport\",\"content\":\"width=device-width, initial-scale=1\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"1\",{\"charSet\":\"utf-8\"}],[\"$\",\"title\",\"2\",{\"children\":\"Three elements of cryptographic agility | CMS Information Security \u0026 Privacy Group\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"3\",{\"name\":\"description\",\"content\":\"Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"4\",{\"name\":\"resource_type\",\"content\":\"Articles\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"5\",{\"rel\":\"canonical\",\"href\":\"https://security.cms.gov/posts/three-elements-cryptographic-agility\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"6\",{\"name\":\"google-site-verification\",\"content\":\"GMZIwBDJgz_o_JYUB2GpJazkrs7P85BaWDsoCjxF32M\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"7\",{\"property\":\"og:title\",\"content\":\"Three elements of cryptographic agility | CMS Information Security \u0026 Privacy Group\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"8\",{\"property\":\"og:description\",\"content\":\"Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"9\",{\"property\":\"og:url\",\"content\":\"https://security.cms.gov/posts/three-elements-cryptographic-agility\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"10\",{\"property\":\"og:image\",\"content\":\"https://security.cms.gov/assets/img/share/zero-trust.png\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"11\",{\"property\":\"og:type\",\"content\":\"article\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"12\",{\"name\":\"twitter:card\",\"content\":\"summary_large_image\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"13\",{\"name\":\"twitter:title\",\"content\":\"Three elements of cryptographic agility | CMS Information Security \u0026 Privacy Group\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"14\",{\"name\":\"twitter:description\",\"content\":\"Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently\"}],[\"$\",\"meta\",\"15\",{\"name\":\"twitter:image\",\"content\":\"https://security.cms.gov/assets/img/share/zero-trust.png\"}],[\"$\",\"link\",\"16\",{\"rel\":\"icon\",\"href\":\"/favicon.ico\",\"type\":\"image/x-icon\",\"sizes\":\"48x48\"}]]\n4:null\n"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"18:\"$Sreact.suspense\"\n19:I[9083,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"972\",\"static/chunks/972-6e520d137ef194fb.js\",\"333\",\"static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/page-f876d06b0ce94ef3.js\"],\"TrackPageView\"]\n1b:I[3664,[\"30\",\"static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js\",\"317\",\"static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js\",\"972\",\"static/chunks/972-6e520d137ef194fb.js\",\"333\",\"static/chunks/app/posts/%5Bslug%5D/page-f876d06b0ce94ef3.js\"],\"default\"]\n1a:T273a,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003ch2\u003eWhat is cryptographic agility?\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCryptographic agility, also called cryptoagility, is the ability for a system to quickly and easily change parts of their encryption mechanism(s). This encompasses changing encryption keys, key lengths, encryption algorithms used, and even changing the libraries used to perform the encryption. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThere is not currently an official cryptoagility standard for Federal Agencies, but research into it and \u003ca href=\"https://www.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/2022-05/22_0512_plcy_2966-01_cryptographic-agility-infographic.pdf\"\u003eresources from the Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency\u003c/a\u003e (CISA) led the ISPG Zero Trust team to identify three elements of a Cryptographically Agile system: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse modern cryptography. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMaintain an accurate cryptographic inventory. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eEngineer in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis document sets out further definitions of cryptographic agility for CMS Federal Information Security Modernization Act (FISMA) Systems to strive for. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eUse modern cryptography \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eFISMA Systems should use modern cryptographic algorithms, robust key lengths, and well-tested implementations of said algorithms. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has written much on the topic, but a good rule of thumb is to stick with implementations that are FIPS 140-2 validated (see note below). Tools that are FedRAMP approved will be FIPS 140-2 validated. \u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/specialpublications/nist.sp.800-57pt3r1.pdf\"\u003eNIST Special Publication 800-57 Part 3\u003c/a\u003e has detailed information about preferred cryptographic algorithms and key lengths. They can be summarized as: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003ctable\u003e\u003ctbody\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eKey Type\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAlgorithms and \u003c/strong\u003e \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eMinimum Key Sizes\u003c/strong\u003e \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003ePublic Key Infrastructure (PKI). \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eDigital Signature keys used for authentication (for Users or Devices) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eRSA (2048 bits). ECDSA (Curve P-256) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eDigital Signature keys used for non-repudiation (for Users or Devices) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eRSA (2048 bits) ECDSA (Curves P-256 or P-384) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eKey Establishment keys (for Users or Devices) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eRSA (2048 bits) Diffie-Hellman (2048 bits) ECDH (Curves P-256 or P-384) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eEncryption for Data at Rest \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSymmetric key \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eAES (128 bits) \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003ctr\u003e\u003ctd\u003eHashing and Message Digests \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eOne-Way Hash, unkeyed \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003ctd\u003eSHA-256 \u0026nbsp;\u003c/td\u003e\u003c/tr\u003e\u003c/tbody\u003e\u003c/table\u003e\u003cp\u003eWebsites and other internet services that operate over TCP/IP shall use Transport Layer Security (TLS) version 1.3 to encrypt the network traffic. TLS 1.3 is based on PKI, and the above algorithms and key lengths are also recommended. If a system has devices that cannot use TLS 1.3, the connection may fall back to TLS 1.2. \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://www.cms.gov/files/document/hhsencryption-policy.pdf\"\u003eTLS 1.0 and 1.1 shall not be used\u003c/a\u003e as per the HHS Policy for Encryption of Computing Devices and Information in Section 6.23. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the event that your software needs to directly perform cryptographic operations, here at CMS we prefer that you do not implement your own cryptographic algorithms and instead use a well-established library that is FIPS 140-2 approved such as OpenSSL. Wikipedia has a chart \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_cryptography_libraries\"\u003ecomparing different cryptography libraries\u003c/a\u003e and includes their FIPS 140 status. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eA Note on FIPS 140: A new version of FIPS 140 has been released, version 3, and systems will be required to use only FIPS 140-3 compliant tools starting in September 2026. As of December 2023, there are \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://csrc.nist.gov/projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/validated-modules/search?SearchMode=Advanced\u0026amp;Standard=140-3\u0026amp;CertificateStatus=Active\u0026amp;ValidationYear=0\"\u003efew validated FIPS 14-3 implementations,\u003c/a\u003e but many popular services and hardware are \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://csrc.nist.gov/Projects/cryptographic-module-validation-program/modules-in-process/Modules-In-Process-List\"\u003eundergoing evaluations.\u003c/a\u003e If selecting a new product, it would be wise to choose one that is undergoing evaluation. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eMaintain an accurate cryptographic inventory \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eTo know what to fix, we need to know what we cryptographic algorithms we are using in our various systems. This will include data in transit, data at rest, and (as the technology becomes more accessible) data in use. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhile having an accurate inventory is important, it is not expected that CMS FISMA Systems will have a unified, automated solution that contains all the different encryptions just yet. Teams may need to look in different places to collect all this information. The Zero Trust program in ISPG is researching an automated solution that would be suitable for CMS. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe inventory will need to include where the encryption is being used (in transit, at rest, or in use), what algorithm is used, what key length is used, and (where available) what library or tool is providing the encryption. It is also desirable to be able to explain why a particular setup is used or note any exceptions. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eInfrastructure as a Service (IaaS) providers often have a key management service for storing keys used for encrypting data at rest, and they often have a service for storing TLS certificates, but they are likely not the same service. For example, AWS provides the \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://docs.aws.amazon.com/kms/latest/developerguide/rotate-keys.html\"\u003eKey Management System\u003c/a\u003e for general key management, and the \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://aws.amazon.com/certificate-manager/\"\u003eAWS Certificate Manager\u003c/a\u003e is available for your TLS certificates.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp lang=\"EN-US\"\u003eThe Office of Management and Budget (OMB) requires agencies to report on their cryptographic inventories \u003ca href=\"https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/M-23-02-M-Memo-on-Migrating-to-Post-Quantum-Cryptography.pdf\"\u003eunder M-23-02\u003c/a\u003e, though they are slowly rolling out which systems are included in their reports. The Zero Trust Program will reach out to the ISSOs of FISMA systems required to submit for 2024.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch2\u003eEngineer in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.dictionary.com/browse/agility\"\u003eAgility\u003c/a\u003e in general is the “the power of moving quickly and easily.”, so cryptoagility is the ability to move quickly and easily around all things encryption. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe \u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-key-management-handbook#key-management-lifecycle-best-practices\"\u003eKey Management Handbook from ISPG\u003c/a\u003e recommends that systems rotate encryption keys once per year (see the “Key Rotation” section). \u0026nbsp;Teams should have a documented process, whether the process is manual or automated. This includes both TLS certificates and database (or other storage) encryption keys. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIdeally, a team should be able to rotate keys and certificates in minutes not hours so that if a key compromise happens response time is low. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen using libraries to implement encryption functions in software, the software should be architected in a way to allow for the library to be updated without having to change the code (assuming that the new version of the library is backwards compatible). Where possible, key length should not be hard coded, and instead provided via a configuration file. Use of specific algorithms should be abstracted in such a way that if the team wanted to use a different algorithm or different library for the same algorithm the code can be changed in one place and used everywhere. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn “\u003ca rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https://security.cms.gov/posts/cryptographic-agility-zeitgeist\"\u003eCryptoAgility in the Zeitgeist\u003c/a\u003e”, we talked about the 2014 Heartbleed exploit for OpenSSL. While a patch was available quickly for OpenSSL, it took months for most systems to be updated. As we seek to balance security and process, we need to contemplate the speed at which we want to mitigate and remediate such exploits. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eWhen designing software and development processes, consider these guidelines for how long it should take for a system to make these changes: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eMinutes to update and rotate a key \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMinutes to update a library to a new version \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eHours to change key lengths \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eLess than 1 sprint to change the algorithm or library \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003eConclusion \u0026nbsp;\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eCryptoAgility is an integral part not just of Zero Trust, but a mature software development process. By factoring the three main elements of CryptoAgility into processes early, we can improve our ability to respond to cryptographic issues early. It may take time to add CryptoAgility into existing systems, but the Zero Trust team is here to support teams. We will be releasing specific guidance on implementation for different environments, such as AWS, via the internal CMS Cloud documentation in the coming months. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIn the meantime, think about how the three elements apply to your systems: \u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eUse modern cryptography.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eMaintain an accurate cryptographic inventory. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eEngineer in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently. \u0026nbsp;\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"5:[[\"$\",\"$18\",null,{\"fallback\":null,\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L19\",null,{\"type\":\"Blog post\",\"name\":\"Three elements of cryptographic agility\"}]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"hero hero--theme-blog-post undefined\",\"children\":[false,[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"maxw-widescreen margin-x-auto padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-6 desktop:padding-y-7\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"tablet:grid-container position-relative \",\"children\":[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__row grid-row grid-gap\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"tablet:grid-col-5 widescreen:position-relative\",\"children\":[false,false]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__column tablet:grid-col-7 flow padding-bottom-2\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__published font-sans-2xs line-height-sans-4 margin-bottom-0\",\"children\":[\"Published: \",\"4/17/2024\"]}],\"$undefined\",false,[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__heading margin-0 line-height-sans-3 desktop:line-height-sans-2\",\"children\":\"Three elements of cryptographic agility\"}],\"$undefined\",\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"hero__meta radius-lg padding-x-2 padding-y-1 bg-white font-sans-2xs line-height-sans-5 display-inline-block text-primary-darker\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"address\",null,{\"children\":[\"by \",[\"$\",\"span\",null,{\"className\":\"text-bold\",\"children\":\"Zero Trust\"}]]}]}],false,false]}],false,false]}]}]}]]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"grid-container padding-top-5 tablet-lg: padding-top-7 content\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"aria-label\":\"short description\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"overline font-serif-md tablet:font-serif-lg text-light line-height-serif-2 margin-0 text-italic\",\"children\":\"Cryptographic agility is achieved through modern crypto, accurate inventories, and engineering in the ability to make encryption changes quickly and efficiently\"}]}],[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"data-testid\":\"text-block\",\"className\":\"text-block [ flow ] font-family-sans text-base-darkest\",\"children\":[\"$undefined\",[\"$\",\"div\",null,{\"className\":\"text-block__text\",\"dangerouslySetInnerHTML\":{\"__html\":\"$1a\"}}]]}],null,[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"publisher margin-y-4\",\"children\":[[\"$\",\"h1\",null,{\"className\":\"h3 publisher__header margin-0\",\"children\":\"About the publisher:\"}],[\"$\",\"p\",null,{\"className\":\"publisher__bio margin-top-3 padding-bottom-1 text-normal\",\"style\":{\"backgroundImage\":\"url(/_next/static/media/publisherIcon.17e44546.svg)\",\"backgroundRepeat\":\"no-repeat\",\"backgroundSize\":\"3.125rem\"},\"children\":\"The Zero Trust Team works to help CMS implement the Executive Order that requires continuous verification of system users to promote stronger security. We introduce new tools and streamline processes to support the transition to Zero Trust throughout the enterprise.\"}]]}]]}],[\"$\",\"section\",null,{\"className\":\"bg-primary-lighter\",\"children\":[\"$\",\"$L1b\",null,{\"items\":[{\"heading\":\"ZT Scary Zoom Background Contest\",\"id\":\"5e3df9d4-2273-40eb-95e1-d07b4888a601\",\"link\":\"/posts/zt-scary-zoom-background-contect\",\"date\":\"2024-09-27T19:53:55+00:00\",\"publisher\":\"Zero Trust\",\"terms\":[\"Training \u0026 Awareness\"],\"image\":{\"src\":\"https://cybergeek.cms.gov/sites/default/files/2023-10/a-bug.png\",\"alt\":\"A bug\",\"height\":195,\"width\":273}},{\"heading\":\"ZT Devices Pillar: Enforcing security policies and monitoring compliance \",\"id\":\"40ab32cd-e8f0-459f-9d41-60d3cfe4b281\",\"link\":\"/posts/zt-devices-pillar-enforcing-security-policies-and-monitoring-compliance\",\"date\":\"2024-09-16T18:13:38+00:00\",\"publisher\":\"Zero Trust\",\"terms\":[\"Federal Policy \u0026 Guidance\"],\"image\":{\"src\":\"https://cybergeek.cms.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Description%3DThe%20cloud.png\",\"alt\":\"Cloud with upload arrow\",\"height\":195,\"width\":273}},{\"heading\":\"GitHub Secret Scanning: Enhancing security, ARS compliance, and Zero Trust\",\"id\":\"7696dd88-b633-46f5-b95d-52a3aa6ba29b\",\"link\":\"/posts/github-secret-scanning-enhancing-security-ars-compliance-and-zero-trust\",\"date\":\"2024-08-06T10:15:00+00:00\",\"publisher\":\"Zero Trust\",\"terms\":[\"Application Security\"],\"image\":{\"src\":\"https://cybergeek.cms.gov/sites/default/files/2023-03/Description%3DThe%20vault.png\",\"alt\":\"Person using a vault with important documents\",\"height\":195,\"width\":273}}],\"count\":3,\"mobileCount\":3,\"sectionHeading\":\"Related posts and updates\",\"viewMore\":{\"url\":\"/posts\",\"title\":\"See all posts\"},\"type\":\"blog-posts\"}]}]]\n"])</script></body></html> |