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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><link rel="preload" as="image" href="/_next/static/media/CyberGeek-logo.8e9bbd2b.svg" fetchPriority="high"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/ef46db3751d8e999.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="/_next/static/css/0759e90f4fecfde7.css" data-precedence="next"/><link rel="preload" as="script" fetchPriority="low" href="/_next/static/chunks/webpack-182b67d00f496f9d.js"/><script src="/_next/static/chunks/fd9d1056-ad09c71b7719f2fb.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/23-260042deb5df7a88.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/main-app-6de3c3100b91a0a9.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/30-49b1c1429d73281d.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/317-0f87feacc1712b2f.js" async=""></script><script src="/_next/static/chunks/223-bc9ed43510898bbb.js" 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Materials (SBOM)</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/security-operations">Security Operations</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-8-incident-response-ir"><span>Incident Response</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cms-cybersecurity-integration-center-ccic"><span>CMS Cybersecurity Integration Center (CCIC)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/penetration-testing-pentesting"><span>Penetration Testing</span></a></li></ul></section></div><div class="usa-col"><section><h3 class="usa-col__list-header"><a href="/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting">Risk Management and Reporting</a></h3><ul class="usa-nav__submenu-list"><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm"><span>Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/cyber-risk-reports"><span>Cyber Risk Reports</span></a></li><li class="usa-nav__submenu-item font-sans-2xs"><a class="padding-x-0" href="/learn/plan-action-and-milestones-poam"><span>Plan of Action and Milestones (POA&M)</span></a></li></ul></section></div></li></ul></li><li class="usa-nav__primary-item"><button type="button" class="usa-accordion__button usa-nav__link font-family-serif text-medium tablet:text-no-wrap desktop:text-primary-vivid" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="privacy"><span>Privacy</span></button><ul id="privacy" class="usa-nav__submenu usa-megamenu bg-white" hidden=""><li class="grid-row grid-gap-3 padding-bottom-6"><div class="usa-col text-center desktop:text-right text-normal position-relative nav-label"><span 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padding-x-2 desktop:padding-x-0 padding-top-4 padding-bottom-6 desktop:padding-y-7"><div class="tablet:grid-container position-relative "><div class="hero__row grid-row grid-gap"><div class="tablet:grid-col-5 widescreen:position-relative"></div><div class="hero__column tablet:grid-col-7 flow padding-bottom-2"><h1 class="hero__heading margin-0 line-height-sans-3 desktop:line-height-sans-2">CMS Risk Management Framework (RMF): Select Step</h1><p class="hero__description">Select, tailor, and document the controls necessary to protect the CMS information system</p><p class="font-sans-2xs line-height-sans-5 margin-bottom-0">Last reviewed<!-- -->: <!-- -->12/5/2024</p><div class="hero__meta radius-lg padding-x-2 padding-y-1 bg-white font-sans-2xs line-height-sans-5 display-inline-block text-primary-darker">Contact: <span class="text-bold">ISPG Policy Team</span><span class="hidden-mobile"> | </span><span class="break-mobile"><a href="mailto:CISO@cms.hhs.gov">CISO@cms.hhs.gov</a></span></div></div></div></div></div></section><div class="grid-container"><div class="grid-row grid-gap margin-top-5"><div class="tablet:grid-col-4"><nav class="table-of-contents overflow-y-auto overflow-x-hidden position-sticky top-3 padding-1 radius-lg shadow-2 display-none tablet:display-block" aria-label="Table of contents"><div class="text-uppercase text-bold border-bottom border-base-lighter padding-bottom-1">Table of Contents</div><p class="text-italic text-base font-sans-xs">No table of content entries to display.</p></nav></div><div class="tablet:grid-col-8"><section class="resource-collection radius-md padding-y-2 padding-x-3 bg-base-lightest"><h1 class="resource-collection__header h3 margin-top-0 margin-bottom-2">Related Resources</h1><div class="grid-row grid-gap-4"><div class="tablet:grid-col-4 tablet:margin-top-0"><a class="text-no-underline text-bold" href="/learn/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf">CMS Risk Management Framework (RMF)</a></div><div class="tablet:grid-col-4 margin-top-4 tablet:margin-top-0"><a class="text-no-underline text-bold" href="/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist">National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</a></div></div></section><section><div class="text-block text-block--theme-library"><h2>What is the Risk Management Framework (RMF)?</h2><p><a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist">The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)</a> created the RMF to provide a structured, flexible process to manage risk throughout a system’s life cycle. Using the RMF process helps CMS authorize and monitor our information systems and keep them safe.</p><p>The RMF is made up of 7 steps:</p><ul><li><a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-prepare-step">Prepare</a></li><li><a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-categorize-step">Categorize</a></li><li><strong>Select</strong> (this step)</li><li><a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-implement-step">Implement</a></li><li><a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-assess-step">Assess</a></li><li><a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-authorize-step">Authorize</a></li><li><a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-monitor-step">Monitor</a></li></ul><h2>What is the Select step?</h2><p>The purpose of the Select step is to select, tailor, and document the controls necessary to protect the information system and organization.</p><p>This protection should be commensurate with risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the nation.</p><h3>Task S-1: Control selection</h3><p>Select the controls for the system and the environment of operation, ensuring they are aligned with identified risks and organizational requirements.</p><p><strong>Potential Inputs:</strong></p><ul><li>The <strong>security categorization</strong> input involves <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma#perform-system-risk-categorization">classifying the system</a> based on its impact level, such as low, moderate, or high. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of security controls needed to protect the system and its assets.</li><li>The <strong>risk assessment results</strong> provide insight into the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap">threats, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts</a> associated with the system. These results guide the selection of controls by identifying areas of highest risk that require mitigation</li><li>The <strong>system element information</strong> is detailed information about the components, subsystems, or elements comprising the system. Understanding the system's architecture and functionalities is crucial for selecting controls that adequately protect all system elements.</li><li>The <strong>security and privacy requirements</strong> are <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars">specific measures mandated</a> by regulations, standards, organizational policies, or contractual agreements. Control selection must align with these requirements to ensure compliance and mitigate associated risks.</li><li>The <strong>contractual requirements</strong> are <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/security-and-privacy-requirements-it-procurements">security and privacy stipulations</a> outlined in contracts with external parties, such as vendors or service providers. These requirements impact control selection and implementation, as failure to comply may result in contractual breaches or legal consequences.</li><li>The <strong>business impact analysis or criticality analysis</strong> input involves <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-contingency-plan-iscp-handbook#what-is-a-business-impact-analysis-bia">evaluating the potential impact of security incidents</a> or disruptions on business operations. Understanding the criticality of system components helps prioritize control selection efforts and allocate resources effectively.</li><li>The <strong>risk management strategy</strong> is the organization's approach to <a href="https://security.cms.gov/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting">identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks</a>. The risk management strategy informs control selection decisions by providing overarching guidance on risk tolerance levels and mitigation priorities.</li><li>The <strong>organizational security and privacy policy</strong> is the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2">established policies and guidelines</a> governing security and privacy practices within the organization. These policies influence control selection by defining the organization's security objectives, requirements, and acceptable practices.</li><li>The <strong>approved baselines or overlays</strong> are pre-defined sets of controls or additional requirements specified by <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist">regulatory bodies or industry standards</a>. Baselines serve as reference frameworks for control selection, providing a structured approach to addressing common security and privacy concerns.</li></ul><p><strong>Expected Outputs:</strong></p><p>The primary output of Task S-1 is the selection of controls tailored to the system and its environment of operation. These controls should reflect the identified risks, security categorization, and organizational requirements, ensuring comprehensive protection for the system and its assets.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p><p>For each information system, the appropriate baseline of security controls is automatically allocated by <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts">CFACTS</a> based on its defined <a href="https://security.cms.gov/posts/watch-and-learn-system-categorization-cfacts">security category</a>. The security category must be completed before tailoring the security controls.</p><p>Control selection is not a one-time process. It should be continuously reviewed and updated. Regular monitoring of controls ensures that they remain effective in mitigating risks and addressing new threats.</p><p>It's essential to establish processes for ongoing monitoring and periodic review of control effectiveness.</p><p>For more information on the control selection process, please see the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl">Security & Privacy Planning (PL) page</a>.</p><p><strong>Cybersecurity Framework:</strong> Profile</p><p><strong>TLC Cycle Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>New: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate">Initiate</a></li><li>Existing: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate">Operate</a></li></ul><h3>Task S-2: Control tailoring</h3><p>Tailor the controls selected for the system and the environment of operation to ensure they effectively address specific mission or business needs, threats, security and privacy risks, and system characteristics.</p><p>Tailoring controls involves adjusting their implementation details, scope, or intensity based on various factors, such as mission or business functions, identified threats and vulnerabilities, system type, and risk tolerance levels.</p><p><strong>Potential Inputs:</strong></p><ul><li>The <strong>initial control baselines</strong> are the initial set of controls selected in Task S-1 provides the foundation for tailoring efforts. These baselines serve as a starting point for customization.</li><li>The <strong>organization- and system-level risk assessment results</strong> findings inform the tailoring process by identifying specific threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be addressed through control customization</li><li>The <strong>system element information</strong> is detailed information about the components, subsystems, or elements comprising the system. This information helps in understanding the system's architecture and functionalities, enabling more effective tailoring of controls</li><li>The <strong>system component inventory</strong> is comprehensive inventory of system components provides insight into the various assets and resources that need to be protected. This inventory guides control tailoring efforts by identifying critical components that require enhanced protection.</li><li>The <strong>list of security and privacy requirements</strong> as well as any specific contractual obligations, serve as guiding principles for control tailoring. Controls are customized to meet these requirements effectively.</li></ul><p><strong>Expected Outputs:</strong></p><p>The primary output of Task S-2 is a list of tailored controls for the system and its operating environment. These tailored controls reflect adjustments made to the initial set of controls to better address the organization's specific needs and risk landscape.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p><p>The process for tailoring of security controls can be done in CFACTS.</p><p>The System Owner plays a key role in overseeing the tailoring process. They are responsible for understanding the system's requirements, risk landscape, and operational needs, ensuring that tailored controls effectively meet these objectives.</p><p>The Common Control Provider is responsible for implementing, assessing, and monitoring common controls across multiple systems. They contribute to tailoring efforts by adjusting common controls to suit the specific needs of the system and its environment of operation.</p><p>The Authorizing Official (AO) or Authorizing Designated Representative is responsible for providing oversight and approval of the tailored controls. They ensure that the selected controls adequately address organizational requirements and align with risk management objectives.</p><p>Please see the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl">Security & Privacy Planning (PL) page</a> for the CMS-specific process for tailoring the initial baseline of security controls in CFACTS.</p><p><strong>Cybersecurity Framework:</strong> Profile</p><p><strong>TLC Cycle Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>New: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate">Initiate</a></li><li>Existing: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate">Operate</a></li></ul><h3>Task S-3: Control allocation</h3><p>Task S-3 involves allocating security and privacy controls to the system and its environment of operation, ensuring that controls are appropriately designated as system-specific, hybrid, or common and assigned to relevant system elements.</p><p>Control allocation ensures that the selected controls are applied to the appropriate system elements to provide adequate protection against identified risks and threats. Controls may be designated as system-specific, hybrid, or common based on their applicability to the system and their potential for inheritance by other systems.</p><p><strong>Potential Inputs:</strong></p><ul><li>The <strong>security categorization</strong> of the system is based on its potential impact on organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of controls needed for the system.</li><li>The <strong>organization- and system-level risk assessment results</strong> provide insight into the specific threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be addressed through control allocation.</li><li>Understanding the organizations <strong>enterprise architecture</strong> helps ensure that control allocation aligns with the overall structure and objectives of the organization's IT environment.</li><li>The <strong>security and privacy architectures</strong> create frameworks detailing the organization's security and privacy requirements and strategies guide control allocation efforts.</li><li>The <strong>list of security and privacy requirements</strong> serves as the basis for control allocation decisions, ensuring that controls are aligned with organizational objectives.</li></ul><p><strong>Expected Outputs:</strong></p><p>The primary output of Task S-3 is a list of security and privacy controls allocated to the system, its elements, and the environment of operation. These allocated controls specify which controls are assigned to specific system components and how they are implemented.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p><p>Control allocation ensures that security and privacy controls are allocated efficiently to the system elements that require them most, optimizing resource allocation and minimizing unnecessary overhead.</p><p>By allocating controls to specific system elements, organizations can ensure that critical assets and resources are adequately protected against identified risks and threats, enhancing overall security posture.</p><p>Control allocation ensures that controls are allocated in a manner that aligns with regulatory requirements and industry standards, helping organizations maintain compliance and avoid potential penalties or fines.</p><p>Control allocation is not a one-time process but should be continuously monitored and reviewed to ensure that controls remain effective over time. Organizations should establish mechanisms for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of control effectiveness to adapt to evolving threats and risks.</p><p>The process of control allocation can be done in <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts">CFACTS</a>. Please see <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl">Security & Privacy Planning (PL)</a> for the CMS specific process for control allocation in CFACTS.</p><p><strong>Cybersecurity Framework:</strong>PR.IP, Profile</p><p><strong>TLC Cycle Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>New: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate">Initiate</a></li><li>Existing: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate">Operate</a></li></ul><h3>Task S-4: Documentation of planned control implementations</h3><p>Task S-4 involves documenting the controls selected for the system and its environment of operation in security and privacy plans. This documentation provides an overview of the security and privacy requirements for the system and outlines the intended application of each selected control in the context of the system, providing a sufficient level of detail to correctly implement the control and assess its effectiveness.</p><p><strong>Potential Inputs:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Security Categorization</strong>: The <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma#perform-system-risk-categorization">classification of the system</a> based on its potential impact on organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of controls needed for the system.</li><li><strong>Organization- and System-Level Risk Assessment Results</strong>: Risk assessment findings provide insight into the specific <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap">threats, vulnerabilities, and risks</a> that need to be addressed through control implementation.</li><li><strong>System Element Information</strong>: Details about the system's components, architecture, and operational characteristics. This information helps determine which controls are necessary and how they should be implemented.</li><li><strong>System Component Inventory</strong>: A comprehensive inventory of system components and assets. This inventory helps ensure that all components are adequately protected by the selected controls.</li><li><strong>Business Impact or Criticality Analysis</strong>: Analysis of the system's importance to organizational operations and the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-contingency-plan-iscp-handbook#what-is-a-business-impact-analysis-bia">potential impact of security incidents</a>. This analysis helps prioritize controls and allocate resources effectively.</li><li><strong>List of Security and Privacy Requirements</strong>: The <a href="https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars">organization's security and privacy requirements</a> serve as the basis for selecting and implementing controls. These requirements ensure that controls are aligned with organizational objectives and compliance requirements.</li></ul><p><strong>Expected Outputs:</strong></p><p>The primary output of Task S-4 are the security and privacy plans for the system. These plans provide an overview of the security and privacy requirements, as well as the controls selected to satisfy these requirements.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p><p>The System Security and privacy plan (SSPP) for the system are located in <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts">CFACTS</a>.</p><p>The SSPP is completed by the System/Business Owner, who will secure the appropriate information related to the system’s security and privacy controls.</p><p>The Common Control Provider is responsible for implementing, assessing, and monitoring common controls that are inherited by organizational systems. They collaborate with the System Owner to ensure that common controls are appropriately documented in the security and privacy plans.</p><p>Directions on how to complete the SSPP are located in the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/system-security-and-privacy-plan-sspp">SSPP page</a>.</p><p><strong>Cybersecurity Framework:</strong>Profile</p><p><strong>TLC Cycle Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>New: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate">Initiate</a></li><li>Existing: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate">Operate</a></li></ul><h3>Task S-5: System-level continuous monitoring strategy</h3><p>Task S-5 involves developing and implementing a system-level strategy for monitoring control effectiveness. This strategy supplements the organizational continuous monitoring strategy and ensures ongoing assessment of controls post-implementation.</p><p><strong>Potential Inputs:</strong></p><ul><li><strong>Organizational Risk Management Strategy</strong>: The organization's risk management strategy provides guidance on the identification, assessment, and mitigation of risks. It informs the development of the continuous monitoring strategy to ensure that control effectiveness is monitored in alignment with organizational risk priorities.</li><li><strong>Organizational Continuous Monitoring Strategy</strong>: The organizational continuous monitoring strategy outlines the approach for monitoring control effectiveness across the organization. The system-level strategy supplements and aligns with this overarching strategy.</li><li><strong>Organization- and System-Level Risk Assessment Results</strong>: Risk assessment findings inform the development of the continuous monitoring strategy by identifying relevant threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be monitored post-implementation.</li><li><strong>Security and Privacy Plans</strong>: The security and privacy plans for the system provide details about the selected controls and their intended application. These plans serve as a basis for determining the criteria for monitoring control effectiveness.</li></ul><p><strong>Expected Outputs:</strong></p><p>The primary output of Task S-5 is a continuous monitoring strategy for the system, including time-based triggers for ongoing authorization.</p><p>This strategy outlines the criteria for determining the frequency with which controls are monitored post-implementation and the plan for the ongoing assessment of those controls.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p><p>At CMS, <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm">Continuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)</a> helps strengthen the cybersecurity of government networks and systems by providing automated scanning and analysis of risk. CDM tools are used at CMS to support the overarching Cyber Risk Management Program, which focuses on proactive, risk-based decision making.</p><p>For more information on CDM efforts at CMS, please see the <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm">CDM</a> page.</p><p><strong>Cybersecurity Framework:</strong>ID.GV; DE.CM</p><p><strong>TLC Cycle Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>New: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate">Initiate</a></li><li>Existing: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate">Operate</a></li></ul><h3>Task S-6: Plan review and approval</h3><p>Task S-6 involves reviewing and approving the security and privacy plans for the system and its environment of operation. This ensures that the plans are complete, consistent, and satisfy the stated security and privacy requirements for the system.</p><p><strong>Potential Inputs:</strong></p><ul><li>The <strong>security and privacy plans</strong> for the system serve as the primary input for Task S-6. These plans outline the selected controls and their intended application to meet security and privacy requirements.</li><li>The <strong>organization- and system-level risk assessment results</strong> provide context for reviewing the security and privacy plans. They help ensure that the selected controls effectively mitigate identified risks and vulnerabilities.</li></ul><p><strong>Expected Outputs:</strong></p><p>The primary output of Task S-6 is the approval of the security and privacy plans by the authorizing official or designated representative. This approval signifies that the plans are acceptable and can proceed to the next phase of the RMF process.</p><p><strong>Discussion:</strong></p><p>Every information system operated by or on behalf of the U.S. federal government is required to meet FISMA standards, which includes an <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/authorization-operate-ato">Authorization to Operate (ATO)</a> signed by an Authorizing Official (AO) or Authorizing Official Designated Representative.</p><p>This means that before a system can be deployed into production at CMS, the Business Owner and other stakeholders must go through the process of testing and documenting the system’s security to demonstrate its compliance with federal requirements.</p><p>The System Security and privacy plans for the system are reviewed and approved in <a href="https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts">CFACTS</a>.</p><p><strong>Cybersecurity Framework:</strong>N/A</p><p><strong>TLC Cycle Phase:</strong></p><ul><li>New: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate">Initiate</a></li><li>Existing: <a href="https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate">Operate</a></li></ul><p> </p></div></section></div></div></div></div></main><footer class="usa-footer usa-footer--slim"><div class="grid-container"><div class="grid-row flex-align-end"><div class="grid-col"><div class="usa-footer__return-to-top"><a class="font-sans-xs" href="#">Return to top</a></div></div><div class="grid-col padding-bottom-2 padding-top-4 display-flex flex-justify-end"><a class="usa-button" href="/feedback">Give feedback</a></div></div></div><div class="usa-footer__primary-section"><div class="usa-footer__primary-container grid-row"><div class="tablet:grid-col-3"><a class="usa-footer__primary-link" href="/"><img alt="CyberGeek logo" loading="lazy" width="142" height="26" decoding="async" data-nimg="1" style="color:transparent" 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Using the RMF process helps CMS authorize and monitor our information systems and keep them safe.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe RMF is made up of 7 steps:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-prepare-step\"\u003ePrepare\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-categorize-step\"\u003eCategorize\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelect\u003c/strong\u003e (this step)\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-implement-step\"\u003eImplement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-assess-step\"\u003eAssess\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-authorize-step\"\u003eAuthorize\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-monitor-step\"\u003eMonitor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the Select step?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of the Select step is to select, tailor, and document the controls necessary to protect the information system and organization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis protection should be commensurate with risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the nation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-1: Control selection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelect the controls for the system and the environment of operation, ensuring they are aligned with identified risks and organizational requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity categorization\u003c/strong\u003e input involves \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma#perform-system-risk-categorization\"\u003eclassifying the system\u003c/a\u003e based on its impact level, such as low, moderate, or high. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of security controls needed to protect the system and its assets.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003erisk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e provide insight into the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\"\u003ethreats, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts\u003c/a\u003e associated with the system. These results guide the selection of controls by identifying areas of highest risk that require mitigation\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esystem element information\u003c/strong\u003e is detailed information about the components, subsystems, or elements comprising the system. Understanding the system's architecture and functionalities is crucial for selecting controls that adequately protect all system elements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity and privacy requirements\u003c/strong\u003e are \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\"\u003especific measures mandated\u003c/a\u003e by regulations, standards, organizational policies, or contractual agreements. Control selection must align with these requirements to ensure compliance and mitigate associated risks.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003econtractual requirements\u003c/strong\u003e are \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/security-and-privacy-requirements-it-procurements\"\u003esecurity and privacy stipulations\u003c/a\u003e outlined in contracts with external parties, such as vendors or service providers. These requirements impact control selection and implementation, as failure to comply may result in contractual breaches or legal consequences.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ebusiness impact analysis or criticality analysis\u003c/strong\u003e input involves \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-contingency-plan-iscp-handbook#what-is-a-business-impact-analysis-bia\"\u003eevaluating the potential impact of security incidents\u003c/a\u003e or disruptions on business operations. Understanding the criticality of system components helps prioritize control selection efforts and allocate resources effectively.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003erisk management strategy\u003c/strong\u003e is the organization's approach to \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting\"\u003eidentifying, assessing, and mitigating risks\u003c/a\u003e. The risk management strategy informs control selection decisions by providing overarching guidance on risk tolerance levels and mitigation priorities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganizational security and privacy policy\u003c/strong\u003e is the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2\"\u003eestablished policies and guidelines\u003c/a\u003e governing security and privacy practices within the organization. These policies influence control selection by defining the organization's security objectives, requirements, and acceptable practices.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eapproved baselines or overlays\u003c/strong\u003e are pre-defined sets of controls or additional requirements specified by \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist\"\u003eregulatory bodies or industry standards\u003c/a\u003e. Baselines serve as reference frameworks for control selection, providing a structured approach to addressing common security and privacy concerns.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-1 is the selection of controls tailored to the system and its environment of operation. These controls should reflect the identified risks, security categorization, and organizational requirements, ensuring comprehensive protection for the system and its assets.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor each information system, the appropriate baseline of security controls is automatically allocated by \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e based on its defined \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/posts/watch-and-learn-system-categorization-cfacts\"\u003esecurity category\u003c/a\u003e. The security category must be completed before tailoring the security controls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl selection is not a one-time process. It should be continuously reviewed and updated. Regular monitoring of controls ensures that they remain effective in mitigating risks and addressing new threats.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt's essential to establish processes for ongoing monitoring and periodic review of control effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information on the control selection process, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl\"\u003eSecurity \u0026amp; Privacy Planning (PL) page\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003e Profile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-2: Control tailoring\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTailor the controls selected for the system and the environment of operation to ensure they effectively address specific mission or business needs, threats, security and privacy risks, and system characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTailoring controls involves adjusting their implementation details, scope, or intensity based on various factors, such as mission or business functions, identified threats and vulnerabilities, system type, and risk tolerance levels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003einitial control baselines\u003c/strong\u003e are the initial set of controls selected in Task S-1 provides the foundation for tailoring efforts. These baselines serve as a starting point for customization.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganization- and system-level risk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e findings inform the tailoring process by identifying specific threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be addressed through control customization\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esystem element information\u003c/strong\u003e is detailed information about the components, subsystems, or elements comprising the system. This information helps in understanding the system's architecture and functionalities, enabling more effective tailoring of controls\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esystem component inventory\u003c/strong\u003e is comprehensive inventory of system components provides insight into the various assets and resources that need to be protected. This inventory guides control tailoring efforts by identifying critical components that require enhanced protection.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003elist of security and privacy requirements\u003c/strong\u003e as well as any specific contractual obligations, serve as guiding principles for control tailoring. Controls are customized to meet these requirements effectively.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-2 is a list of tailored controls for the system and its operating environment. These tailored controls reflect adjustments made to the initial set of controls to better address the organization's specific needs and risk landscape.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe process for tailoring of security controls can be done in CFACTS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe System Owner plays a key role in overseeing the tailoring process. They are responsible for understanding the system's requirements, risk landscape, and operational needs, ensuring that tailored controls effectively meet these objectives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Common Control Provider is responsible for implementing, assessing, and monitoring common controls across multiple systems. They contribute to tailoring efforts by adjusting common controls to suit the specific needs of the system and its environment of operation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Authorizing Official (AO) or Authorizing Designated Representative is responsible for providing oversight and approval of the tailored controls. They ensure that the selected controls adequately address organizational requirements and align with risk management objectives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlease see the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl\"\u003eSecurity \u0026amp; Privacy Planning (PL) page\u003c/a\u003e for the CMS-specific process for tailoring the initial baseline of security controls in CFACTS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003e Profile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-3: Control allocation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-3 involves allocating security and privacy controls to the system and its environment of operation, ensuring that controls are appropriately designated as system-specific, hybrid, or common and assigned to relevant system elements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation ensures that the selected controls are applied to the appropriate system elements to provide adequate protection against identified risks and threats. Controls may be designated as system-specific, hybrid, or common based on their applicability to the system and their potential for inheritance by other systems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity categorization\u003c/strong\u003e of the system is based on its potential impact on organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of controls needed for the system.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganization- and system-level risk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e provide insight into the specific threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be addressed through control allocation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding the organizations \u003cstrong\u003eenterprise architecture\u003c/strong\u003e helps ensure that control allocation aligns with the overall structure and objectives of the organization's IT environment.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity and privacy architectures\u003c/strong\u003e create frameworks detailing the organization's security and privacy requirements and strategies guide control allocation efforts.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003elist of security and privacy requirements\u003c/strong\u003e serves as the basis for control allocation decisions, ensuring that controls are aligned with organizational objectives.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-3 is a list of security and privacy controls allocated to the system, its elements, and the environment of operation. These allocated controls specify which controls are assigned to specific system components and how they are implemented.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation ensures that security and privacy controls are allocated efficiently to the system elements that require them most, optimizing resource allocation and minimizing unnecessary overhead.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy allocating controls to specific system elements, organizations can ensure that critical assets and resources are adequately protected against identified risks and threats, enhancing overall security posture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation ensures that controls are allocated in a manner that aligns with regulatory requirements and industry standards, helping organizations maintain compliance and avoid potential penalties or fines.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation is not a one-time process but should be continuously monitored and reviewed to ensure that controls remain effective over time. Organizations should establish mechanisms for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of control effectiveness to adapt to evolving threats and risks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe process of control allocation can be done in \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e. Please see \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl\"\u003eSecurity \u0026amp; Privacy Planning (PL)\u003c/a\u003e for the CMS specific process for control allocation in CFACTS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003ePR.IP, Profile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-4: Documentation of planned control implementations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-4 involves documenting the controls selected for the system and its environment of operation in security and privacy plans. This documentation provides an overview of the security and privacy requirements for the system and outlines the intended application of each selected control in the context of the system, providing a sufficient level of detail to correctly implement the control and assess its effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity Categorization\u003c/strong\u003e: The \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma#perform-system-risk-categorization\"\u003eclassification of the system\u003c/a\u003e based on its potential impact on organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of controls needed for the system.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganization- and System-Level Risk Assessment Results\u003c/strong\u003e: Risk assessment findings provide insight into the specific \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\"\u003ethreats, vulnerabilities, and risks\u003c/a\u003e that need to be addressed through control implementation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystem Element Information\u003c/strong\u003e: Details about the system's components, architecture, and operational characteristics. This information helps determine which controls are necessary and how they should be implemented.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystem Component Inventory\u003c/strong\u003e: A comprehensive inventory of system components and assets. This inventory helps ensure that all components are adequately protected by the selected controls.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBusiness Impact or Criticality Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e: Analysis of the system's importance to organizational operations and the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-contingency-plan-iscp-handbook#what-is-a-business-impact-analysis-bia\"\u003epotential impact of security incidents\u003c/a\u003e. This analysis helps prioritize controls and allocate resources effectively.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eList of Security and Privacy Requirements\u003c/strong\u003e: The \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\"\u003eorganization's security and privacy requirements\u003c/a\u003e serve as the basis for selecting and implementing controls. These requirements ensure that controls are aligned with organizational objectives and compliance requirements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-4 are the security and privacy plans for the system. These plans provide an overview of the security and privacy requirements, as well as the controls selected to satisfy these requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe System Security and privacy plan (SSPP) for the system are located in \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe SSPP is completed by the System/Business Owner, who will secure the appropriate information related to the system’s security and privacy controls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Common Control Provider is responsible for implementing, assessing, and monitoring common controls that are inherited by organizational systems. They collaborate with the System Owner to ensure that common controls are appropriately documented in the security and privacy plans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirections on how to complete the SSPP are located in the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/system-security-and-privacy-plan-sspp\"\u003eSSPP page\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003eProfile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-5: System-level continuous monitoring strategy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-5 involves developing and implementing a system-level strategy for monitoring control effectiveness. This strategy supplements the organizational continuous monitoring strategy and ensures ongoing assessment of controls post-implementation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganizational Risk Management Strategy\u003c/strong\u003e: The organization's risk management strategy provides guidance on the identification, assessment, and mitigation of risks. It informs the development of the continuous monitoring strategy to ensure that control effectiveness is monitored in alignment with organizational risk priorities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganizational Continuous Monitoring Strategy\u003c/strong\u003e: The organizational continuous monitoring strategy outlines the approach for monitoring control effectiveness across the organization. The system-level strategy supplements and aligns with this overarching strategy.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganization- and System-Level Risk Assessment Results\u003c/strong\u003e: Risk assessment findings inform the development of the continuous monitoring strategy by identifying relevant threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be monitored post-implementation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity and Privacy Plans\u003c/strong\u003e: The security and privacy plans for the system provide details about the selected controls and their intended application. These plans serve as a basis for determining the criteria for monitoring control effectiveness.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-5 is a continuous monitoring strategy for the system, including time-based triggers for ongoing authorization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis strategy outlines the criteria for determining the frequency with which controls are monitored post-implementation and the plan for the ongoing assessment of those controls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt CMS, \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\"\u003eContinuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\u003c/a\u003e helps strengthen the cybersecurity of government networks and systems by providing automated scanning and analysis of risk. CDM tools are used at CMS to support the overarching Cyber Risk Management Program, which focuses on proactive, risk-based decision making.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information on CDM efforts at CMS, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\"\u003eCDM\u003c/a\u003e page.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003eID.GV; DE.CM\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-6: Plan review and approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-6 involves reviewing and approving the security and privacy plans for the system and its environment of operation. This ensures that the plans are complete, consistent, and satisfy the stated security and privacy requirements for the system.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity and privacy plans\u003c/strong\u003e for the system serve as the primary input for Task S-6. These plans outline the selected controls and their intended application to meet security and privacy requirements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganization- and system-level risk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e provide context for reviewing the security and privacy plans. They help ensure that the selected controls effectively mitigate identified risks and vulnerabilities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-6 is the approval of the security and privacy plans by the authorizing official or designated representative. This approval signifies that the plans are acceptable and can proceed to the next phase of the RMF process.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eEvery information system operated by or on behalf of the U.S. federal government is required to meet FISMA standards, which includes an \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/authorization-operate-ato\"\u003eAuthorization to Operate (ATO)\u003c/a\u003e signed by an Authorizing Official (AO) or Authorizing Official Designated Representative.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis means that before a system can be deployed into production at CMS, the Business Owner and other stakeholders must go through the process of testing and documenting the system’s security to demonstrate its compliance with federal requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe System Security and privacy plans for the system are reviewed and approved in \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003eN/A\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"19:T5bec,"])</script><script>self.__next_f.push([1,"\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the Risk Management Framework (RMF)?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist\"\u003eThe National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)\u003c/a\u003e created the RMF to provide a structured, flexible process to manage risk throughout a system’s life cycle. Using the RMF process helps CMS authorize and monitor our information systems and keep them safe.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe RMF is made up of 7 steps:\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-prepare-step\"\u003ePrepare\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-categorize-step\"\u003eCategorize\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSelect\u003c/strong\u003e (this step)\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-implement-step\"\u003eImplement\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-assess-step\"\u003eAssess\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-authorize-step\"\u003eAuthorize\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-risk-management-framework-rmf-monitor-step\"\u003eMonitor\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch2\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eWhat is the Select step?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h2\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe purpose of the Select step is to select, tailor, and document the controls necessary to protect the information system and organization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis protection should be commensurate with risk to organizational operations and assets, individuals, other organizations, and the nation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-1: Control selection\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eSelect the controls for the system and the environment of operation, ensuring they are aligned with identified risks and organizational requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity categorization\u003c/strong\u003e input involves \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma#perform-system-risk-categorization\"\u003eclassifying the system\u003c/a\u003e based on its impact level, such as low, moderate, or high. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of security controls needed to protect the system and its assets.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003erisk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e provide insight into the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\"\u003ethreats, vulnerabilities, and potential impacts\u003c/a\u003e associated with the system. These results guide the selection of controls by identifying areas of highest risk that require mitigation\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esystem element information\u003c/strong\u003e is detailed information about the components, subsystems, or elements comprising the system. Understanding the system's architecture and functionalities is crucial for selecting controls that adequately protect all system elements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity and privacy requirements\u003c/strong\u003e are \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\"\u003especific measures mandated\u003c/a\u003e by regulations, standards, organizational policies, or contractual agreements. Control selection must align with these requirements to ensure compliance and mitigate associated risks.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003econtractual requirements\u003c/strong\u003e are \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/security-and-privacy-requirements-it-procurements\"\u003esecurity and privacy stipulations\u003c/a\u003e outlined in contracts with external parties, such as vendors or service providers. These requirements impact control selection and implementation, as failure to comply may result in contractual breaches or legal consequences.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003ebusiness impact analysis or criticality analysis\u003c/strong\u003e input involves \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-contingency-plan-iscp-handbook#what-is-a-business-impact-analysis-bia\"\u003eevaluating the potential impact of security incidents\u003c/a\u003e or disruptions on business operations. Understanding the criticality of system components helps prioritize control selection efforts and allocate resources effectively.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003erisk management strategy\u003c/strong\u003e is the organization's approach to \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/ispg/risk-management-and-reporting\"\u003eidentifying, assessing, and mitigating risks\u003c/a\u003e. The risk management strategy informs control selection decisions by providing overarching guidance on risk tolerance levels and mitigation priorities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganizational security and privacy policy\u003c/strong\u003e is the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-systems-security-privacy-policy-is2p2\"\u003eestablished policies and guidelines\u003c/a\u003e governing security and privacy practices within the organization. These policies influence control selection by defining the organization's security objectives, requirements, and acceptable practices.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eapproved baselines or overlays\u003c/strong\u003e are pre-defined sets of controls or additional requirements specified by \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/national-institute-standards-and-technology-nist\"\u003eregulatory bodies or industry standards\u003c/a\u003e. Baselines serve as reference frameworks for control selection, providing a structured approach to addressing common security and privacy concerns.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-1 is the selection of controls tailored to the system and its environment of operation. These controls should reflect the identified risks, security categorization, and organizational requirements, ensuring comprehensive protection for the system and its assets.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor each information system, the appropriate baseline of security controls is automatically allocated by \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e based on its defined \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/posts/watch-and-learn-system-categorization-cfacts\"\u003esecurity category\u003c/a\u003e. The security category must be completed before tailoring the security controls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl selection is not a one-time process. It should be continuously reviewed and updated. Regular monitoring of controls ensures that they remain effective in mitigating risks and addressing new threats.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eIt's essential to establish processes for ongoing monitoring and periodic review of control effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information on the control selection process, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl\"\u003eSecurity \u0026amp; Privacy Planning (PL) page\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003e Profile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-2: Control tailoring\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTailor the controls selected for the system and the environment of operation to ensure they effectively address specific mission or business needs, threats, security and privacy risks, and system characteristics.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eTailoring controls involves adjusting their implementation details, scope, or intensity based on various factors, such as mission or business functions, identified threats and vulnerabilities, system type, and risk tolerance levels.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003einitial control baselines\u003c/strong\u003e are the initial set of controls selected in Task S-1 provides the foundation for tailoring efforts. These baselines serve as a starting point for customization.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganization- and system-level risk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e findings inform the tailoring process by identifying specific threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be addressed through control customization\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esystem element information\u003c/strong\u003e is detailed information about the components, subsystems, or elements comprising the system. This information helps in understanding the system's architecture and functionalities, enabling more effective tailoring of controls\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esystem component inventory\u003c/strong\u003e is comprehensive inventory of system components provides insight into the various assets and resources that need to be protected. This inventory guides control tailoring efforts by identifying critical components that require enhanced protection.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003elist of security and privacy requirements\u003c/strong\u003e as well as any specific contractual obligations, serve as guiding principles for control tailoring. Controls are customized to meet these requirements effectively.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-2 is a list of tailored controls for the system and its operating environment. These tailored controls reflect adjustments made to the initial set of controls to better address the organization's specific needs and risk landscape.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe process for tailoring of security controls can be done in CFACTS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe System Owner plays a key role in overseeing the tailoring process. They are responsible for understanding the system's requirements, risk landscape, and operational needs, ensuring that tailored controls effectively meet these objectives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Common Control Provider is responsible for implementing, assessing, and monitoring common controls across multiple systems. They contribute to tailoring efforts by adjusting common controls to suit the specific needs of the system and its environment of operation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Authorizing Official (AO) or Authorizing Designated Representative is responsible for providing oversight and approval of the tailored controls. They ensure that the selected controls adequately address organizational requirements and align with risk management objectives.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003ePlease see the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl\"\u003eSecurity \u0026amp; Privacy Planning (PL) page\u003c/a\u003e for the CMS-specific process for tailoring the initial baseline of security controls in CFACTS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003e Profile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-3: Control allocation\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-3 involves allocating security and privacy controls to the system and its environment of operation, ensuring that controls are appropriately designated as system-specific, hybrid, or common and assigned to relevant system elements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation ensures that the selected controls are applied to the appropriate system elements to provide adequate protection against identified risks and threats. Controls may be designated as system-specific, hybrid, or common based on their applicability to the system and their potential for inheritance by other systems.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity categorization\u003c/strong\u003e of the system is based on its potential impact on organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of controls needed for the system.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganization- and system-level risk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e provide insight into the specific threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be addressed through control allocation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eUnderstanding the organizations \u003cstrong\u003eenterprise architecture\u003c/strong\u003e helps ensure that control allocation aligns with the overall structure and objectives of the organization's IT environment.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity and privacy architectures\u003c/strong\u003e create frameworks detailing the organization's security and privacy requirements and strategies guide control allocation efforts.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003elist of security and privacy requirements\u003c/strong\u003e serves as the basis for control allocation decisions, ensuring that controls are aligned with organizational objectives.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-3 is a list of security and privacy controls allocated to the system, its elements, and the environment of operation. These allocated controls specify which controls are assigned to specific system components and how they are implemented.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation ensures that security and privacy controls are allocated efficiently to the system elements that require them most, optimizing resource allocation and minimizing unnecessary overhead.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eBy allocating controls to specific system elements, organizations can ensure that critical assets and resources are adequately protected against identified risks and threats, enhancing overall security posture.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation ensures that controls are allocated in a manner that aligns with regulatory requirements and industry standards, helping organizations maintain compliance and avoid potential penalties or fines.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eControl allocation is not a one-time process but should be continuously monitored and reviewed to ensure that controls remain effective over time. Organizations should establish mechanisms for ongoing monitoring and evaluation of control effectiveness to adapt to evolving threats and risks.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe process of control allocation can be done in \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e. Please see \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/risk-management-handbook-chapter-12-security-privacy-planning-pl\"\u003eSecurity \u0026amp; Privacy Planning (PL)\u003c/a\u003e for the CMS specific process for control allocation in CFACTS.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003ePR.IP, Profile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-4: Documentation of planned control implementations\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-4 involves documenting the controls selected for the system and its environment of operation in security and privacy plans. This documentation provides an overview of the security and privacy requirements for the system and outlines the intended application of each selected control in the context of the system, providing a sufficient level of detail to correctly implement the control and assess its effectiveness.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity Categorization\u003c/strong\u003e: The \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/federal-information-security-modernization-act-fisma#perform-system-risk-categorization\"\u003eclassification of the system\u003c/a\u003e based on its potential impact on organizational operations, assets, and individuals. Security categorization helps determine the appropriate level of controls needed for the system.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganization- and System-Level Risk Assessment Results\u003c/strong\u003e: Risk assessment findings provide insight into the specific \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cybersecurity-risk-assessment-program-csrap\"\u003ethreats, vulnerabilities, and risks\u003c/a\u003e that need to be addressed through control implementation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystem Element Information\u003c/strong\u003e: Details about the system's components, architecture, and operational characteristics. This information helps determine which controls are necessary and how they should be implemented.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSystem Component Inventory\u003c/strong\u003e: A comprehensive inventory of system components and assets. This inventory helps ensure that all components are adequately protected by the selected controls.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eBusiness Impact or Criticality Analysis\u003c/strong\u003e: Analysis of the system's importance to organizational operations and the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-information-system-contingency-plan-iscp-handbook#what-is-a-business-impact-analysis-bia\"\u003epotential impact of security incidents\u003c/a\u003e. This analysis helps prioritize controls and allocate resources effectively.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eList of Security and Privacy Requirements\u003c/strong\u003e: The \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/policy-guidance/cms-acceptable-risk-safeguards-ars\"\u003eorganization's security and privacy requirements\u003c/a\u003e serve as the basis for selecting and implementing controls. These requirements ensure that controls are aligned with organizational objectives and compliance requirements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-4 are the security and privacy plans for the system. These plans provide an overview of the security and privacy requirements, as well as the controls selected to satisfy these requirements.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe System Security and privacy plan (SSPP) for the system are located in \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/cms-fisma-continuous-tracking-system-cfacts\"\u003eCFACTS\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe SSPP is completed by the System/Business Owner, who will secure the appropriate information related to the system’s security and privacy controls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe Common Control Provider is responsible for implementing, assessing, and monitoring common controls that are inherited by organizational systems. They collaborate with the System Owner to ensure that common controls are appropriately documented in the security and privacy plans.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eDirections on how to complete the SSPP are located in the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/system-security-and-privacy-plan-sspp\"\u003eSSPP page\u003c/a\u003e.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003eProfile\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-5: System-level continuous monitoring strategy\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-5 involves developing and implementing a system-level strategy for monitoring control effectiveness. This strategy supplements the organizational continuous monitoring strategy and ensures ongoing assessment of controls post-implementation.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganizational Risk Management Strategy\u003c/strong\u003e: The organization's risk management strategy provides guidance on the identification, assessment, and mitigation of risks. It informs the development of the continuous monitoring strategy to ensure that control effectiveness is monitored in alignment with organizational risk priorities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganizational Continuous Monitoring Strategy\u003c/strong\u003e: The organizational continuous monitoring strategy outlines the approach for monitoring control effectiveness across the organization. The system-level strategy supplements and aligns with this overarching strategy.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOrganization- and System-Level Risk Assessment Results\u003c/strong\u003e: Risk assessment findings inform the development of the continuous monitoring strategy by identifying relevant threats, vulnerabilities, and risks that need to be monitored post-implementation.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eSecurity and Privacy Plans\u003c/strong\u003e: The security and privacy plans for the system provide details about the selected controls and their intended application. These plans serve as a basis for determining the criteria for monitoring control effectiveness.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-5 is a continuous monitoring strategy for the system, including time-based triggers for ongoing authorization.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThis strategy outlines the criteria for determining the frequency with which controls are monitored post-implementation and the plan for the ongoing assessment of those controls.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eDiscussion:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eAt CMS, \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\"\u003eContinuous Diagnostics and Mitigation (CDM)\u003c/a\u003e helps strengthen the cybersecurity of government networks and systems by providing automated scanning and analysis of risk. CDM tools are used at CMS to support the overarching Cyber Risk Management Program, which focuses on proactive, risk-based decision making.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eFor more information on CDM efforts at CMS, please see the \u003ca href=\"https://security.cms.gov/learn/continuous-diagnostics-and-mitigation-cdm\"\u003eCDM\u003c/a\u003e page.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eCybersecurity Framework:\u003c/strong\u003eID.GV; DE.CM\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTLC Cycle Phase:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eNew: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/initiate\"\u003eInitiate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eExisting: \u003ca href=\"https://www.cms.gov/data-research/cms-information-technology/tlc/operate\"\u003eOperate\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003ch3\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eTask S-6: Plan review and approval\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cp\u003eTask S-6 involves reviewing and approving the security and privacy plans for the system and its environment of operation. This ensures that the plans are complete, consistent, and satisfy the stated security and privacy requirements for the system.\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003ePotential Inputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003esecurity and privacy plans\u003c/strong\u003e for the system serve as the primary input for Task S-6. These plans outline the selected controls and their intended application to meet security and privacy requirements.\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003eThe \u003cstrong\u003eorganization- and system-level risk assessment results\u003c/strong\u003e provide context for reviewing the security and privacy plans. They help ensure that the selected controls effectively mitigate identified risks and vulnerabilities.\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eExpected Outputs:\u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp\u003eThe primary output of Task S-6 is the approval of the security and privacy plans by the authorizing official or designated representative. 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