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<title>Section 1: Overview of Key Concepts and Tools | Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality</title>
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<span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Section 1: Overview of Key Concepts and Tools</span>
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<div property="schema:text" class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field__item"><p><img alt="TeamSTEPPS logo" data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="7b3d0374-f10e-4329-a2a8-ce36de14701d" height="250" src="/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/teamstepps-program/curriculum/module2-section2.png" width="250" class="align-right" loading="lazy">This section provides an overview of the key concepts and tools in the Situation Monitoring Module. More explanations and illustrations are provided in <a href="/teamstepps-program/curriculum/situation/tools/index.html">section 2 of this module</a>; methods for teaching the concepts and tools for this module are in <a href="/teamstepps-program/curriculum/situation/teach/index.html">section 3</a>. Information about implementing the module's tools, including knowing whether an organization is ready for implementation, is provided in the <a href="/teamstepps-program/curriculum/implement/index.html">Implementation Section</a>.</p>
<h2>Key Concepts</h2>
<h3>Situation Monitoring</h3>
<p>Situation monitoring is one of the four essential skills that are central to safe, efficient, and patient-centered care.</p>
<p>Situation monitoring is the process of actively scanning behaviors and actions to assess elements of the situation or environment.</p>
<p><img alt="Situation Monitoring (individual skill) leads to Situation Awareness (individual outcome) leads to shared mental model (team outcome), which leads back to situation monitoring." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="6735c41e-97d5-4285-b7a0-68df3fd9997a" height="250" src="/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/teamstepps-program/curriculum/ts-sit-monitoring-circle.png" width="250" class="align-right" loading="lazy">Situation monitoring is a continuous process composed of three elements:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>Situation monitoring (an individual skill):</strong> The process of continually scanning and assessing a situation to gain and maintain an understanding of whats going on around you.</li>
<li><strong>Situation awareness (an individual outcome):</strong> The state of "knowing what's going on around you." It assumes the continuous monitoring of the status of:
<ul>
<li>The patient.</li>
<li>Other team members.</li>
<li>The environment.</li>
<li>Progress toward team goals.</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><strong>Shared mental models (a team outcome):</strong> Results from each team member maintaining situation awareness and communicating to ensure that all team members are in agreement. Shared mental models enable the team to anticipate and predict each other's needs; identify changes in the team, task, or teammates; and adjust the course of action or strategies as needed.</li>
</ul>
<h2>Situation Monitoring Tools</h2>
<h3>STEP</h3>
<p><img alt="STEP stands for status of patient, team members, environment, and progress toward goal." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="b5c52750-76dc-4853-b1b3-beff093f1757" height="198" src="/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/teamstepps-program/curriculum/ts-step-tool.png" width="250" class="align-right" loading="lazy">STEP is a mnemonic tool that can help individuals monitor critical elements of a situation and overall environment:</p>
<ul>
<li><strong>S</strong>tatus of the patient: patient history, vital signs, medications, physical exam, care plan, psychosocial issues, patient preferences or concerns&nbsp;</li>
<li><strong>T</strong>eam members: fatigue, workload, task performance, skill, stress level</li>
<li><strong>E</strong>nvironment: facility information, administrative information, human resources, triage acuity, equipment&nbsp;</li>
<li><strong>P</strong>rogress toward the goal:
<ul>
<li>Status of teams patients?</li>
<li>Established goals of team?</li>
<li>Tasks/actions of team?</li>
<li>Plan still appropriate?</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<h3><img alt="The I'm Safe Checklist is an acronym for I'm safe and the checklist includes I equals illness, M equals medication, S equals stress, A equals alcohol and drugs, F equals fatigue and E equals eating and elimination." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="42457823-4c5c-4817-8313-94637672c609" height="234" src="/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/teamstepps-program/curriculum/ts-im-safe.png" width="250" class="align-right" loading="lazy">I'M SAFE Checklist</h3>
<p>"I'M SAFE" is a checklist that can be used to determine the ability of you or your team members to perform safely.</p>
<h3>Cross-Monitoring</h3>
<p>A harm error reduction strategy that involves:</p>
<ul>
<li>Monitoring actions of other team members.</li>
<li>Providing a safety net within the team.</li>
<li>Ensuring that mistakes or oversights are caught quickly and easily.</li>
<li>"Watching each others back."</li>
</ul>
<h3>STAR</h3>
<p><img alt="STAR. Each team member must self-check: Stop and pause to focus on the immediate task. Think methodically and identify correct action. Act: perform the act. and Review: Confirm anticipated result has occurred or apply contingency if required. Think before you act! Focus and take a moment to reflect on the intended action, the situation, and the intended outcome." data-entity-type="file" data-entity-uuid="afa4f840-ca17-4a1b-b652-2b29c6c837e1" height="294" src="/sites/default/files/wysiwyg/teamstepps-program/curriculum/ts-star.png" width="250" class="align-right" loading="lazy">STAR (Stop, Think, Act Review) can be used to elicit and share important information about activities and their consequences. Its key elements include:</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
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<span class="citation-hdr">Internet Citation:</span> Section 1: Overview of Key Concepts and Tools. Content last reviewed June 2023. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD.<br>
<span class="citation-url">https://www.ahrq.gov/teamstepps-program/curriculum/situation/overview/index.html</span>
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