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<title>Research Activities, October 1995: Announcements: New projects
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<p><strong>You Are Here:</strong> <span class="crumb_link"><a href="/" class="crumb_link">AHRQ Archive Home</a> > <a href="/research/resarch.htm" class="crumb_link"><em>Research Activities</em> Archive</a> > <a href="." class="crumb_link">October 1995</a>
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<tr>
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<td><h1><a name="h1" id="h1"></a> Announcements </h1>
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</td>
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</tr>
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<tr>
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<td><div id="centerContent"><div class="headnote">
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<p>This information is for reference purposes only. It was current when produced and may now be outdated. Archive material is no longer maintained, and some links may not work. Persons with disabilities having difficulty accessing this information should contact us at: <a href="https://info.ahrq.gov/">https://info.ahrq.gov</a>. Let us know the nature of the problem, the Web address of what you want, and your contact information. </p>
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<p>Please go to <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/">www.ahrq.gov</a> for current information.</p></div>
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<a name="head1"></a><h2>New projects funded</h2>
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<p>The Agency for Health Care Policy and Research has awarded new
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research grants, research
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project cooperative agreements, and/or National Research Service
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Awards, as listed below.
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Please note that investigators generally do not publish findings
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until a study has ended or is
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nearing completion.</p><p>
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<em><strong>Research Grants and Cooperative Agreements</strong></em></p>
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<p><strong>Adoption and use of telecommunications for rural
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health</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: William A. McIntosh, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Texas A&M University<br />
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College Station, TX<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08247<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $370,563 </p>
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<p><strong>Assessing the implementation and impact of CQI efforts</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Stephen M. Shortell, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Northwestern University<br />
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Evanston, IL<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08523<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $202,368</p>
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<p><strong>Consumer assessments of health plans study</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Paul D. Cleary, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Harvard Medical School<br />
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Boston, MA<br />
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Project no: Cooperative agreement HS09205<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/00<br />
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First year funding: $599,996</p>
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<p><strong>Consumer assessments of health plans study</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Ronald D. Hays, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: RAND Corporation<br />
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Santa Monica, CA<br />
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Project no: Cooperative agreement HS09204<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/00<br />
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First year funding: $600,000</p>
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<p><strong>Consumer assessments of health plans study</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: James S. Lubalin, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Research Triangle Institute<br />
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Research Triangle Park, NC<br />
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Project no: Cooperative agreement HS09218<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/00<br />
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First year funding: $800,000</p>
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<p><strong>Determinants of HMO efficiency from 1985 to 1994</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Douglas R. Wholey, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Carnegie Mellon University<br />
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Pittsburgh, PA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09200<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 12/31/96<br />
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First year funding: $87,714</p>
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<p><strong>Effectiveness of outpatient treatment for PID</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Roberta B. Ness, M.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Pittsburgh<br />
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Pittsburgh, PA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08358<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/00<br />
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First year funding: $1,077,730 </p>
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<p><strong>Effects of horizontal hospital mergers</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Robert A. Connor, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Minnesota<br />
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Minneapolis, MN<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09185<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 12/31/96<br />
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First year funding: $128,296</p>
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<p><strong>Effects of managed care on physicians' practices</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Jack Hadley, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Georgetown University<br />
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Washington, DC<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09196<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $183,487</p>
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<p><strong>Efficiency in hospitals: Do HMOs and PPOs "buy right?"</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Jose Escarce, M.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Pennsylvania<br />
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Philadelphia, PA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09194<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $184,940 </p>
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<p><strong>Emergency medical services for children</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Anthony J. Suruda, M.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Utah<br />
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Salt Lake City, UT<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09057<br />
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Period: 9/1/95 to 8/31/98<br />
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First year funding: $224,958</p>
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<p><strong>Experiment to encourage planning for critical care</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Susan H. Evans, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Southern California<br />
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Los Angeles, CA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09232<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $327,722</p>
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<p><strong>Health care delivery systems and primary care
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performance</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Dana G. Safran, Sc.D.<br />
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Organization: New England Medical Center<br />
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Boston, MA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08841<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $356,750</p>
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<p><strong>Health care markets, managed care, and hospital
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performance</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Glenn A. Melnick, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: RAND Corporation<br />
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Santa Monica, CA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09211<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/98<br />
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First year funding: $194,793</p>
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<p><strong>HMO impact on integrated networks and services</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Lawton R. Burns, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Pennsylvania<br />
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Philadelphia, PA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09237<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 3/31/97<br />
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First year funding: $138,540</p>
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<p><strong>Impact of managed care on physician markets</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: William D. White, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Illinois<br />
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Champaign, IL<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09210<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $150,483</p>
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<p><strong>Managed care and hospital physician integration</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Michael A. Morrisey, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Alabama<br />
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Birmingham, AL<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09183<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 3/31/97<br />
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First year funding: $160,207</p>
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<p><strong>Market forces and rural health: System and consumer
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impact</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Keith J. Mueller, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Nebraska Medical Center<br />
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Omaha, NE<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09195<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $108,475</p>
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<p><strong>Medical malpractice and liability reforms</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: W. Kip Viscusi, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Duke University<br />
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Durham, NC<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08686<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $52,500</p>
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<p><strong>Outcomes of hospital dedicated AIDS units</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Linda H. Aiken, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Pennsylvania<br />
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Philadelphia, PA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08603<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $180,649</p>
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<p><strong>Patient-centered outcomes method for neurologic
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disease</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Carolyn E. Schwartz, Sc.D.<br />
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Organization: Frontier Science and Technology Research<br />
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Foundation, Brookline, MA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08582<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/98<br />
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First year funding: $203,389</p>
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<p><strong>Performance of strategic hospital collectives</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Roice D. Luke, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Virginia Commonwealth University<br />
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Richmond, VA<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09217<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $140,322</p>
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<p><strong>Validating risk prediction models in cardiology</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Elizabeth R. DeLong, M.D.,Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Duke University Medical Center<br />
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Durham, NC<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08805<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/97<br />
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First year funding: $167,925</p>
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<p><strong><em>Small Grant</em></strong></p><p>
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<strong>Primary care physician job satisfaction and turnover</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Modena E. Wilson, M.D.<br />
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Organization: Johns Hopkins University<br />
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Baltimore, MD<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08984<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $72,151</p>
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<p><strong><em>Conference Grants</em></strong></p><p>
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<strong>Assessing psychosocial oral health outcomes</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Gary D. Slade, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of North Carolina<br />
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Chapel Hill, NC<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09254<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $49,915</p>
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<p><strong>Outcome measurers and care delivery systems</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Janet Heinrich, Dr.P.H.<br />
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Organization: American Academy of Nursing<br />
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Washington, DC<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS09242<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $37,500</p>
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<p><strong>Primary care research methods and statistics
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conference</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: David A. Katerndahl, M.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Texas<br />
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San Antonio, TX<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08775<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/99<br />
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First year funding: $31,313</p>
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<p><strong>Urban women's health: Models for the future</strong><br />
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Prin. investigator: Carole Warshaw, M.D.<br />
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Organization: Health and Medical Policy Research Group<br />
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Chicago, IL<br />
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Project no: AHCPR grant HS08885<br />
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Period: 9/30/95 to 9/29/96<br />
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Funding: $37,337</p>
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<p><strong><em>National Research Service Award Fellowships</em></strong></p>
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<p><strong>Cost-effectiveness of MRI breast screening</strong><br />
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Fellow: Sylvia K. Plevritis, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: Stanford University<br />
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Stanford, CA<br />
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Project no: NRSA fellowship F32 HS00100;<br />
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Alan M. Garber, sponsor<br />
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Period: 2-year fellowship<br />
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Funding: $29,900</p>
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<p><strong>Psychosocial effects on gender differences in elderly
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function</strong><br />
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Fellow: Susan S. Merrill, Ph.D.<br />
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Organization: University of Michigan<br />
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Ann Arbor, MI<br />
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Project no: NRSA fellowship F32 HS00114;<br />
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Lois M. Verbrugge, sponsor<br />
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Period: 1-year fellowship<br />
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Funding: $28,600</p>
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<a name="head2"></a><h2>New publications available from AHCPR and
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NTIS</h2>
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<p><strong>AHCPR's Program of Patient Outcomes Research and Related
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Activities. Report to Congress.</strong></p>
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<p>This report describes the patient outcomes research and other
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activities carried out under
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AHCPR's Medical Treatment Effectiveness Program (MEDTEP), which
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is a multifaceted and
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multidisciplinary approach to addressing the complex issues of
|
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health care delivery. The report,
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which was submitted to Congress in April 1995, describes the
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progress of activities under each
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of MEDTEP's four components: (1) outcomes research, which
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examines alternative clinical
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strategies for preventing, diagnosing, treating, and managing
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specific clinical conditions to
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assess their effectiveness, appropriateness, and
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cost-effectiveness in terms of patient outcomes;
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(2) data development, with the goal of improving patient outcomes
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by improving the quality of
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data used in patient care decisionmaking and the quality and
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quantity of data available for
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research; (3) clinical practice guideline development; and (4)
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dissemination and evaluation of
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research findings and clinical practice guidelines.</p><p>
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<strong>Clinical Decision Aid for Genital Chlamydia in Women. AHCPR
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grant HS06396, 5/1/91 to
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12/31/94. Frank A. Sonnenberg, M.D., University of Medicine of
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New Jersey, New
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Brunswick, NJ.</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Genital infection with <em>Chlamydia trachomatis</em> is the most
|
|
common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Genital
|
|
chlamydia has many complications that can be prevented if
|
|
treated, but the majority of infected women are asymptomatic and
|
|
would not be identified for treatment without screening. The
|
|
cost-effectiveness of screening has not previously been
|
|
evaluated. The investigators examined risk factors for chlamydia
|
|
in 2,400 women in primary care practice and determined four risk
|
|
factors that were independently associated with chlamydia
|
|
infection: age (sexually active women up to 30 years of age),
|
|
race (black), cervical friability, and multiple sexual partners.
|
|
A predictive model based on these factors has excellent
|
|
discrimination between high- and low-risk patients. Using a
|
|
cost-utility analysis, the researchers found that screening all
|
|
patients with Chlamydiazyme or with chlamydia culture is highly
|
|
cost-effective in patients up to age 50. However, selective
|
|
screening of high-risk patients with culture is more
|
|
cost-effective than universal screening and actually can save
|
|
money compared with no testing or testing only symptomatic
|
|
patients.</p><p>
|
|
|
|
<strong>Consumer Survey Information in a Reforming Health Care
|
|
System.</strong> </p>
|
|
<p>This publication summarizes a conference, jointly sponsored by
|
|
AHCPR and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, on issues
|
|
related to consumer survey information in an evolving health care
|
|
system. Participants examined the need for improved information
|
|
both from and for consumers, including the kinds of information
|
|
needed by consumers, clinicians, health plans, and other
|
|
potential users of consumer survey information; the most
|
|
efficient methods for surveying consumers; the kinds of standards
|
|
needed to produce reliable and useful survey data; the
|
|
appropriate roles for the public and private sectors in
|
|
collecting, analyzing, and disseminating consumer information;
|
|
and other related issues. The report includes the conclusions of
|
|
eight workshops and presents four commissioned papers that
|
|
synthesize the current literature, critique existing surveys,
|
|
discuss the challenges of surveying special populations, and
|
|
describe the uses of information from consumer surveys.</p>
|
|
<p><strong>Functional Change in Older Adults. AHCPR grant HS06795, 2/1/91
|
|
to 1/31/93. Vincent
|
|
Mor, Ph.D., Brown University, Providence, RI.</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Preventing functional decline and improving functional status are
|
|
essential steps in achieving
|
|
improved quality of life for older adults. Using the Longitudinal
|
|
Study on Aging (LSOA)
|
|
supplement to the 1984 National Health Interview in which the
|
|
elderly cohort was contacted
|
|
every 2 years until 1990, the researchers developed several
|
|
measures of functional status. After
|
|
controlling for health status, they found that lifestyle factors,
|
|
such as exercise and social activity,
|
|
were related to mortality. When functional status was defined on
|
|
the basis of an activities of
|
|
daily living (ADL)/ independent activities of daily living (IADL)
|
|
hierarchy, 80 to 90 percent of
|
|
women and men ages 80 and older who had several ADL dependencies
|
|
in 1984 had died by
|
|
1990, compared with 31 percent of women and 53 percent of
|
|
same-age men who had no ADL or
|
|
IADL dependencies in 1984. They also found a 10 to 15 percent
|
|
rate of functional improvement
|
|
even among elders with moderate IADL dependence, particularly
|
|
those ages 70 to 79. And
|
|
finally, they examined the relationship between functional status
|
|
and changes in living
|
|
arrangements and found that less than 8 percent of the total
|
|
elderly population moved during a
|
|
2-year period (excluding entry into a nursing home), and that
|
|
most of these changes in residence
|
|
occurred among elders who lived alone. Initial disability level
|
|
had a strong effect on nursing
|
|
home entry but little effect on other types of residential
|
|
changes.</p><p>
|
|
|
|
<strong>Minority Elderly Access to Long-Term Care. AHCPR grant
|
|
HS07672, 2/1/93 to 12/31/94.
|
|
Steven P. Wallace, Ph.D., University of California, Los
|
|
Angeles.</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Using data from the 1987 National Medical Expenditure Survey, the
|
|
researcher examined factors
|
|
that predict nursing home use, use of formal in-home personal
|
|
care (such as help with bathing or
|
|
dressing) in lieu of nursing home care, unpaid in-home care, or
|
|
no personal care. He found that
|
|
even though Medicaid improves access to formal (paid) long-term
|
|
care services, older
|
|
African-Americans and Latinos continue to be less likely to
|
|
receive such services than whites
|
|
who have similar characteristics and needs. Minority elderly also
|
|
are less likely to receive
|
|
nursing home care, and paid formal community-based care does not
|
|
fully compensate for that
|
|
lower use. Care may be shifted onto family caregivers, and some
|
|
minority elders receive no care.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p class="size2"><a href=".">Return to Contents</a><br />
|
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<a href="dept8.htm">Proceed to Next Section</a></p>
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|
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