174 lines
16 KiB
HTML
174 lines
16 KiB
HTML
<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN"
|
|
"http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
|
|
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml">
|
|
<head>
|
|
<title>Research Activities, October 2000: Evidence-Based Medicine: AHRQ releases three new evidence reports</title>
|
|
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" />
|
|
|
|
<!-- "metadata" -->
|
|
<meta name="Title" content="About Research Activities, October 2000" />
|
|
<meta name="keywords" content="Agency for Health Care Policy and Research, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, AHRQ, AHCPR, AIDS/HIV, ambulatory care, benchmark, child, cost, elderly, health cost, healthcare cost, hospital, long-term care, managed care, markets, mental health, methodology, minority health, nursing, nursing homes, outcome research, out-of-pocket spending, patient care, primary, primary care, research, rural, spending, study, Translating Research Into Practice, TRIP" />
|
|
<meta name="description" content="Online newsletter summarizing published findings from AHRQ-funded studies, new AHRQ publications and products, and funding opportunities." />
|
|
<meta name="creator" content="Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ)" />
|
|
<meta name="datecreated" content="October 2000" />
|
|
<meta name="datereviewed" content="October 2000" />
|
|
<meta name="language" content="English" />
|
|
<!-- end metadata -->
|
|
<link href="/includes/archive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
|
|
<link href="/includes/ahrqstyleprint_arch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" media="print" />
|
|
<script>
|
|
(function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){
|
|
(i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o),
|
|
m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m)
|
|
})(window,document,'script','//www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga');
|
|
|
|
ga('create', 'UA-75759936-1', 'auto');
|
|
ga(' set', 'anonymizeIp', true);
|
|
|
|
ga('send', 'pageview');
|
|
|
|
</script></head><body><!-- Google Tag Manager -->
|
|
<noscript><iframe src="//www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-W4DST4"
|
|
height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
|
|
<script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start':
|
|
new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0],
|
|
j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src=
|
|
'//www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f);
|
|
})(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-W4DST4');</script>
|
|
<!-- End Google Tag Manager -->
|
|
<noscript>
|
|
Your browser doesn't support JavaScript. Please upgrade to a modern browser or enable JavaScript in your existing browser.
|
|
</noscript>
|
|
|
|
<!-- Page Header v2.0 -->
|
|
<a name="top" id="top"></a>
|
|
<!--Begin Banner CodeS-->
|
|
<div id="ahrqbanner">
|
|
<div class="hhsportion">
|
|
<a href="#h1" class="skipnav">Skip Navigation</a>
|
|
<a href="http://www.hhs.gov" title="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services">
|
|
<img src="/images/hhs_banner.gif" alt="U.S. Department of Health and Human Services" />
|
|
</a>
|
|
<a href="http://www.hhs.gov" title="www.hhs.gov" class="hhsright">
|
|
<img src="/images/hhs_link.gif" alt="www.hhs.gov" />
|
|
</a>
|
|
</div>
|
|
|
|
<div class="ahrqportion">
|
|
<a href="/" title="Archive: Agency for Healthcare Research Quality">
|
|
<img src="/images/ahrq_banner.gif" alt="Agency for Healthcare Research Quality" />
|
|
</a><form name="searchForm" method="get" action="https://search.ahrq.gov/search" id="banner_searchform">
|
|
<label for="search" style="z-index:-1;position:relative;margin-right:-65px; font-size:0px;">Search</label>
|
|
<input name="q" type="text" value=" Search Archive" size="11" onfocus="this.value='';" class="gotext" label="Search archive" id="search" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="entqr" value="0" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="output" value="xml_no_dtd" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="proxystylesheet" value="ARCHIVE_Front_End" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="client" value="ARCHIVE_Front_End" />
|
|
<input type="hidden" name="site" value="ARCHIVE_AHRQ_GOV" />
|
|
<input src="/images/topbn_GoButton.gif" class="gobtn" name="Submit" onclick="javascript:document.searchForm.submit();" type="image" alt="Search" />
|
|
</form>
|
|
<a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/" class="ahrqright">www.ahrq.gov</a>
|
|
</div><div class="ahrqlinks"><a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/">AHRQ Home—Live Site</a> | <a href="/">Archive Home</a> | <a href="/sitemap.htm">Site Map</a> <!-- | <img src="/images/envelope1.jpg" alt="" width="21" height="14" /><a href="https://subscriptions.ahrq.gov/service/multi_subscribe.html?code=USAHRQ">E-mail Updates</a> --></div>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="PrintBanner">
|
|
<img src="/images/printbanner_arch.jpg" alt="Archive print banner" />
|
|
</div>
|
|
<a name="h1"></a>
|
|
<!-- End banner code -->
|
|
<!-- End of Page header -->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Content Body -->
|
|
<div id="mainContent">
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" >
|
|
<tr valign="top">
|
|
<td width="70%">
|
|
<!-- Center Content section -->
|
|
<table width="100%" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" style="margin-left:10px; margin-right:10px;margin-top:5px" summary="This table gives the layout format of the bread crumb area and the center content area.">
|
|
<!--DWLayoutTable-->
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td class="crumb_link"><div id="crumbContent">
|
|
<p><strong>You Are Here:</strong> <span class="crumb_link"><a href="/" class="crumb_link">AHRQ Archive Home</a> > <a href="/research/resarch.htm" class="crumb_link"><em>Research Activities</em> Archive</a> > <a href="." class="crumb_link">October 2000</a> </span></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><h1><a name="h1" id="h1"></a>Evidence-Based Medicine </h1>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td><div id="centerContent"><div class="headnote">
|
|
<p>This information is for reference purposes only. It was current when produced and may now be outdated. Archive material is no longer maintained, and some links may not work. Persons with disabilities having difficulty accessing this information should contact us at: <a href="https://info.ahrq.gov/">https://info.ahrq.gov</a>. Let us know the nature of the problem, the Web address of what you want, and your contact information. </p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p>Please go to <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/">www.ahrq.gov</a> for current information.</p></div>
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
<h2><a name="head2">AHRQ releases three new evidence reports</a></h2>
|
|
|
|
<p>Three new evidence reports were released recently by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. They represent the results of systematic reviews of the evidence on management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, prevention of venous thromboembolism after injury, and use of dietary garlic. The reports were prepared by <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epc/">Evidence-based Practice Centers</a> (EPCs) supported by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. They provide organizations with comprehensive, science-based information on common, costly medical conditions and new health care technologies. </p>
|
|
|
|
<p>There are 12 AHRQ-supported EPCs; they systematically review the relevant scientific literature on topics assigned to them by AHRQ and conduct additional analyses when appropriate prior to developing their reports and assessments. The goal is to inform health plans, providers, purchasers, and the health care system as a whole by providing essential information to improve health care quality. Print copies of the report summaries are now available from the <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/publications/order/order-research-activities.html">AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse</a>. Copies of the full evidence reports will be available in the near future.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Management of Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epc/dukeepc.htm">Duke University Evidence-based Practice Center</a> (Contract no. 290-97-0014) assessed the evidence currently available concerning the diagnosis, prognosis, and management of acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). COPD, which affects 16 million people and leads to nearly 300,000 hospitalizations annually, is the fourth leading cause of death in the United States. Acute exacerbations of COPD—worsening symptoms of dyspnea and an increase in the amount or purulence of sputum, which may be accompanied by chest discomfort, fever, and other symptoms—are associated with increased short-term mortality when compared with stable COPD.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>This report discusses the evidence on clinical assessment of acute exacerbations of COPD (differential diagnosis, prediction of outcome, and level-of-care needs), the effectiveness of various treatments, and the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation in patients with acute exacerbations who have developed respiratory failure. The EPC also provides recommendations for future research.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Select to access the <a href="/clinic/epcsums/copdsum.htm">summary online</a>. Print copies of the report summary (AHRQ Publication No. 00-E020) are available from the <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/publications/order/order-research-activities.html">AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse</a>. Copies of the full report (AHRQ Publication No. 01-E003) will be available from AHRQ in winter 2000.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Prevention of Venous Thromboembolism After Injury</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Venous thromboembolism (VT) is an injury-related blood-clotting problem that results in 50,000 deaths and 300,000 to 600,000 hospitalizations annually in the United States. Methods for preventing VT include sequential compression devices, low-dose heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, vena caval filters, and combinations of these. All of these methods are associated with contraindications and morbidity, which complicates selection of the appropriate method for each patient. This, in turn, leads to wide variability among physicians and prevents consistency in quality of care.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/clinic/epc/socalepc.htm">Southern California Evidence-based Practice Center/RAND</a> (AHRQ contract 290-97-0001) developed this evidence report on prevention of VT after trauma. Their goals were to identify the best method to prevent VT, determine which group of trauma patients is at high risk for developing VT, identify the best method of screening for the problem, and assess the role of vena caval filters in preventing one form of VT (pulmonary embolism) after injury. The report presents their findings and results of meta analyses, identifies gaps in the research literature, and provides recommendations for future research.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Select to access the <a href="/clinic/epcsums/vtsumm.htm">summary online</a>. Print copies of the report summary (AHRQ Publication No. 00-E026) are available from the <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/publications/order/order-research-activities.html">AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse</a>. Copies of the full report (AHRQ Publication No. 01-E004) will be available from AHRQ in winter 2000.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p><strong>Garlic: Effects on Cardiovascular Risks and Disease, Protective Effects Against Cancer, and Clinical Adverse Effects</strong></p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Dietary use of garlic may lower some types of cholesterol in the short term, but it does not appear to offer long-term protection against cardiovascular disease, according to this evidence report. Garlic may help to reduce low-density lipids (LDL), or "bad" cholesterol and triglycerides, but the evidence suggests only short-term (1 to 3 months) effects. Long-term benefits, if any, have not been determined. The levels of high-density lipids (HDL), or "good" cholesterol, were unaffected. After 6 months, no further reductions in either triglycerides or LDL were apparent. The report calls for additional research to examine the short-term versus long-term benefits of garlic consumption.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The report, which was based on a systematic review and analysis of scientific evidence related to clinical studies of garlic in humans, was prepared for AHRQ by the Evidence-based Practice Center at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio and the Veterans Evidence-based Research, Dissemination, and Implementation Center (VERDICT), a Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Center of Excellence. </p>
|
|
|
|
<p>The authors found no evidence that garlic has a beneficial impact on blood pressure or diabetes, and evidence was inconclusive about garlic's role in protecting against cancer. Dietary garlic may possibly be associated with a decreased likelihood of some types of cancer, but the number of available studies was not sufficient to draw conclusions. Also, there is not enough evidence on the different garlic preparations, such as raw, cooked, or supplement form.</p>
|
|
|
|
<p>Select to access the <a href="/clinic/epcsums/garlicsum.htm">summary online</a>. Print copies of the report summary (AHRQ Publication No. 00-E022) are available from the <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/research/publications/order/order-research-activities.html">AHRQ Publications Clearinghouse</a>. Copies of the full report (AHRQ Publication No. 01-E023) will be available from AHRQ in winter 2000.</p>
|
|
|
|
|
|
<p class="size2"><a href=".">Return to Contents</a><br />
|
|
<a href="1000RA12.htm">Proceed to Next Article</a></p>
|
|
<div class="footnote">
|
|
<p> The information on this page is archived and provided for reference purposes only.</p></div>
|
|
<p> </p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<!-- End of Center Content section -->
|
|
</td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<!-- End of Content Body -->
|
|
<!-- Footer graphic 1.2-->
|
|
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" width="100%">
|
|
<tr>
|
|
<td width="125" background="/images/bottom_ahrq_bkg.jpg"><img src="/images/bottom_ahrq_1.jpg" width="125" alt="AHRQ" /></td>
|
|
<td width="100%" background="/images/bottom_ahrq_bkg.jpg" ><img src="/images/bottom_ahrq_bkg.jpg" width="10" height="34" alt="" /></td>
|
|
|
|
<td width="310" background="/images/bottom_ahrq_bkg.jpg"><img src="/images/bottom_ahrq_2.gif" alt="Advancing Excellence in Health Care" width="310" height="34" /></td>
|
|
</tr>
|
|
</table>
|
|
<!-- Footer links section -->
|
|
<div id="banner_Footer2"><p> <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/">AHRQ Home</a> | <a href="https://info.ahrq.gov" class="footer_navlink">Questions?</a> | <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/contact/index.html" class="footer_navlink">Contact AHRQ</a> | <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/sitemap.html" class="footer_navlink">Site Map</a> | <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/policy/electronic/accessibility/index.html" class="footer_navlink">Accessibility</a> | <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/policy/electronic/privacy/index.html" class="footer_navlink">Privacy
|
|
Policy</a> | <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/policy/foia/index.html" class="footer_navlink">Freedom of Information Act</a> | <a href="https://www.ahrq.gov/policy/electronic/disclaimers/index.html" class="footer_navlink">Disclaimers</a> | <a href="http://www.hhs.gov/open/recordsandreports/plainwritingact/index.html" class="footer_navlink">Plain Writing Act</a> <br />
|
|
|
|
<a href="http://www.hhs.gov" class="footer_navlink">U.S. Department of Health & Human Services</a> | <a href="http://www.whitehouse.gov" class="footer_navlink">The White House</a> | <a href="http://www.usa.gov" class="footer_navlink">USA.gov: The U.S. Government's Official Web Portal</a></p>
|
|
</div>
|
|
<div id="banner_Footeraddress"><p>Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality <img src="/images/bottom_dot.gif" alt="" /> 5600 Fishers Lane Rockville, MD 20857 <img src="/images/bottom_dot.gif" alt="" /> Telephone: (301) 427-1364</p></div>
|
|
|
|
<!-- End of Footer links section -->
|
|
</body>
|
|
</html>
|