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<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/index.html">Main Page</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/acknow.html">Acknowledgments</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/highlights.html">Highlights From the National Healthcare Quality and Disparities Report</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap1.html">Chapter 1. Introduction and Methods</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2-text.html">Chapter 2. Effectiveness of Care</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap3.html">Chapter 3. Patient Safety</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap4.html">Chapter 4. Timeliness</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap5.html">Chapter 5. Patient Centeredness</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap6.html">Chapter 6. Care Coordination</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap7.html">Chapter 7. Efficiency</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap8.html">Chapter 8. Health Systems Infrastructure&#160;</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap9.html">Chapter 9. Access to Health Care</a></li>
<li><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap10.html">Chapter 10. Priority Populations</a></li>
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<span><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/2012nhdr.pdf">2012 National Healthcare Disparities Report (NHDR)</a> [ <img src="/resources/file_logos/pdf.gif" alt="PDF file" title="PDF file" class="icon" /> - 8.74&nbsp;MB]</span>
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<h1>2012 National Healthcare Disparities Report</h1>
<h2>Chapter 2, Text Descriptions for Figures</h2> <div id="basic-modal"><!-- start: Basic Modal -->
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<h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig21" name="fig21"></a>Figure 2.1. Adults ages 50-75 who reported having colorectal cancer screening, by race and income, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008, and 2010</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2010</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">35.1</td><td align="center">40.3</td><td align="center">46.3</td><td align="center">53.4</td><td align="center">60.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">30.0</td><td align="center">35.9</td><td align="center">39.1</td><td align="center">48.2</td><td align="center">56.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Asian</td><td align="center">22.7</td><td align="center">28.3</td><td align="center">31.3</td><td align="center">47.5</td><td align="center">47.8</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">34.9</td><td align="center">&#160;</td><td align="center">29.0</td><td align="center">28.7</td><td align="center">45.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">&gt;1 Race</td><td align="center">38.1</td><td align="center">40.9</td><td align="center">36.5</td><td align="center">39.3</td><td align="center">53.5</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2010</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">26.4</td><td align="center">30.0</td><td align="center">29.3</td><td align="center">34.5</td><td align="center">38.7</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">27.9</td><td align="center">30.8</td><td align="center">37.6</td><td align="center">42.0</td><td align="center">47.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">32.7</td><td align="center">38.2</td><td align="center">43.4</td><td align="center">49.6</td><td align="center">57.4</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">39.6</td><td align="center">45.8</td><td align="center">52.1</td><td align="center">60.8</td><td align="center">68.9</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2008, and 2010.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population ages 50-75.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Colorectal cancer screening includes blood stool test in the past year, sigmoidoscopy in the past 5 years and blood stool test in the past 3 years, or colonoscopy in the past 10 years.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig21">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig22" name="fig22"></a>Figure 2.2. State variation in disparities related to income: Adults ages 50-75 who reported having colorectal cancer screening, 2010</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Quartile</th><th scope="col">States</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Largest Disparity Quartile</td><td style=" text-align: left;">Hawaii, Washington, Oregon, California, Idaho, Wyoming, Arizona, Kansas, Texas, Missouri, Louisiana, Georgia</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Second Quartile</td><td style=" text-align: left;">Nevada, Utah, New Mexico, North Dakota, South Dakota, Oklahoma, Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Kentucky, Pennsylvania, North Carolina, South Carolina</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Third Quartile</td><td style=" text-align: left;">Montana, Minnesota, Iowa, Indiana, Ohio, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Florida, Virginia, New Jersey, Connecticut, New Hampshire</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Smallest Disparity Quartile</td><td style=" text-align: left;">Alaska, Colorado, Nebraska, Arkansas, West Virginia, Maryland, Delaware, New York, Vermont, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, Maine</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> Largest Disparity Quartile identifies States with the largest relative difference in rates of colorectal cancer screening between poor and high-income adults; Smallest Disparity Quartile identifies States with the smallest relative differences in rates of colorectal cancer screening between poor and high-income adults.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2010.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig22">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig23" name="fig23"></a>Figure 2.3. Adults ages 50-64 who reported having colorectal cancer screening, by Asian and Hispanic granular ethnicities and English proficiency, California, 2005, 2007, and 2009</h4><h5>Asian Ethnicities</h5><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">California Total</th><th scope="col">Asian Total</th><th scope="col">Chinese</th><th scope="col">Filipino</th><th scope="col">Japanese</th><th scope="col">Korean</th><th scope="col">Vietnamese</th><th scope="col">South Asian</th><th scope="col">English at Home</th><th scope="col">Well/Very Well</th><th scope="col">Not Well/Not at All</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">51.1</td><td align="center">46.7</td><td align="center">47.7</td><td align="center">50.7</td><td align="center">52.2</td><td align="center">35.9</td><td align="center">40.3</td><td align="center">45.7</td><td align="center">54.6</td><td align="center">49.4</td><td align="center">38.9</td></tr></table><h5>Hispanic Ethnicities</h5><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">California Total</th><th scope="col">Hispanic Total</th><th scope="col">Mexican</th><th scope="col">Puerto Rican</th><th scope="col">Central American</th><th scope="col">South American</th><th scope="col">English at Home</th><th scope="col">Well/Very Well</th><th scope="col">Not Well/Not at All</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">51.1</td><td align="center">45.6</td><td align="center">43.9</td><td align="center">55.9</td><td align="center">45</td><td align="center">53.9</td><td align="center">51.7</td><td align="center">51.6</td><td align="center">37.7</td></tr></table><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig23">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig24" name="fig24"></a>Figure 2.4. Adults age 50 and over who have advanced stage colorectal cancer, per 100,000 population, by race and ethnicity, 2000-2008</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">100.4</td><td align="center">97.9</td><td align="center">94.8</td><td align="center">92.4</td><td align="center">83.0</td><td align="center">79.5</td><td align="center">77.3</td><td align="center">74.9</td><td align="center">71.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">114.8</td><td align="center">113.3</td><td align="center">112.3</td><td align="center">112.7</td><td align="center">102.9</td><td align="center">99.1</td><td align="center">95.7</td><td align="center">92.5</td><td align="center">90.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">68.3</td><td align="center">68.6</td><td align="center">66.2</td><td align="center">65.7</td><td align="center">59.2</td><td align="center">55.1</td><td align="center">54.9</td><td align="center">60.5</td><td align="center">52.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">API</td><td align="center">78.0</td><td align="center">79.5</td><td align="center">76.3</td><td align="center">71.2</td><td align="center">66.5</td><td align="center">67.6</td><td align="center">64.2</td><td align="center">60.8</td><td align="center">59.8</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2000</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Non-Hispanic White</td><td align="center">102.5</td><td align="center">100.0</td><td align="center">97.0</td><td align="center">94.8</td><td align="center">85.1</td><td align="center">81.7</td><td align="center">79.3</td><td align="center">77.1</td><td align="center">73.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">82.8</td><td align="center">82.6</td><td align="center">79.5</td><td align="center">78.5</td><td align="center">75.4</td><td align="center">73.2</td><td align="center">71.7</td><td align="center">67.1</td><td align="center">64.8</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Program of Cancer Registries and National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program, 2000-2008. Registries meeting United States Cancer Statistics publication criteria for every year, 2000-2008, are included and cover 90.1% of the total U.S. population. States excluded are Arkansas, Washington DC, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, and Virginia.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Adults age 50 and over.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Advanced stage colorectal cancer is defined as regional or distant stage.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig24">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig25" name="fig25"></a>Figure 2.5. Patients with colon cancer who received surgical resection of colon cancer that included at least 12 lymph nodes pathologically examined, by race/ethnicity and income, 2004-2009</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race/Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">55.3</td><td align="center">60.7</td><td align="center">67.4</td><td align="center">77.3</td><td align="center">81.5</td><td align="center">84.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">54.4</td><td align="center">58.9</td><td align="center">66.5</td><td align="center">76.0</td><td align="center">80.1</td><td align="center">82.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">56.5</td><td align="center">62.0</td><td align="center">68.7</td><td align="center">78.1</td><td align="center">80.8</td><td align="center">84.7</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Asian</td><td align="center">59.1</td><td align="center">65.0</td><td align="center">69.4</td><td align="center">76.5</td><td align="center">81.5</td><td align="center">83.8</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">NHOPI</td><td align="center">77.8</td><td align="center">81.8</td><td align="center">&#160;</td><td align="center">&#160;</td><td align="center">83.9</td><td align="center">83.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">41.7</td><td align="center">55.7</td><td align="center">60.4</td><td align="center">74.4</td><td align="center">76.1</td><td align="center">78.8</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Total</td><td align="center">55.4</td><td align="center">60.5</td><td align="center">67.4</td><td align="center">77.4</td><td align="center">81.4</td><td align="center">83.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">55.8</td><td align="center">59.8</td><td align="center">67.0</td><td align="center">78.3</td><td align="center">83.9</td><td align="center">85.7</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">53.8</td><td align="center">59.0</td><td align="center">66.7</td><td align="center">76.5</td><td align="center">80.7</td><td align="center">83.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">59.6</td><td align="center">64.4</td><td align="center">70.1</td><td align="center">80.3</td><td align="center">83.4</td><td align="center">85.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">61.6</td><td align="center">67.5</td><td align="center">70.4</td><td align="center">80.0</td><td align="center">84.2</td><td align="center">87.0</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Commission on Cancer, American College of Surgeons and American Cancer Society, National Cancer Data Base, 2004-2009.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> U.S. population. White and Black are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> The 2006 and 2007 data for NHOPIs did not meet criteria for statistical reliability, data quality, or confidentiality.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig25">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig26" name="fig26"></a>Figure 2.6. Patients with colon cancer who received surgical resection of colon cancer that included at least 12 lymph nodes pathologically examined, by Asian and Hispanic granular ethnicities, 2004-2009</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Asian Indian</td><td align="center">57.9</td><td align="center">74.7</td><td align="center">60.8</td><td align="center">84.7</td><td align="center">83.8</td><td align="center">86.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Chinese</td><td align="center">57.2</td><td align="center">53.0</td><td align="center">68.9</td><td align="center">74.1</td><td align="center">81.6</td><td align="center">82.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Filipino</td><td align="center">51.3</td><td align="center">60.3</td><td align="center">74.1</td><td align="center">73.6</td><td align="center">80.0</td><td align="center">76.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Japanese</td><td align="center">67.3</td><td align="center">72.7</td><td align="center">71.3</td><td align="center">77.9</td><td align="center">81.9</td><td align="center">89.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Korean</td><td align="center">63.6</td><td align="center">64.8</td><td align="center">66.1</td><td align="center">77.2</td><td align="center">77.7</td><td align="center">86.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Vietnamese</td><td align="center">54.7</td><td align="center">68.7</td><td align="center">69.3</td><td align="center">72.8</td><td align="center">82.5</td><td align="center">83.0</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Mexican</td><td align="center">59.2</td><td align="center">62.0</td><td align="center">70.6</td><td align="center">74.1</td><td align="center">78.9</td><td align="center">86.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Cuban</td><td align="center">64.8</td><td align="center">70.7</td><td align="center">77.8</td><td align="center">82.5</td><td align="center">85.3</td><td align="center">89.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Puerto Rican</td><td align="center">46.2</td><td align="center">51.0</td><td align="center">57.7</td><td align="center">67.6</td><td align="center">70.5</td><td align="center">77.4</td></tr></table><p><strong>Source:</strong> Commission on Cancer, American College of Surgeons and American Cancer Society, National Cancer Data Base, 2004-2009.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> U.S. population.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> Puerto Ricans include patients receiving cancer care in hospitals in Puerto Rico.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig26">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig27" name="fig27"></a>Figure 2.7. Age-adjusted colorectal cancer deaths per 100,000 population, by race and ethnicity, 2004-2009</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Total</td><td align="center">18.0</td><td align="center">17.5</td><td align="center">17.2</td><td align="center">16.9</td><td align="center">16.5</td><td align="center">16</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">17.6</td><td align="center">16.9</td><td align="center">16.7</td><td align="center">16.4</td><td align="center">16</td><td align="center">15.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">24.7</td><td align="center">24.8</td><td align="center">24.3</td><td align="center">23.5</td><td align="center">22.9</td><td align="center">22.3</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">API</td><td align="center">11.3</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">10.9</td><td align="center">10.9</td><td align="center">11.3</td><td align="center">10.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">12.1</td><td align="center">12.0</td><td align="center">11.2</td><td align="center">11.5</td><td align="center">13.8</td><td align="center">12.8</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Non-Hispanic White</td><td align="center">17.9</td><td align="center">17.2</td><td align="center">17.0</td><td align="center">16.7</td><td align="center">16.3</td><td align="center">15.8</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">12.6</td><td align="center">12.4</td><td align="center">12.6</td><td align="center">12.0</td><td align="center">12</td><td align="center">12.2</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> API = Asian or Pacific Islander; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Vital Statistics System&#8212;Mortality, 2004-2009.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> U.S. population.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Total rate is age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. Hispanic includes all races.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig27">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig28" name="fig28"></a>Figure 2.8. Adults who received a blood pressure measurement in the last 2 years and can state whether their blood pressure was normal or high, by race/ethnicity and education, 1998, 2003, and 2008</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race/Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">1998</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Total</td><td align="center">90.1</td><td align="center">90.4</td><td align="center">92.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">91.0</td><td align="center">91.9</td><td align="center">93.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">92.3</td><td align="center">92.1</td><td align="center">93.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">83.6</td><td align="center">83.2</td><td align="center">89.0</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Education</th><th scope="col">1998</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">&lt;High School</td><td align="center">83.7</td><td align="center">82.9</td><td align="center">87.7</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">High School Grad</td><td align="center">89.6</td><td align="center">90.8</td><td align="center">91.3</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Any College</td><td align="center">92.9</td><td align="center">93.7</td><td align="center">94.9</td></tr></table><p><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Statistics, National Health Interview Survey, 1998, 2003, and 2008.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Civilian noninstitutionalized population age 18 and over.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> Rates are age adjusted to the 2000 U.S. standard population. White and Black groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig28">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig29" name="fig29"></a>Figure 2.9. Adults with hypertension whose blood pressure is under control, by race/ethnicity and income, 1988-1994, 1999-2002, 2003-2006, and 2007-2010</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race/Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">1988-1994</th><th scope="col">1999-2002</th><th scope="col">2003-2006</th><th scope="col">2007-2010</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Total</td><td align="center">23.1</td><td align="center">29.4</td><td align="center">36.2</td><td align="center">45.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Mexican American</td><td align="center">15.4</td><td align="center">16.6</td><td align="center">27.3</td><td align="center">32.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">22.2</td><td align="center">28.2</td><td align="center">34.3</td><td align="center">41.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">23.8</td><td align="center">30.6</td><td align="center">37.5</td><td align="center">49.7</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Income</th><th scope="col">1999-2002</th><th scope="col">2003-2006</th><th scope="col">2007-2010</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Poor</td><td align="center">27.9</td><td align="center">31.0</td><td align="center">45.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Low Income</td><td align="center">26.3</td><td align="center">32.1</td><td align="center">40.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Middle Income</td><td align="center">30.4</td><td align="center">33.0</td><td align="center">53.3</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">High Income</td><td align="center">32.2</td><td align="center">43.7</td><td align="center">43.8</td></tr></table><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig29">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig210" name="fig210"></a>Figure 2.10. Inpatient deaths per 1,000 adult hospital admissions with heart attack, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2009</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race/Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">100.2</td><td align="center">97.2</td><td align="center">88.2</td><td align="center">83.3</td><td align="center">78.3</td><td align="center">72.4</td><td align="center">66.3</td><td align="center">59.9</td><td align="center">54.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">95.2</td><td align="center">88.2</td><td align="center">84.0</td><td align="center">75.2</td><td align="center">67.6</td><td align="center">60.8</td><td align="center">57.6</td><td align="center">48.4</td><td align="center">47.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">99.5</td><td align="center">94.1</td><td align="center">88.8</td><td align="center">80.8</td><td align="center">77.4</td><td align="center">72.5</td><td align="center">65.3</td><td align="center">59.0</td><td align="center">59.4</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">API</td><td align="center">91.3</td><td align="center">96.7</td><td align="center">85.6</td><td align="center">85.6</td><td align="center">77.0</td><td align="center">83.5</td><td align="center">72.8</td><td align="center">61.1</td><td align="center">59.0</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Area Income</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q1 (Lowest)</td><td align="center">105.9</td><td align="center">97.6</td><td align="center">90.9</td><td align="center">87.4</td><td align="center">78.8</td><td align="center">74.3</td><td align="center">68.7</td><td align="center">61.6</td><td align="center">54.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q2</td><td align="center">100.8</td><td align="center">94.5</td><td align="center">90.2</td><td align="center">82.9</td><td align="center">79.2</td><td align="center">73.7</td><td align="center">67.1</td><td align="center">60.1</td><td align="center">56.8</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q3</td><td align="center">98.5</td><td align="center">90.3</td><td align="center">83.5</td><td align="center">78.0</td><td align="center">74.2</td><td align="center">69.9</td><td align="center">66.0</td><td align="center">56.1</td><td align="center">53.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q4 (Highest)</td><td align="center">94.6</td><td align="center">90.7</td><td align="center">80.1</td><td align="center">76.8</td><td align="center">72.2</td><td align="center">67.9</td><td align="center">61.8</td><td align="center">56.2</td><td align="center">51.1</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> API = Asian or Pacific Islander; Q1 represents the lowest income quartile and Q4 represents the highest income quartile based on the median income of a patient&#39;s ZIP Code of residence.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators modified version 4.1, 2001-2009.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Adults age 18 and over admitted to a non-Federal community hospital in the United States with acute myocardial infarction as principal discharge diagnosis.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are adjusted by age, Major Diagnostic Category, All Payer Refined-Diagnosis Related Group risk of mortality score, and transfers into the hospital. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig210">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig211" name="fig211"></a>Figure 2.11. Hospital patients with heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction prescribed ACE inhibitor or ARB at discharge, by race/ethnicity, 2005-2010</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race/Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th><th scope="col">2010</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Total</td><td align="center">82.6</td><td align="center">85.2</td><td align="center">89.7</td><td align="center">92.1</td><td align="center">93.8</td><td align="center">94.9</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">81.4</td><td align="center">84.2</td><td align="center">88.9</td><td align="center">91.4</td><td align="center">93.1</td><td align="center">94.4</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">85.4</td><td align="center">87.6</td><td align="center">91.4</td><td align="center">93.6</td><td align="center">95.1</td><td align="center">96.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">82.9</td><td align="center">85.2</td><td align="center">89.4</td><td align="center">92.5</td><td align="center">94.4</td><td align="center">94.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">AI/AN</td><td align="center">85.8</td><td align="center">86.4</td><td align="center">90.8</td><td align="center">90.7</td><td align="center">91.8</td><td align="center">92.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Asian</td><td align="center">81.5</td><td align="center">84.9</td><td align="center">89.9</td><td align="center">92.6</td><td align="center">95.4</td><td align="center">95.4</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme; ARB = angiotensin receptor blocker; AI/AN = American Indian or Alaska Native.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Medicare &amp; Medicaid Services, Medicare Quality Improvement Organization Program, 2005-2010.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Patients hospitalized with a principal diagnosis of acute heart failure and left ventricular systolic dysfunction.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> White, Black, AI/AN, and Asian groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig211">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig212" name="fig212"></a>Figure 2.12. Adult admissions for congestive heart failure per 100,000 population, by race/ethnicity and area income, 2001-2009</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race/Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">414.6</td><td align="center">414.0</td><td align="center">372.8</td><td align="center">372.7</td><td align="center">365.4</td><td align="center">347.0</td><td align="center">326.3</td><td align="center">315.7</td><td align="center">306.6</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Black</td><td align="center">1083.7</td><td align="center">1041.3</td><td align="center">859.2</td><td align="center">938.1</td><td align="center">846.7</td><td align="center">862.4</td><td align="center">828.6</td><td align="center">766.3</td><td align="center">742.3</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Hispanic</td><td align="center">483.9</td><td align="center">608.3</td><td align="center">616.9</td><td align="center">592.5</td><td align="center">503.5</td><td align="center">436.5</td><td align="center">408.6</td><td align="center">339.4</td><td align="center">336.8</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">API</td><td align="center">309.5</td><td align="center">307.9</td><td align="center">253.6</td><td align="center">289.7</td><td align="center">224.8</td><td align="center">213.5</td><td align="center">216.9</td><td align="center">214.7</td><td align="center">199.0</td></tr></table>&#160; <table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Area Income</th><th scope="col">2001</th><th scope="col">2002</th><th scope="col">2003</th><th scope="col">2004</th><th scope="col">2005</th><th scope="col">2006</th><th scope="col">2007</th><th scope="col">2008</th><th scope="col">2009</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q1 (Lowest)</td><td align="center">610.9</td><td align="center">599.6</td><td align="center">598.9</td><td align="center">576.0</td><td align="center">557.2</td><td align="center">566.1</td><td align="center">511.4</td><td align="center">490.3</td><td align="center">480.2</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q2</td><td align="center">521.4</td><td align="center">518.3</td><td align="center">463.5</td><td align="center">450.3</td><td align="center">419.4</td><td align="center">413.0</td><td align="center">388.3</td><td align="center">373.7</td><td align="center">363.3</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q3</td><td align="center">427.5</td><td align="center">444.1</td><td align="center">397.5</td><td align="center">384.1</td><td align="center">377.8</td><td align="center">359.4</td><td align="center">335.9</td><td align="center">327.4</td><td align="center">322.0</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Q4 (Highest)</td><td align="center">413.3</td><td align="center">376.7</td><td align="center">334.9</td><td align="center">347.1</td><td align="center">349.1</td><td align="center">333.8</td><td align="center">296.0</td><td align="center">299.2</td><td align="center">292.8</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> API = Asian or Pacific Islander; Q1 represents the lowest income quartile and Q4 represents the highest income quartile based on the median income of a patient&#39;s ZIP Code of residence.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Nationwide Inpatient Sample, State Inpatient Databases disparities analysis file, and AHRQ Quality Indicators modified version 4.1, 2001-2009.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> U.S. resident population age 18 and over.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are adjusted by age and gender. White, Black, and API groups are non-Hispanic; Hispanic includes all races.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig212">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig213" name="fig213"></a>Figure 2.13. Adults who reported receiving a cholesterol check in the last 5 years, by race, 2011</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Race</th><th scope="col">2011</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">77.3</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">NHOPI</td><td align="center">65.9</td></tr></table><p><strong>Key:</strong> NHOPI = Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander.<br /><strong>Source:</strong> Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System, 2011.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Adults age 18 and over.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig213">Return to Document</a></p><h4 class="figcaption"><a id="fig214" name="fig214"></a>Figure 2.14. Adult admissions for congestive heart failure per 100,000 population, State of Hawaii, by granular ethnicity, 2008</h4><table border="1" cellspacing="0" padding="4" width="90%"><tr valign="top"><th scope="col">Ethnicity</th><th scope="col">2008</th></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">White</td><td align="center">197.1</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Native Hawaiian</td><td align="center">372.5</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Other Pacific Islander</td><td align="center">1383.4</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Chinese</td><td align="center">218.7</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Filipino</td><td align="center">354.7</td></tr><tr valign="top"><td scope="row">Japanese</td><td align="center">132.5</td></tr></table><p><strong>Source:</strong> Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Hawaii State Inpatient Databases and AHRQ Quality Indicators modified version 4.1, 2008.<br /><strong>Denominator:</strong> Adults age 18 and over in Hawaii based on the Hawaii Health Survey.<br /><strong>Note:</strong> For this measure, lower rates are better. Rates are adjusted by age and gender using the total U.S. population for 2000 as the standard population.</p><p><a href="/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2.html#fig214">Return to Document</a></p> </div>
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<div class="current-as-of">Page last reviewed May 2013</div>
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<span>Internet Citation: 2012 National Healthcare Disparities Report: Chapter 2, Text Descriptions for Figures.
May 2013. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Rockville, MD. http://archive.ahrq.gov/research/findings/nhqrdr/nhdr12/chap2-text.html</span>
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